Overview
This lecture introduces the fundamentals of databases, their importance in modern technology, basic database terminology, differences between databases and spreadsheets, and naming conventions in databases.
Learning Objectives
- Understand the importance of databases in web, mobile, and IoT technology.
- Learn the characteristics and structure of databases, especially relational databases.
- Understand database management systems (DBMS) and their functions.
- Recognize the basics of tables, relationships, and naming conventions.
Importance of Databases
- Databases are essential in nearly all commercial websites, apps, and smart devices.
- The location of databases (local device vs. network/server) depends on storage availability and connectivity.
- IoT devices like smart fridges and cameras often run lightweight database systems (e.g., MySQL on Android).
- Email systems and many apps use databases, while basic word processors and spreadsheets typically do not.
Key Database Concepts
- A database is a structured way to store related facts and figures (data).
- Data is unprocessed facts; information is processed data that is useful for decision-making.
- Most modern systems use client-server architecture, where users access databases through servers (web/app/server).
Relational Databases and Structure
- Relational databases organize data into related tables, each storing information about one subject.
- Tables are composed of rows (entities/records) and columns (fields/attributes).
- Relationships exist between tables, e.g., students and classes are linked but stored separately.
- Unlike spreadsheets, databases enforce data integrity (e.g., prevent typing text in numeric fields).
Naming Conventions
- Table names are often in full caps (STUDENT), but capitalized first letters are common in practice (Student).
- Column names begin with a capital letter and use consistent formatting (e.g., LastName).
- Avoid spaces and SQL keywords in table and column names.
- Use single quotes for strings in SQL for better compatibility.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Data — Recorded facts and figures (e.g., names, addresses).
- Database — A structured collection of related data.
- Information — Data processed to be meaningful or useful.
- Relational Database — A database that organizes data into related tables.
- Entity — A row or record in a table.
- Attribute/Field — A column in a table.
- DBMS (Database Management System) — Software to create, manage, and access databases.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Ensure you have the required textbook.
- Print out the journal questions before watching video lectures.
- Review and familiarize yourself with basic database terms and naming conventions.