[Music] hello everyone welcome to the second lesson in media and information literacy for today's lesson we will have the discussion of the evolution of traditional and new media for today's objectives here are our target first is to discuss the different periods of how media evolve next is to understand the purpose of each media tool per era and to summarize the evolution of media through timeline so let's start so i have here a video and then after i would ask a question about what we have seen on this video so please pay attention as we start the video [Music] [Music] [Laughter] [Music] so [Music] [Music] so far have you enjoyed watching the video interesting isn't it alright so based from the video how did communication evolve i know most of you have something in mind of how communication evolved based from the video but to clarify your prior knowledge about the evolution of how communication evolved so let's proceed with our lesson okay now let's start our discussion with the evolution of traditional and new media so i have here the four important periods of the evolution of traditional and new media first we have the prehistoric era which is believed to have started around 200 000 bce up to 4000 bce next is the ancient era which is believed to have started around 3000 bce up to 100 ce next we have the industrial era which is believed to have started around 1440 up to 1890 and then last we have the information era which is believed to have started around 1906 up until present so to discuss each period so let's start let us begin with the prehistoric era so this was dated around 200 000 bce up to 4000 bce in this particular period people most mostly rely on nature so they use tools in their surroundings that are or they use tools that they can utilize in order for them to communicate so in this particular period the usage of smoke the usage of fire and the usage of horn was one of their systems or ways in order for them to communicate so let's start so aside from those ways mentioned on the previous slide we also have petroglyphs so petroglyphs are illustrations by abolishing part of rock by incision or carving as a form of rock or so i have here an example of petroglyphs so these are usually found on caves because during the prehistoric times people used to live on caves so petroglyphs is actually one of the earliest forms of media in the prehistoric period aside from petroglyphs prehistoric people used to do cave paintings which is also known as a parietal art so these are painted drawings on cave walls or ceilings and some of these paintings were dated to have created around 40 000 bce up to 38 000 bce and these cave paintings were prominent in both asia and european region during the prehistoric period so unlike petroglyphs where in the process of that is through carving or incising objects or images in cave walls so cave paintings are actually painted drawings on cave walls there are instances wherein they use a sharp object or a sharp stone and their painting medium could be a an extract from a plant or it could be the blood of their hunted animals it was also during the prehistoric period wherein dance was introduced but during those time dance is not considered as a form of self-expression but during this time dancing before their gods was fundamental in temple rituals because they believe that it's their way of communicating or connecting to their supernatural beings especially during the prehistoric times so during temple rituals during festivity so they do dancing because they believe that this will honor or this will glorify their gods and then another form of media or expression is through body art so it was believed that this is started around a prehistoric era so it's a momentous part of social spiritual or personal expression so when you say body art class it is not just a putting a tattoo on the skin it could also mean that you put ornaments on your body okay so it was believed to have started around the prehistoric period so this is also their way of being identified because during those times the more you have tattoo the more experience you already have or it says something about your origin or it says something about someone's experience okay so i have here an example of so example of body art we have uh the neck rings on malaysian tribes women so we usually see this even still up to this day in some of the tribes in malaysia and in other parts of asia and then in africa so they have this type of skin which is prominent to the chamber tribe in africa and then also uh during the prehistoric period uh they also they also practice um body art through putting cosmetics so for them also to be identified and of course when we say cosmetics egyptians or early egyptians were the ones who who actually introduced cosmetics to the world so they were the ones who first introduced this way of making someone beautiful or being beautified and also just like what i said under body art we have the tattoo so in some of the tribes in india so they put tattoo on their skin and not just in india but in other parts of the world some of the peoples especially tribesmen consider tattoo as sacred or they consider it as an important part or an integral part of their lives because it says something about their tribe it says something about the experience and it says something about let's say their origin or their triumphs in their lives okay now let us have the forms of media during the ancient era so which was believed to have started around 3000 bce up to 100 ce so unlike in the prehistoric era in the ancient era this was the period where the system of writing and the first system of communication was developed yes there are systems of communication during the prehistoric times but it was not really fixed or let's say it has no definite system yet until the ancient era so this was the period where the first uh systems or systematic forms of communication was introduced first and foremost we have the different systems of writing during the ancient era and the first system of writing is through cuneiform script so cuneiform script is one of the earliest schemes of writing identified by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets built by means of a blunt reed for a stylus so this was used for more than three millennia through several points of development so it was believed to have started around 34th century bce up to second century common e so here is an example of a cuneiform script which was recovered in turkey so as you can see the characteristic of uniform script unlike petroglyphs and k-paintings it has a pattern and at the same time it also has a system so considering the characteristics of letters and the characters so usually it's like a wedge shaped character and the way of doing this is that people during this time uses a sharp breed and they do this on clay tablets so unlike better glyphs here we can see that writing has already a system and then after the cuneiform script the egyptian people during the ancient time developed their own system of writing which was called egyptian hieroglyphs or let's just say hieroglyphs egyptian hieroglyphs is an orderly writing system used by the ancient egyptians that combine anagram and alphabetic elements egyptians use cursive hieroglyphs for religious articles on papyrus and wood so here is an example of an egyptian hieroglyphs that was recovered in egypt so when we say anagram so anagram are object-like characters or natural object-like characters and then alphabetic are letter-like characters so as you can see here compare it to a cuneiform script egyptian script is almost showing us exact picture of some of the natural objects that we can see so i'm comparing it to uniform script the system of writing of the egyptians was quite developed or was quite systematic compared to that of the cuneiform script it follows a certain system at the same time it also uses anagram or natural object like characters and alphabetic characters and then because of this it was also during the ancient period where the alphabet was introduced the first alphabet that was introduced to the world was the phoenician alphabet so this was called by the tradition as the proto-kanaan alphabet for epitaphs older than around a 1050 bce and it is considered as the oldest alphabet it doesn't show any definite alphabet so just characters so uniform script and egyptian hieroglyphs are just using characters but there were no confirmed alphabet yet until the introduction of definition alphabet so take note the definition alphabet is considered the oldest confirmed alphabet in the history so it contains 22 letters of all which are consonants and it was acquired from egyptian hieroglyphs and became one of the most extensively used writing systems is spread by phoenician merchants around the mediterranean world considering history here class finish an alphabet was derived from egyptian hierogly it was inspired by the egyptian hieroglyphs so even the lepers were inspired by some of the characters in the egyptian hieroglyphs so we have here an example of a finishing alphabet as you can see based from the description it contains 22 letters all of which doesn't contain vowels all are consonants and then aside from phoenician alphabet even the greeks also developed their own alphabet so the greek alphabet according to history was derived from the phoenician alphabet then the greeks acclimated it to their own language creating in the development of the first true alphabet in which vowels bestowed balance status with consonants so take note of this class venetian alphabet was the first alphabet in the world but greek civilization claimed that their alphabet was the first true alphabet simply because this was the first time when vowels was introduced in the system of writing so take note of this greeks were the ones who introduced vowels in the system of writing and they believed that it would be balanced if they will create other forms of letters which they called vowels so let's have alphabet it's like what i said earlier so the greeks used the definition alphabet as their inspiration to develop their own and according to greek legends addressed by herodotus in some of his writings the alphabet was carried from phoenicia to greece by cadmos so we have here the greek alphabet so as you can see the name of the letters here we can still hear this in the present time so we usually hear this we when we put emphasis on the sound of each letters in the alphabet so let's say a for alpha b for beta and then d for delta and e for epsilon and others and even in military the words there or the names of the platoons there some of the names of the platoons there were inspired by the greek alphabet and aside from that there were organizations that are existing even up to this day which considers using the greek alphabet all right and during this time going back to our discussion during this time so greek alphabet is one of the most prominent systems in writing and it was also during the the ancient period when drama was introduced to the world so drama is also considered as a form of media during the ancient period so drama is a clear-cut mode of narrative commonly fictional served in performance western drama comes from classical greece so the theatrical culture of the city-state of athens generated three genres of drama such as tragedy comedy and the satire play and then by 5th century bce they were regulated in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating the god junicious so it was also during the ancient period when drama was introduced not just as a form of art but as a media tool because here people can show their lifestyle drama is also the reflection of someone's life and at the same time drama is also a way of educating the younger generation so it is how they pass a particular culture or a tradition to the younger ones so that they will so that the younger ones will also carry it out on the on the next generation and drama was considered as not just a form of art but it was also considered as a form of media and then also since we have discussed the system of writing it was also during the ancient times when paper was introduced as a tool in communication so grammatically the paper was derived from papyrus which means an ancient plant from an ancient greek plant which is cyprus papyrus or that's the name of that particular plant where the word a paper was derived and the papyrus is a chunky paper-like matter produced from the core of the cypress papyrus plant which was used in the ancient egypt and mediterranean culture for writing way before the paper making in china which was dated 2nd century ce by kailun and then mayans use a similar bark paper writing material not later than fifth century ce and they call it amatel long before the ancient period so there were other civilizations that are using this paper-like structure for their writing such as the egyptians and the mediterranean culture and they use papyrus for that and it was in china where the industry of paper making was introduced and was believed to have started around second century ce as i was saying the first paper making process was documented in china during the han period and it was stated to have happened around 25 to 220 common era so it was a chinese man named kailun who introduced the process of paper making which eventually spread out to some parts of the world so take note it was in china where the system of paper making started and because during those during this ancient period the the barter system of industry is prominent or it's common to most of the of the civilization and during this period as well um notable civilizations are prominent so that's why the process of paper making is spread out in some parts of the world now let us have the forms of media it was introduced during the industrial era which was believed to have started around 1440 and it was dated up until 1890 so unlike the previous eras in media evolution it was in the industrial era where the first mechanical tools or the first machines were introduced and these machines were the inspiration of the modernized machines that we are using in the present time so let's start one of the most significant events around during the industrial era was the invention of printing press so printing press is an apparatus for administering pressure to an ink surface recessing upon a print medium such as paper or cloth thereby transferring the ink so the invention and spread of the printing press was one of the most prominent events in the second millennium so it was actually during the industrial period wherein people started to think of using machines in order to simplify their way of living so we have here examples of the earliest form of printing press so the picture on the left side was the recreated version of the gothenburg printing press which was displayed in the printing museum in carson california and then the printing press or the picture of the printing press which is on the right side is actually the blueprint of the actual printing press which was introduced by guttenberg and the printing press is the brainchild of no other than this german missionary by the name of johannes gottenberg so the printing press was invented in the holy roman empire by johannes gutenberg around 1440 so he developed an entire printing system which will fill the printing operations through all its stages so during this period since it was introduced during the holy roman empire so the first products of one of the first products rather of the printing press was the earliest version of the bible so it was during the industrial era where the bible was first printed and because of the civilization during this time or the modernized civilization during this time much modernized compared to ancient era the concept of printing system was introduced to some parts of the world and this actually started a more developed way of communication because books can be used as a system of information gathering and this also paved the way to evolve and upgrade the system of education as well during this time next we have the dry plates so aside from printing press the invention of dry plates also one of the most prominent events in the industrial period the dry place were work of desiree van maukoven the collodion dry plates had been accessible since 1855 but it was not until the contraption of the gelatin dry plate in the 1851 by richard leech madox that the wet plate process could be a match in quality and speed so dry plates were actually the great great grandfather of the camera that we're using so here is an example of the late 19th century studio camera so unlike the cameras that we are using today wherein we will just flash our brightest smile and then post for a matter of seconds and then there you go the image will be captured during this times photography it really requires a patience and a lot of time simply because for a photographer to develop a great image so the subject must stare or must stay on his position for around hours long in order to capture a great image so just imagine how long will you stay in front of this type of camera just for you to get the pictures masterpiece that you are trimming off and then aside from a printing press and dry plates the concept of telegraphy was introduced during the industrial era so telegraphy is the long-distance broadcast of textual or symbolic messages it is without the corporeal exchange of an object bearing the message so it necessitates that the technique used for encoding the message both be known sender and receiver so telegraphy was actually the period were in was actually the the process were in and a message is transferred from one end to another without actually exhausting yourself reaching the receiver so a machine under telegraphy was introduced one of that is what we call telegraph so an electric telegraph was self-sufficiently advanced and attended in the u.s in in 1837 by samwell morse so his assistant alfred will develop the morse code signaling alphabet with morse so this is actually the representation or this is actually an example of the earliest form of telegraph so in 1844 with the use of this device morse sent the message what hath god wrote from the capital in washington to baltimore so this was during this time wherein these people have successfully transferred a message from a white farther in going to another point so without actually exhausting themselves sending mails so by just sending a code through signal so it was successful in 1844 and because of the introduction of telegraphy so aside from telegraph the concept of telephone or phone was also introduced during the industrial era so we have telephone so telephone or phone is a telecommunication device that allows many users to administer a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard so aside from alfred bale and samwell morse who introduced telegraph to the world telephone was also introduced which also caters or which also provide a long-distance communication phone is actually the brainchild of a scottish immigrant named alexander graham bell so alexander graham bell patented a device that formed clearly intelligible replication of human voice in 1876 so unlike the telegraph alexander graham bell patented a device that will not just transfer a code or a signal from a point to a particular point so what he did is he invented a machine or he invented a tool that would clearly transfer a human voice or a clear representation of human voice from one point to another point so it all started in 1876. and then aside from those mentioned phonograph is also an example of those devices that was introduced during the industrial period so in 1877 a phonograph or a device designed for the power driven recording and reproduction of sound was invented and in its later forms it was also called the gramophone so aside from transmitting messages so the process of recording or storing and reproducing sound was also introduced during the industrial era by the use of phonographs of phonographs during the during this time it was used to record and reproduce sounds right so it was on the later versions of phonograph it was called the gramophone so so we have here the picture of thomas edison with his brainchild which is the phonograph and did you know that aside from dry plates it was also during the industrial era when a film was introduced for the concept of film making was introduced so film also called as movie motion picture theatrical film or photo play is a series of immobile images that when shown on a screen generates the illusion of moving images i have here an example of one of the first actually if i'm not mistaken this was the first a photographic sequence that was shot by edward muybridge around 1887 which portray the earliest version of motion pictures and aside from edward muybridge there were other filmmakers who were inspired to develop films and this was actually the beginning of film making industry in the world now let us proceed to the forms of media which were developed during the information era and it was believed to have started around 1906 up until the present time one of the inventions in the information era is the radio so radio is a technology of using radio wave to convey information such as sound by modulating some property of electromagnetic energy waves transferred through space so it was during the information era when radio was introduced to the worlds it was believed to have uh invented around 1920s and as decades goes by the the form of radio also evolved so from a gramophonic type radio so it evolves in every decade and nowadays we have uh different ways of listening to the news in radio so we have radios in our phone we have we can listen to radio online and we can still listen to our radios in our home aside from radio television was also introduced during the information era so television is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting sounds with moving pictures so unlike radio television is quite advanced compared to radio simply because it doesn't just transmit sounds through signal it also transmits moving pictures as you can see just like radio every decade the form or the design of television also evolved so from a box type up until the flat screen television so even the function of television also evolved so during during its original invention so we're only used to watch shows on television alone but nowadays we can do much function in television aside from watching shows in our tv because of the invention of the smart television so we can even connect them to the internet so you see how technology evolves over time it was also during this period when computers were introduced so computer is an electronic device for storing and processing data typically in binary form according to instructions given to it in a variable program so over the over the decades and over the years we can see that computers are evolving from its original form which measures a size of a big office or a room up to the types of computers that we are using today so today we can see that there are tablets there are computers wherein the parts are also on the screen so we can see that even computers are evolving from its original or from its first design up until it's designed today but it's and even the function also evolves from time to time and then the the process and then the function also develops as well because of the evolution of computer the introduction or the invention of internet was also introduced so internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the internet protocol suite to communicate between networks and devices so according to history it was believed that internet was first introduced as arpanet in 1969 in a military base in the united states and then until such time and because of the success of arpanet it was introduced to different institutions in the united states and then because of its massive success in those different institutions that's why the world wide web was introduced and still growing up until today we also have the introduction or the invention of mobile phones so mobile phone is a portable telephone which can produce and receive calls over a radio frequency carrier so even phone as well class has its evolution so starting from a bulky type phone going to the smartphones that we are using nowadays so you see even mobile phones evolves over time okay so now let us summarize the lesson so let us have the prehistoric era so as what we have discussed earlier prehistoric era which was dated around 200 000 bce up to 4000 bce so this was the period wherein there was no definite system of communication and it was during this period wherein people used to rely on their surroundings as they do communication or as they gather information and then we have ancient era so ancient era which was dated around 3000 bce up to 100 ce was the time wherein the first system of communication was introduced to the world so the first uh organized system of communication was introduced to the world so this was the period when the system of writing was introduced it was also during the period when the system of process the the process of paper making was introduced and it was also during the during this period wherein our various alphabets or earliest forms of alphabets was introduced and then we have the industrial era which was dated around 1440 up until 1890 so this was the period class were in people invented machines in order to ease the way of communication so unlike ancient era so this was the period wherein people thought of creating an ease in terms of communication so that's why various machines were developed in order to uh spread information in order to store information in order to transmit an information without actually exhausting uh from going to uh for in going to one place to another okay and last we have the information era which was dated around 1906 up until the present time so this was the period where in the technologies in the industrial era were modernized and at the same time modernized forms of technology such as computer and internet was introduced and this actually paved the way for the creation or for the birth of new media all right so i hope this lesson was quite interesting and i hope that you have understood now the evolution of media and that's it for our today's discussion so i hope that you have learned something about the evolution of traditional and new media and i also hope that all of us will appreciate those tools of media that we are using today because in this particular lesson we have learned that these tools have gone through upgrading have gone through revision before it was actually uh what it was today all right so i hope we'll see you again for our next lesson in media and information literacy goodbye class