Transcript for:
The Story of Village Palampur - Economics Lecture

hello everybody good evening and welcome to your very own by juice 9th and 10th grade Channel I'm your teacher Aishwarya and I welcome you to today's class where we are going to be discussing the chapter the story of village palampur now of course in this particular video we will be doing a full chapter explanation and we will go in great detail because this right here is the first chapter that is there in economics and of course we are going to be discussing it in great detail now as you know this particular class is being live stream so for my students who are probably watching this video much after the live stream you can quickly skip to the part where I start teaching the chapter but for all of my students who are live and who are here with me I hope my audio my video and my screen and whatever I'm writing on the screen is visible to all of you if it is students give me a quick thumbs up to let me know that we are good to go right yes this was a very very important chapter that all of you want did and as you all know I know that this particular chapter was not covered for your periodic test which is why we prioritize the periodic test right I mean we prioritize this particular uh chapter explanation everything is good to go awesome all right so of course everybody right as we all know in this particular class we are going to be covering the full chapter explanation so if we have to do this properly I need you to make sure you have your notebooks you have your textbooks ready with you please make sure that all of you have a pencil and a highlighter ready as well right if not a highlighter pencil and an eraser and of course students I need you to have a water bottle ready because today's class might extend up to one and a half hours right because as we all know this particular chapter is quite a big chapter but at the same time this right here is a very easy chapter it's just that so far went up until 8th grade you did not really have the concept and idea of Economics now we're gonna get started with something very new for all of you which is why maybe for all of you to get an idea of what this chapter is about may take you some time but trust me if you've read this chapter this is a very very easy chapter right and if the chapter has been completed in your school this is going to be a good revision for all of you right and as as we all know I want to make sure that you have a quiet place so that you will study yes we will do chapter 2 of geography as well but we will do one chapter at a time right all of you want all the chapters so this is going to be very difficult for me right I'm trying my best so at this moment we finish one chapter in economics and then go back to the second chapter in geography so are we all clear yes are we all clear and are we all good to go I don't want to waste too much time in the beginning because I want to make sure that as quick as possible I'm able to wind it up so of course I will do chapter explanation and I will also be telling you what kind of questions will come from each topic so I have textbook references pasted so that as and when you want to write it down you will be able to do it right yes this is for class nine not for class 10 yes so everybody if you are all excited for today's class very quickly please hit the like button on this video and do not forget to hit the Subscribe button in case if you are very new to the class then I would suggest you watch the video and see where it goes and I know that all of you here will understand it so this right here of course right when we talk about this particular chapter which is the story of Village palampur mainly it talks about the ideology of production right so in this particular chapter what is it that we're going to learn we'll get an idea of the importance of production what are the factors that contribute towards production what is the importance of Agriculture what are the you know traditional methods what are the modern methods right so there are a lot of things that you've probably studied from me in biology itself right when I would have taught you crop production and management in eighth grade it's just that we'll probably look at this whole ideology in a very different angle when it comes to economics okay so without wasting any more time students we will get started and before I get started with this whole chapter and the story right let's I'm sure that either in the news or in the you know maybe newspapers or maybe in some articles you would have seen these terminologies come into the picture right you'd have heard the word economic growth you would have heard about how economy is stronger or there could be some economic crisis in some area right we all see this in the news articles this is not very new to us this word is something that we constantly keep seeing right from our lower grades and we say that oh the economic conditions are very good so this country is thriving or oh the economic conditions are not so great which is why we see that this country is you know having some struggle so we are not going to look at economic crisis today but rather we'll understand what do we mean by the word economics or rather I would say what do we mean by economy what do you understand by it yes before I tell you what is the definition what do we understand by the word economy yes what do you you understand by the word when you say economy of a country is stronger Swami menu tells me Mom economics is a subject that deals with the economy okay everybody said Mom economy means something to do with money okay maybe with respect to financial conditions right money of the country financial status okay wealth of a country very good now think about it in a slightly different angle now you're talking about wealth and financial conditions and we know that in order to lead a quality life right now the kind of life with respect to maybe good amenities maybe having the ability to go to good schools and all of that maybe we require money right but it's also about how is it that we're going to generate all of this money it's not that money will just come we need to also think about how we generate this money right now imagine if I'm a businesswoman and I want to you know generate some money what will I do if you are a business woman a long businessman slash woman along with me what is it that you will do you will go to work okay can make some money fine all right but what else I'm talking about if I'm a business woman I will do okay I will do business I will have schemes somebody Priya tells me Mom I need capital okay very very good words production exactly so see we're going to start with things that you know I'm not going to start with directly telling you what is what right you need to also think by yourselves so when you talk about economy right when you talk about the word economics we see that the economy here refers to production it is uh you know talks about consumption and the distribution of goods and services in a specific region and the study that is concerned with the production the distribution and the consumption of goods and services now when you think about Goods don't think about what are Goods goods are nothing but it could be anything it could be a packaged material it could be a food item right so here when we talk about it when we talk about Goods it's basically what we produce right services are basically for example things like teaching you know Bank Services right you have a lot of uh you know Tailors and how they provide those kind of services these are all things that we understand as Services right so we know what is an economy and we also know what do we understand as economics right are we all clear now I understand that a lot of students in the live class here are quite distracted see like I always tell you if you don't want to pay attention right now and you want to watch later you can watch later but students here are very very serious about studying so I request you to pay attention right so we are clear when we talk about economics or economy it includes production distribution that means you have to send it to different parts consumption what is consumption see when you are buying a milk packet from the the shopkeeper or when you are buying a phone or when you are maybe buying probably a bed sheet right you are purchasing something and you are using it right so basically whatever for example let's assume an example of milk right the milk that was produced was then sent to different parts of the country and it was bought by someone like you and me in order to consume it so that is what we mean as consumption right so consumption means it's with respect to us as consumers to use not just to buy but it is to use right usage is the correct word here yes so again some more examples that I can give you yes now of course when you talk about bees right we know that from bees we get honey or we know that from silk worms we get silk but my question to you is if bees give us honey and silkworms give us silk do we just you know buy silkworms and do we just buy bees so but I will get my honey and you know silk in any manner is that possible yes or no right we don't get it like that no I mean nobody buys fake worms but rather what do we buy right or what do we end up getting we end up getting honey in either packaged bottles or when you talk about silkworm we know that from the silkworm it is processed right we've learned about it in our science subjects about how silk is processed yes so we understand that there is some processing which is involved right or rather what I would say is that there is some production which is involved right so that is what at a broad aspect we are going to be learning about today so in this mind map there are five things that we are going to cover we're going to learn about what is production we are then going to learn about how we produce then we will also learn about why do we produce and how do we do it again just to add on then who all are involved in this process of production and how can we become a little more labor friendly right and this whole chapter that is there the story of let palampur deals with the ideology right so with the help of this hypothetical Village we see that they're able to learn a lot of these concepts with examples because if you learn about it theoretically there is no point right say everything especially with respect to economics if you are just going to blindly memorize the theory of it there is no use here there will be a lot of real life situations a lot of real life examples that you can apply that will definitely help you out right so first and foremost if we have to get started with understanding what is production and how we do it we should have a basic idea of what is production right so when you hear the word production now production is not an English word that is very new to you right you've heard the word production so take a minute right now and try to think to yourself what is the word production even mean yes you learn plants produce their own food right or we see that this battery produces things in a large scale right so can you all tell me yes what does the word produce production mean to produce see do produce okay producing something making something okay creating something I wanted to use an alternative word of produce I don't want you to tell me production means to produce something so what is another word to make or to manufacture very good yes what are the words yes exactly manufacturing to create okay more or less you've got the idea right to provide fine okay very good very good always think of it ask yourself the questions that I ask you in class right so now of course when we talk about production or what does the word production even mean production is nothing but the activity of combining right to produce something or to create something or to manufacture something but it's not as simple as that right so as we all know it refers to the activity of combining material inputs very fancy word right so what are material inputs they are nothing but they could include your raw materials right so raw materials that I require now imagine that I have my own Manufacturing in company right I want to have a garment industry and I want to make T-shirts because I enjoy making t-shirts so what would my raw material be it would be the cotton that I would require right or the cotton threads or the yarn that I would require in order to make my shirts so basically the raw materials or whatever things I would or whatever products I would require for manufacturing my you know product at the end at the end at the end of it is what you understand as material input right input means what is it that you are going to give output means what will I get back in turn right so that is understanding of mean for input and output and here we're talking about to produce a product or an output simple so we know what is production are we all clear I am going very slow with this chapter not because you know that I want to teach you slowly it's just that if you are watching this I would recommend that you understand things clearly right see in most cases I will establish for a lot of students who are here right now now as per rationalized syllabus this particular chapter will not come in your final exam but it is going to be there for your periodic test which is why this chapter is very important for all of you because in your upcoming internal assessments you will get this chapter yes is water a raw material it could be right so if you think about a hydroelectric plant right water is necessary for generating electricity so you could consider that as one among the material inputs that is there yes so now with this ideology of production right let's have a look at this particular part now see I there was one way in which I could directly tell you all the important Concepts right but we also need to understand the important pointers that are there from this particular chapter so the introduction starts we're talking about a description of palampur right now in this particular case students I want all of you right and I need all of you to highlight these points right they talk about how palampur is well connected with the neighboring Villages and towns right and we see that they have weathered roads that connects them and we see that it connects them to a small town which is shahpur right and we also see that there are various kinds of Transport which is visible on the road and you can list all of these down now along with this what I need you to highlight please highlight with this with me because I'll tell you what kind of questions you can get now we know that there are about 450 450 families that live in palampur which all belong to different castes and of course we know that there are 80 upper class and a majority of them own land there and we also see that the houses are made of brick and some cement Plastering while on the other cases there are some families wherein we see that they have smaller houses which are made of mud and straw and now we see that they have electric connections which you know provides power to tube Wells and small businesses and we also see that there are primary schools where there are two of them and one high school we see that there is a primary health care center and we also see that there is a dispensary which is run by the government now the pointers that I have highlighted are very important I'll tell you why because you can get a good five more question from this particular part just on this particular part you can get a good five mark question where they can ask you right State any five reasons okay state any five reasons as to why palampur can be considered as a developed Village right or a developing Village so in this particular case right if they ask you this question you need to write you know from here you get five points right and here they have mentioned it as well in this the description above shows that palampur is a fairly well developed Village which has good system of Roads it has transport electricity and you need to mention this right so as we all know this right here is going to be important because this looks like something we like skipping this is a story why should I write about this this is not going to be important right so that's why we tend to skip this part so as and when I take this chapter I'm also going to be telling you all the important questions that they will ask you from this particular topic right so now we have a good idea of what are all the facilities that are available in palampur yes so here this could be a long answer question that you can get so now let's understand a little bit more right let's understand a little bit more about how does production happen right so now we know that production is basically there is some material input and we're able to produce or manufacture something or get an output so how are we able to do it right so if the aim of production is to get Goods and services that we want then there will be some requirements right so as we all know there are going to be certain requirements that we need for production it is not that you know without this is you know I mean it's it's not going to be that or raw material is there and finally I'm going to get output there are certain conditions that we need to keep in mind right so when it comes to the factors right or the things which are necessary for production we call them as factors of production right so what are all the factors that are necessary for production so we know that one factor is land second factor is labor third factor is capital and the last factor is entrepreneurship so let's start with the first one which is lat and let's do this with an example okay now with my students I'm sure some of you from my eighth grade class who've watched my session on manufacturing Industries have come right have you I mean the chapter Industries you have come to 9 standard and you are watching my class now much later with my previous batch of students I had decided to open up a factory how many of you remember what my factory was going to be called how many of of my regular students yes exactly it was called ganga Industries due to lack of creativity I came up with the name ganga Industries right now what was ganga Industries doing ganga Industries here was manufacturing clothes right and I wanted to manufacture T-shirts because that's what I enjoy now if I want to have ganga Industries or ganga garments or whatever it is going to be now what is it that I need to do I need to have a factory right let's assume I want to have a factory now if I want to have a factory whether it is to build a factory or whether I want to do farming or whether I want to you know maybe open up a shop right or maybe I want to open up a school or whether I want to open up anything as a matter of fact what would I require here I would require land right so land because comes the first requirement in this particular case yes so we know that along with land we also require other natural resources right we know that access to water access to you know certain raw materials that are there these are all necessary so land becomes the first requirement and of course in this particular chapter we're going to explain more and more about how land is necessary now the next thing that we require right is labor now what do we mean by labor now can you tell me what is it that you understand by the word labor or we know that there is a laborer who is helping me build my house or there is a laborer who's going to help me with running my factory right so who are laborers try to understand it quite literally right because birds are not new to us exactly somebody who is helping out I mean somebody who's doing the work for us okay somebody who's helping us somebody who does the task a skilled worker very good right so basically laborers are people who will do the work yes so who are they people who will do the work Now understand that when it comes to this work right work here could be skilled work yes now for example if you have to teach biology or if I have to teach economics I need to be skilled enough to teach you economics or biology right but at the same time if I have to be a construction worker right or let's say that I want to maybe do some I'm ready to do some day-to-day jobs right so at this particular point in that case does my degree matter at this point I need to be able to do the job right so there are some jobs which could or involve unskilled work as well right so we know that there are people who are necessary to do manual work there are people who are necessary to do skilled work also right so both in this case we know that there are some work which is skill there is some work which can be categorized as unskilled also right to all my students who are very new I welcome you to the class I welcome you but now all of you need to pay attention I have not at all told you what is an entrepreneur so you hold on that because I have just reached Point number two which is uh understanding how land and how labored plays or are important factors right so I am still in the second point now the third point that I'd like to stress upon is capital right so when you understand by the word Capital what is it that you understand don't tell me Mom Capital means it is a city which is the capital of the state but economics way what do we mean by the word Capital there's an image that is supporting you and helping you yes you can take a screenshot no problem I'll be towards aside money okay Finance first thing right first thing that we know whenever we talk about whenever we talk about Capital PESA right every time it is equal to money but understand that Capital at all times is not only money right see when I talk about Capital I'm just going to remove this particular part capital is basically it's a broad term right it's a very broad umbrella term which talks about how it could be anything that will give the person and a value or an advantage right so how can I say Capital could basically be a broad term which gives me as an owner some advantage or maybe some value right so which is why we see that we have two types of capital yes so what are the two types of capital let's understand it better but before we go into that we need to understand this term which is physical capital right so when we talk about physical capital we see that it refers yes to the variety of inputs required at every stage of production students if you have your textbooks please put a star Mark right please put a star mark because this is also a very commonly asked question so physical capital refers to the variety the different types of input that goes into production now what are the two kinds you have fixed capital and working capital right so when we talk about fixed Capital we see that fixed capital is a type of physical input that remains for a long period of time right so for example if I want to start a shop right or if I want to start a factory I will require some machines and tools doesn't mean that every month on month I will buy new new machines and I'll keep throwing my old machine no it is a one-time investment that is there right but at the same time and you know working capital that comes right fixed means one time and it stays for a long period of time working means we know that this incor includes your raw materials it includes your money which is utilized right so whether it's your raw materials you will use it and then you need more raw materials now same thing with money you will spend that money on maybe buying raw materials or maybe paying your workers and then of course you need to raise more money right which is why here we see that working capital is including your raw materials and money so Robert so in this case we see that this is a broad difference between the two but along with this there is a third type of capital as well can any of you tell me what would be the Third Kind of capital that brings your fixed and your working capital together yes exactly papya exactly yes what would be the Third Kind of category exactly very good students very good who brings your fixed Capital like your buildings and your machines and your raw materials together it is your humans right so we see that we call this as a human capital now of course I'm not going to get into this aspect of it because we learn more about it in the second chapter so this is something we are going to leave a little untouched at this point right but understand that human capital that is there is also necessary to bring these two together yes okay all right everybody all right now one very important question that you need to write is they can ask you explain what explain physical capital and its times right so here if you get it you can get this for three marks right so students everybody this right here is going to be very very important this is the second most important question that can come from this particular topic right okay yes uh nilakshi I know that that might not be there but you can check the money and credit session which is there on the channel that will help you out right yes Mom you Mom in my textbook human capital is a separate Factor it is a separate factor and we will learn more about it it's basically how humans are used as human resources right yes are we all clear so far are you all with me mentee is not there okay are we all clear give me a quick thumbs up so that we can move on to the last part right see now as we all know right as we all know when you think about it you have land you have your workers you have money right but if it has to be successful you need to have an idea of how to develop and organize a business right and that's what we call as entrepreneurship who is an entrepreneur an entrepreneur or a businessman rather because I'm not very good with the business terminologies of it but an entrepreneur is somebody who has the ability to Envision a business for example right let's think about the times when let's think about it in maybe uh let me give you an easy example that you're able to understand okay so let's think about during covet time right so during covert time what happened you were not able to go to schools right and then of course you know that when you are not able to go to school you had to have a different mode of learning and teaching right which is why in your schools also if you see there were softwares which were developed right softwares which were developed by which you were able to you know attend school online yes so we see that at that point the problem was students were not able to physically be present in school so what do we do to help them out right so you add yes you had us you had you know your softwares like meat and many other which I'm not going to spend a lot of time for but a lot of apps were developed right and see eventually at one point what is happening you are not only able to so let me give the example there right so here you are able to solve problems and you are able to make sure that it helps many people right so that is the goal and a vision of an entrepreneur same way when you think about it in a very easy manner like let's think about the time when maybe a phone wasn't invented right when you had a mobile phone we know that many people out there we know that they were using landlines but there were a lot of problems in the sense that people felt like hey how about we make people's life better and we give them a compact phone which they can carry around everywhere so then what did they do they made that into a prop there was a problem right or a problem statement I would say not problem need not always be negative like oh things are going bad and I need to solve it could also be that hey we have this how about how about I make this better than what it is already right it is not always that something is going bad it could also be how can I just make something existing even better right so when you talk about an entrepreneur or an entrepreneurship it's the ability to make it into a business tomorrow if ganga garments has to be successful I should be able to make sure that gangaka got all the t-shirts made by ganga garments goes to different parts of the country many people buy it so that I can produce more and more right yes landline was only there I had a phone when I was like in uh College I think till then I didn't have a phone or maybe yeah I had like I think when I was in 11th or 12th yes anyway right yes I know I was trying to advertise my own ganga Industries bad right so now of course everybody this is just an added pointer this is just an added pointer for all of you right so this was the intent now of course before I go ahead with it I have a quick question for all of you right money is a fixed Capital true or false to this yes mom is working capital or physical capital yes it is a type of physical capital what are physical capitals it's nothing but the inputs that you put into it so that you get output right everybody's telling me Mom it is false if it is false why is it a fixed capital if it is not a fixed Capital then what is it waiting for your answer if it is not a fixed Capital then what is money right exactly money here is not a fixed Capital but rather it is a working capital so now we have understood about all the four factors of production right now this right here is also going to be very important because they can ask you a question so whatever we've discussed so far you can get another question which says State any four requirements necessary for production of goods right so I'm just writing I mean I have the questions written on my tab here but I also make it a little easy so that I've just written it down but this right here could easily come for four marks right so you will have to elaborate on land you will have to elaborate on labor and in capital you'll have to mention physical capital types right yes you will have to mention it in great detail so are you all clear with it are you all clear because now we're gonna elaborate a little bit more right we're gonna elaborate a little bit more on each of this right so now we learned about a broad overview but let's understand let's understand each of these three in great detail so that we can go into a little bit more about the how we produce but also about the why we produce right so now of course when you talk about production right now let me go back and ask you this question now why are we talking about producing these goods and services why is it that we need to think about producing clothes or why is it that we need to think about building houses or why is it that we need to think about you know producing food and cultivating food right so why is it that I have to do all of this yes can you have tell me why are we talking about it to lead a good life right or to fulfill our needs yes very good it's necessity for survival exactly not to protest but to protect right see one thing you need to understand is that way back when we were not you know before when we had the kind of life that we did early man in itself right they do a little bit of production by himself for example in order to protect himself you know that he got all the raw materials he bought board he bought Stone he made weapons so that he could you know protect himself and he could go and Hunt food and he could bring it along with that whenever he needed to make sure that he has food he will secure the food and he will keep it right so he was there by in uh you know what you see over a period of time we see that he was able to protect himself and he was able to survive but we also know that after one point when early man who was a nomad right that means he went from one place to another in search of food and shelter but when he decided to settle down right which means that when he decided to settle down what did he start practicing can you tell me what is it that he started to practice because when he settled down it brought not the Advent of Dash right what did it bring can you tell me exactly very good or simran pragati all of you papya exactly it brought into agriculture right and see agriculture is not again something that is very new to us right from our lower grades we've been learning about agriculture so what is agriculture it is a branch of science that deals with cultivating crops at a large scale along with livestock to again fulfill our needs or to fulfill the commercial needs right so we see that in the case of our village right so we'll go back to our story in the case of our village palampur we see that mainly we observe that there are farming activities which are in place and there are some non-farming activities also right so in this case if You observe let me go back to your textbook and if you have your textbook you can highlight this part we see that in the case of in our village palom poor 75 percent of the people here are dependent on farming for their livelihood right and we also see that they many of the people who are there and many of the villagers who are there we see that these Farmers could be Farmers or they could be Farm laborers also Now understand that although we see that there is farming or majority of people are dependent on farming we also see that there is some constraint in raising the farm production okay so you want to stop at this point and we're going to add understand a little more what is your problem you tell me and pay attention in class right otherwise you don't pay attention in class and you are not you can leave I'm not forcing you to stay but I need your attention here if you are here so first and foremost we see that 75 that is there right so we know that 75 of the population who are here are dependent on Farming and we call such a society as an agrarian society yes what do we mean by an agrarian society we see that an agrarian society is a society whose economy right we see that it's an economy who is dependent on agriculture now when you think about our country also we know that majority of our population is also still dependent on agriculture right exactly so palampur is also an example of an agrarian society where 75 of the population is dependent on agriculture now we saw that in palampur's case we see that there is some constraint in raising Farm production now what do we mean by this right so in this particular case we see that in palampur the area the land that is there is fixed right it is not that there is going to be a extra land that is there so we see that land under area or land area under cultivation is practically fixed and since 1960 this has been the case where there's been no expansion in the case of land under area of cultivation constraint means restriction right there is some boundary there is a restriction which means that if this is my area of palampur yes and they say that 60 of this area or let's say 50 of the area in this Village has been dedicated for your agriculture right now this 50 is not going to change okay 50 is fixed yes are we all clear then of course we see that of course over a period of time within the area what did the people do maybe some you know based plant areas or maybe some unculturable areas they kind of converted it right so they kind of converted it in that manner so now of course as we all know we see that there exist no scope of increasing Farm production by bringing new land okay so even though they try to do all of that there was no scope to bring in new life okay now see students I'm very S I can say that lot of you here are getting distracted and I don't know why in case if you want to watch it later you watch it later but if you're in live class you pay attention that's all that I'm asking you okay Mom fixed land means every person has some hectares of land and they can't increase it see fixed land yeah yes and no right so fixed land means that they have some amount of land that is allocated to them and there could be cases where you say for example if I want to go and buy some land also I can do that but basically in a area of the whole village that percentage of land that gets dedicated is more or less fixed right yes let me just get to that part right as simple as that so now of course as we all know this is what we understand by it that means that your land that you want to do Agriculture and is more or less fixed so what can I do now demand of course over a period of time we know that demand in agriculture increased right we know that there has been an increasing demand so is there any way in which I can grow more crops with the same amount of land right we always think that more crops is equal to more land right more crops is equal to more land now they are asking us is there any possibility that I can do more crops but with the same amount of land yes or no now this is a very important Point Green Revolution Green Revolution everybody is telling me but there are various traditional ways or simpler ways in which earlier they were trying to achieve it right so that is where we see that there are certain techniques which are incorporated into it such as multiple cropping development of electricity and irrigation systems that are there so let's get started with understanding about cropping systems so when we talk about agriculture we need to go back into cropping so here if you all understand and if you've been very regular in my class you know that cropping system is something that I've taught you quite a little bit in detail right so now of course at this particular aspect right so when we talk about cropping system in village of palampur we see that they don't leave land idle right so I can say that no land is left idle that means that if there is a piece of agricultural land okay everyone are you all able to see me everything is good okay sorry students there was a slight glitch in my end yes thank you so as we all know when we talk about farming okay thank you so much when we talk about farming right we know that in the case of palampur we know that they don't leave any land idle right that means that they utilize their land well so in this particular case what happens we know that there are different cropping Seasons we know that there is Cardiff cropping season and Robbie cropping season now we already know about tariff and Robbie now what do we mean by tariff crops cariff crops are those crops which are sown during the rainy season right and we know that they are harvested around October November time while rabi which is why we often call them as your Monsoon crops or your you know Monsoon crops that are there now your Robbie crops that are there are normally your winter crops which are sown during the winter season right so when in the case or in the village of palampur what they do is normally during tariff season they grow Barger uh bajra and Joel right and they see that these particular plants are used as cattle feed okay which means that these are food for the cattle but along with that we see that around the along the lines of the rabi season they grow wheat and they grow potatoes also now along with that we see that whatever syrup so whatever they manufacture right especially in the case of wheat whatever is Surplus now what is Surplus Surplus is nothing but whatever is extra right whatever is extra they will sell it to the small towns that are there nearby now along with this we also see that sugar cane is also grown once in a while and it is told to Traders also so we also see that sugar cane is normally done so what they do we see that now one or two crops are grown in one particular season but along with the same time in order to increase their production right they are also resorting towards multiple cropping now what do we understand as multiple cropping multiple cropping is one way of increasing the production where they grow two main crops right so we see that when they grow two or more main crops two main crops on the same piece of land along with maybe growing potatoes or whatever we call this as multiple croppings right so we see that multiple cropping is one aspect where they utilize the land better yes so this is one aspect of it but now if they want to do multiple cropping there are various other conditions that need to do right or various other conditions that they need to satisfy so for this I'm going to go back a little bit to your textbook right so how is it that if they want to achieve multiple cropping and they are successful in achieving multiple cropping how are they able to do it two very important pointers here yes so first and foremost we see that they have a well developed irrigation system please highlight this point in your textbook and along with that we see that electricity came early to the city I mean to the Village of palampur so electricity and irrigation are very very important right now how is this important from this only we can understand right we know that when electricity is there we know that it also has the ability um to install systems of irrigation and we know that earlier of course there were Persian wheels and various traditional tools that were used but now of course when we use irrigation methods we know that from water from Wells and everything can be extracted in order to irrigate and we also see that Electric Run tube Wells can also be there that means that now if there are crops which are either dependent so maybe even in a non-tariff season I am able to grow a Cardiff crop right because in tariff season the water requirement is very high but I'm still able to fulfill it because of how much water I'm able to give right so now of course in this particular case right what do we understand development of electricity plays a very important role because it supplies power for all tube bells and along with that development of well irrigated systems is important now why was it such a huge attraction or why are we focusing so much on this irrigation system can any of you tell me why is it that we are focusing on irrigation systems because in our assumption every part of our country should have irrigated systems right or irrigation systems is that the case does every part of our country have well developed irrigation system yes or no is what I want you to answer water is important okay yes yes Ranjit can we have a look at the chat please I think we need to keep an eye yes no yes no okay many of you are focusing at no right see understand that across different Villages right you see that there are different levels of irrigation now first and foremost we know that there are some you know Villages which have which are close by to Rivers there are fertile soils so on and so forth but there are some Villages where access to water is also very difficult right which is why we see that irrigation systems play a very important role because it also helps in improving the productivity or it also helps in getting good amount of crops right so with this what do we understand we understand that there are various techniques which can be employed but again if you see all of this right moves a little bit along the lines of traditional techniques now when you talk about traditional techniques I'm not even talking irrigation system now think about the crop production and management chapter when we learned about traditional tools right so when we learned about traditional tools whether it was for uh blowing of soil I mean preparation of soil or whether it's for sowing of seeds or whether it's for irrigation what was one of the biggest disadvantage of traditional methods can you tell me what are some of the biggest disadvantage of traditional methods yes so we know that in the case of traditional methods we know that they are heavily yes so we know that they are heavily dependent on manual labor right so we know that they were heavily dependent on manual labor we know that in the case of irrigation there was a lot of wastage of water exactly so we know that there was wastage of water right and we know that it was pretty time taking exactly it was time taking but more than that can you say that there was high productivity right can I say that I was high productivity or should I say that it was less productivity yes High productivity or low productivity exactly very good hosta there was low production right so less production was happening in this particular case or rather I would say that there was low yield okay important word coming in low yield which is why we saw that post 1950s 1960s there was a transformation towards modern methods of farming right so we saw that there was a transition into modern methods of farming for higher yield yes now before I tell you about what are the modern methods and everything we need to have an understanding of what do we mean by the word yield right so what is the word yield mean now yield refers to the quantity of production in one hectare of land or simply if I have one hectare of land right how many crops am I able to produce am I getting good number of healthy crops that means I have good yield but if I'm getting less number of healthy crops and some of them died or some of them didn't even germinate some of them you know are unhealthy and unusable then we mean by the fact that it is low yield right so it's just simple but less high yield and low yield now this of course signifies how much production can be made from one unit of land or one piece of land right so of course like I said up until 1960s lot of traditional tools were there less irrigation they were using natural fertilizers like your manure they were also using natural traditional methods of irrigation lot of inputs were there right a lot of manual labor but something happened around the 1960s right so what happened around the time of 1960s which you all have been asking me from that time yes what happened around that time exactly very good Rajesh very good yes Green Revolution happened right so what is this Green Revolution that happened around the late 1960s that kind of transformed the life of farmers so what happened around this time modern methods came into the picture and the way we started approaching farming changed quite a bit right so we see that Green Revolution refers to the set of technological advancement so now no longer are we developed I mean no longer are we just focusing on the manual aspects of it we're incorporating technology that is there right and we see that the technological advancements that were made in agriculture such that we were able to increase production by introducing things as hyv seeds fertilizers and of course Modern Machinery like your Threshers and tractors right so when of course we learned in our previous chapter in grade eight science when we learned crop production and management we saw that for every step that we do in agriculture there was a traditional way of doing it and there were modern tools which were implemented right so which is why in this particular case we see that this is what we understand as Green Revolution so everybody you can take a quick screenshot if you want to and Ranjit can we please turn that on thank you yes everybody you can take a quick screenshot are you done shall I come back okay okay so now everybody's quick question is ma'am what are these hyv seeds right h y v here stands for high yielding c a variety Siege right so we see that these are high yielding variety seats okay now we saw that these were not seeds that you traditionally get from the plot but rather these were things that were technologically developed and that provided more yield right so here in this particular case we were getting them from nurseries and Laboratories from where we saw that due to a lot of processes that were implemented these seeds guaranteed that they would give us high yield right which is why we call them as high yielding variety seeds now of course this High yielding variety seeds came at a price right now what did it come with the what is this price that it came so first and foremost in order to cultivate or to grow these high yielding varieties they required a lot of nutrient audience right which is why we saw that there were a lot of chemical fertilizers which were manufactured in a in order to enhance the soil Health now along with that we also saw that this attracted a lot of pests or unwanted insects which is why pesticides were also utilized and of course they needed large amount of water which is why we saw that there were high irrigation facilities which were developed in order to provide regular water supply and adequate water supply right now how does excessive use of tube well cause over irrigation see the word excessive and over in itself go hand in hand right so we see that from the tube Bell what happens we know that that's something I'm also going to get to but we see that it depletes the groundwater right so we know that this was something which was necessary and as we all know we got high yield out of it and especially States like haryana Western uttar Pradesh they were the first among the states to implement High yielding varieties and we also saw that they we saw that there was a peak in how much wheat that was manufactured right so in this particular case if you look at palampur also we saw that the yield from of wheat was pretty high so earlier from traditional varieties so in your textbook you can highlight this point from traditional varieties they got about 1300 kgs per hectare of land right but with high yielding varieties we saw that they got about 3200 almost double the amount from per hectare of land right so now we saw that with this particular case they built a large Surplus that means there was a lot of extra that they were you know manufacturing and there was a lot of extra that they were producing which means that with all this extra they could sell and they could make money in the market right so this right here are the ways in which modern farming methods were implemented but of course like I said it came with a price right so there was an impact of Green Revolution on the environment because we are using chemical pesticides chemical fertilizers and we are over irrigating which means the usage of all these chemicals started having an impact on the soil Health right because you know soil has natural microbes soil also produces its own nutrients by the process of decomposition in and if you ask if you add chemicals to it it of course affects the chemical nature right or the chemical balance and all those microorganisms will not be able to survive now somebody was asking me Mom how is it that over usage of tube well will cause over irrigation see you understand that when you say that I am irrigating the land where am I getting this water from water is coming from the ground level only right or from the ground water that is there or your water table now the more and more you keep pumping it to irrigate we see that the more and more water gets depleted so again like I said the usage is much much higher than how much well you know is available and see with water we always get confused with one aspect mom 75 70 of the Earth is filled with water still you are telling me that we are struggling with water shortage right and this is a very important topic that we will cover in 10 standard underwater resource and we'll understand water scarcity now here we are talking about the usable water that is there right so usable water is getting depleted over a period of time which is why we need to have Smart irrigation systems right so I think Rajesh was telling me mom even when you're implementing irrigation we should have Smart irrigation system so can you tell me one such irrigation system that we have already learned about in our lower grades can you tell me eighth grade maybe learned about an irrigation system which conserves a lot of water right exactly it is drip irrigation yes very good so drip irrigation ideally is what is going to be necessary more than your sprinkler I would like okay it is recommended to have drip irrigation so now of course students very quickly just give me one minute I will tell you some important questions that will come from this particular topic right so from this topic of course they will ask you the importance of irrigation facilities right why is it that irrigation facilities are necessary for increasing production and they will also talk about the importance of uh you know Green Revolution they'll ask you to write down at least a short note on Green Revolution and they'll ask you the demerits of Green Revolution yes so very quickly before I go ahead right are we all clear differentiate between Merit means Advantage demerit means disadvantage simple as that okay yes any doubts right any doubts so far I hope there are relevant doubts ma'am harmful effects of green rub yes that can also be a question right ma'am can you write it down okay I have it with me on the tab here why is it necessary to raise irrigation facilities or why is it important to have irrigation facilities then they'll ask you write a short note on the importance or they can say relevance of green Revolution third one could be what are the D merits of Green Revolution they can ask you what are the negative effects of Green Revolution negative impact so on and so forth ma'am what is fixed Capital fixed capital is basically the Gap a capital right or the input that you are putting that will be there for a long period of time like your tools and all of that is an example of fixed capital definition for Green Revolution it is basically all the technological reforms that are implemented into agriculture for high yield right it's as simple as that yes not SS Ms I think Ms swaminathan started Green Revolution what are factors for production land we learned about how land is necessary we learned about how labor is necessary capital and types of capital right we learned about it mom um Okay one minute some questions are going beyond what I'm able to see so let me just open it in my phone drip irrigation array we learned it in eighth grade right so we have nozzles that will put the nozzles or small you know pointy I mean nozzles that are there which will drop it drip by drip near the uh root tips okay uh ma'am can you write green I will show you see Gita rewind it back Green Revolution uh definition is there right asked me relevant questions okay uh ma'am Green Revolution in short terms I have explained it already do we need to learn production chart no that's just for my reference that I am teaching you right okay shall we move on shall we all move on right so now of course as we all know disadvantage of Green Revolution as we all know I have written it right here right disadvantage of Green Revolution ma'am question I will do that particular class as well don't worry see I'm this is just a teaching class but I'll also be taking super 30 class for this particular chapter as well a lot of questions are there which will definitely help you out right shall we all move on to the next aspect of it yes where we're going to talk about who all are involved in production right now before I go ahead with this how about we take a one minute water break right shall we take a one minute water break where we'll stretch our arms and legs you know we'll move our hands right little exercise we will do so that we are able to you know refresh a little bit right so I'm just gonna give you a small water break yes quick water break for me also because what not we've been studying continuously but my intent is that if you're sitting one hour in my class I want to make sure that you feel confident about this chapter right so feel confident about this chapter and then we shall move ahead okay so now at this point I'm going to give you two minutes water break and then I'm going to be back okay thank you all right everybody we are back yes we are back from our break right yes okay are we ready shall we move on to the last part huh what is everybody doing nobody's going to pay attention to that right now okay now we're back I need all of you to not digress and go having random conversations I'll give you a quick break right so that I could also drink some water because I was also feeling very thirsty are we ready Josh is back because we're left to the last parts of it okay the last parts of it is actually quite interesting part which is left where we're going to discuss a little bit about who all are involved in this production how is all this money getting distributed how are they involved now let me tell you one aspect about it now the portion that I'm going to teach you right now trust me you will learn this particular portion as two different chapters in your 10 standard right so this is something you need to pay close attention to so that you get a basic idea 10th me you will learn more about it when we do sectors of Indian economy when I talk to you about money and credit you learn about a lot of interesting things like that right so I need all of you to pay attention to the next aspect of it I will try my best chaitanya I think Monday but till then please kindly don't spam in the live chat so now of course we've learned a little bit about land and now we've understood how we can utilize the land and what all different ways in which we can do it right but now of course when we talk about land distribution yes so now we've only spoken about how to utilize the land but here we're also going to be talking a little bit more about land distribution so here I'm going to go into this very aspect and I'll have two slides from your textbook we're talking about land distribution in in I mean in palampur right so when you talk about land distribution we know that ideally when we think about land distribution we think that you know it's all very equal right land is distributed equally amongst all Farmers absolutely not right so as we all know when we talk about land distribution it is kind of an in what do you say we know that it is not it is uh in not indiscriminate but unequal distribution right or inequitable distribution that is there so in palapur what do we see and this is again a question they will ask you if it is blur please increase the brightness in your screen right so we know that in this particular case we know that in palampur about one third of the 450 families are landless think about it one third of the 450 families that means 150 families are landless that means that they have no land for cultivation while we see that the remaining families that are there so let's write this down in easy words we don't need fancy word for us right so we have a total of 450 families in in in our in palampur yes now in this what do we see when we say no land around 150 families do not have or they do not own any land right now at the same time when you talk about small plots right so that means that they're not very big less than two hectares of land we see that only about what you say we see that about 240 of them have small plots right and along with that let me move on to another part we see that there's my highlighter yes in palampur there are 60 families of medium and large Barbers who cultivate more than two hectares of land and even a smaller percentage that have bigger lands as well so what do we understand at this point right write it down in this manner see instead of design you know blindly reading it out there you can write it down Point wise on the side so from this what do you understand we understand that when it comes to cultivated area right we see that around more than 50 55 percent of the areas if you have total 100 as land under agriculture more than 55 comes under medium semi-medium and large Farmers that means their area of land is greater than two hectares but when you look at marginal and small farmers they own only 44 or 44.6 percent of the land but what is it that I want you to focus on look at the number of farmers we see that majority farmers in palampur almost 85 percent belong to your marginal sector while less than 15 15 off or less will belong to medium semi medium and large right so now of course let's understand this bifurcation a little more clearly your marginal Farmers first of all are people who have less than one hectare of land small farmers less than to two hectares or one to two hectares of land then what about semi medium it is about two to four hectares of land what are medium 4 to 10 hectares of land then you have large farmers who have huge pieces of land so let me go back to this right because this particular chart is very very important okay now my question to all of you right let's assume this is hundred percent this is all the land you can do agriculture in right this is all the land you can do agriculture it but in this particular case what do You observe we see that almost 55 okay this is 55 point something four percent I guess which is belonging to your semi medium medium and large Farmers right that means that people who own more than right or let me say let's say more than two to four hectares of land right that means they own large areas of land yes we see that they constitute this 55.4 but if you look at how many people come in that category of owning that much land it's only 15 that means that in 100 people only 15 people think about it you have 100 people 15 people alone own more than 55 five percent of the land that means 55 acres of land in 100 acres is owned just by 15 people while remaining whatever 44.6 or you know hectares of land I'm converting it into easy one right over 85 people own this small percentage are you getting this are you able to understand this part that 15 people own large areas while more than 85 people are ruining a smaller percentage that means in this category of people right will they have big plots of land no but rather what will happen all of them will own small and smaller pieces of land and over a period of time right over a period of time what happened imagine this is a guy called go with right he owned this piece of land he has two children so what happened after his death this one single piece of land that was there right so in this whole thing we saw that this small piece of land was owned by gobit who has two sons so now what will happen this piece of land will further get bifurcated so now I'm going to go back to a comp go back to a concept you would have learned in geography right that is subsistence farming right what is subsistence farming how many of you remember this word subsistence farming if you pay attention in my class I'm sure you will never forget it right tenth me again you will learn subsistence farming right now what are subsistence forming in a small piece of land you see that high intensity cultivation takes place right so pretty much and what is the whole point of doing that so that they are able to suffice themselves right they are able to provide whatever they need for them and they try their mess to make Surplus so that they're able to do some trading also great action I will be your friend so you pay attention in my class okay so now of course from this we understand that there are various types of land ownership and this has a huge impact right because people who have also that 15 people I told you owning majority of the land we see that they have house they have land they have irrigation facilities that means they have money to get irrigation facilities and tractors and all this modern you know things that are necessary and along with that because they have so much land no they not only produce Agri you know products for themselves but they are also able to reap profit that means from so much land they will be able to sell it they'll get lot of money they will use all that money next year to cultivate it once again so we see that this profit is used to generate more money or Capital so that they can keep making more and more but what is happening to our remaining 85 people that were there they are our marginal farmers and small farmers owning very small pieces of land and they are not getting enough profit which is why what will happen sometimes the amount of money that they do right I mean whatever work that they do they'll not be able to make so much Surplus that they'll go sell in market and get money they might get little extra but what is what ends up happening we see that they end up they may end up going to some informal sources of credit so what will they do they will go and they will reach out for loan because they are not able to make Surplus sell money and get enough right they need to probably take a loan so that they in the hope that if I borrow this money from maybe somebody right and you're missing informal because it is not under the government right it is not under the government yes so in this particular case what do we see we see that they'll end up borrowing money thinking that oh I will borrow money from this guy so assuming I'm borrowing money from Ankita okay you know what I didn't make enough money now but if I take one ten thousand rupees extra from Ankita ma'am and I buy this High yielding variety and if I buy one you know fertilizer maybe I will get more crops and then I will be able to sell it right so I'll be able to do that so at that point what happens they end up getting subjected to loan right now this particular aspect of credit and loan we learn about the ups and downs of it but normally what happens is that it can be both good and bad so here is a case study which is there in your textbook which is much later right about Savita who's a small farmer now she has planning to she's planning to cultivate around wheat and one hectare of land right now what is the reason here is that what do we observe we see here that apart from fertilizers and pesticides she requires water and she needs to repair her instruments also right now she thinks that all of this together will require some 3000 rupees but she does not have money so what does she do she'll go to one bigger farmer whose name is tej pal Singh okay so tej Paul will be like fine I'll give you this 3000 rupees that you need but you have to give me Interest now we've learned about interest right now what is interest it is basically a percentage of the amount of money that gets added to whatever I am lending you right so here we see that he's selling I'll give you 3000 rupees but you also have to give me 24 right you have to after four months of a four month months you it will be charged for 24 so four months May every month 24 is being charged very high rate normally in Banks it will be maybe five maybe eight but now what do we see we see that it's going up to 24. government is not getting involved here the H Paul is quoting whatever he feels like I want extra money I will make money like this right so now what what will happen Savita also needs a farm laborer to help her and he she has to pay him also so all in all you see right we see that the wage is also pretty low so at this point what do we see it's a pretty tough condition so in this case most Farmers that are there we see that they get trapped in these interest rates because farmers are not aware right see when you're in a city or when you're in a town you realize that you can go to a bank or you can go to a government interested place right or a government trusted place to borrow this money but in villages and everything we see that lot of awareness is still pending or sometimes banks are only not there for them to go which is why they feel like okay if I ask this guy I know him he's a very big person in the village maybe he will help me you know they're very simple-minded and they're very you know very innocent and pure at heart like that right but there are some people who may take it in the wrong way and end up charging so much more interest so at this point if she's borrowing 3000 rupees and he's charging 24 interest and plus she has to spend all of this what is she going to get for herself nothing right at the same time it will become a vicious cycle which will go on and on and on right so we see that at this point since there is no legal recognition sometimes there could be some in what do you say there could be some extreme cases right so as we all know it could be that at one point they may end up seizing the land and the property as well so this right here is one question that you need to understand right what is the difference between a person who is a big farmer or a large-scale farmer was a small scale and marginal farmers are we all clear with this yes are you all clear give me a thumbs up these are two very important basic understanding if you have I'm telling you 10 standard becomes very easy you'll score 20 out of 20 I mean out of an 80 Mark Paper 20 out of 22 you will definitely get in your uh this one economics part yes are we all clear everyone did you all fall asleep in the live class has everybody fallen asleep telling Mom yet but these are all very you know relevant things that's happening around us right see these are awesome stories of the past or anything these are things that are happening and at this point as students if you are made aware right tomorrow if you want to become an officer of change right then this will definitely help you yes ma'am no chat is allowing us to send message oh okay it's okay come back and watch see this is for your benefit only one of all the Sleeping class I can't do anything later on in 10 standard you will only come crying to me telling Mom it's so tough when I'm ninth I would have made it easy for you right I always tell you I help you at every time because I don't want to just teach you for that one grade I want to see how that's going to help you later you imagine Crop Production you learned in eighth you learned agriculture chapter in eight how it is going to help you in ninth and 10th trust me it's very simple and easy right clear I've made and I've concise this so that you have an understanding okay so now of course we're going to move into the next aspect right so the next next aspect that we're going to talk a little bit more about is going to be labor now when we thought about Labor right rehma and many others were saying mom not clear I'll take your doubt after I do this point right yes so now when you talk about Labor right we know labor is a very necessary factor for production we know that farmers that are there see you have your small scale big scale Farmers now small scale Farmers they don't have enough money themselves only they only have to do the work but what about these large Farmers right people who own large areas of land do you think they will be the one sitting and you know doing all the work yes or no who do you think would do it in such cases right in the case of large-scale farmers yes we know that in the case of large-scale farmers who have huge areas of land we see that they will employ laborers right so they will require laborers for doing Pharma for doing the process of farming so your medium scale and large-scale Farmers would do the same so now of course at this point we see that this includes your landless people now remember I told you in village of palampur around 150 families one third of the population of families do not have land right they are landless which means if they don't have land they can't practice agriculture so they are dependent or they are going to be laborers right so they will work for daily wages now we may think that wages means how much money you are getting paid but it could also be that these laborers get some meals also this also again differs from region to region type of crop as well and we also see that depending it's not like it's a fixed job right it's not a fixed nine to five job or in my case you know when you look at your teachers they come at eight in the morning they go at four it's fixed for them right fixed employment that is there here it is not fixed at this point there's a lot of it depends from month on month sometimes you know there would be months in which they would have no job maybe they worked only two months in a whole year so there's a lot of difference that happens now there is a comic which is there in your book right so there's a comic which is given and I'd like you to read that comic which is a conversation between Dola and ramkali right so here we see that he says that it's difficult to find work these days only large Farmers want to hire us and that of a limited number of days now here we see that she says gunsham the large formula just bought a harvester also now of course we see that earlier at least I could Harvest but now you know I could help with manual harvesting but gunsham has now gone and bought one Harvester so he doesn't need me anymore which is why last year I worked less than five five months right now at the same time he says we in my case we see that my farmer who I was working for he bought tractor so now what will I do now at this point even removing weeds they are applying some Beady side so they don't need me so she's like this year I might have to you know go for looking into some other job maybe brick making in raiganj and she's and he says that you know what I actually owe money to a local money lender I have to give him 2000 rupees and I have taken a thousand rupees I've taken thousand rupees last summer when no work was available how am I going to repay now she is also at a very tough spot right due to the Past debt the money lenders refuse to give money so now at this point what happens what do we understand we see that there are a lot of things that are happening to these daily wage workers right so we see that first and foremost they are under the mercy of these landlords right so we see that they are under the mercy of landlords they are the mercy of people who will employ them and we see that they can't go out of of job at any point and along with that we see that even the conditions are not very ideal we see that they live under the mercy of their landlords in rural areas sometimes if they don't get proper jobs in their area they're forced to go they're forced to migrate to towns and cities far away and now when they go away from their homes they will have extra expenditure right so apart from just you know earning money for their family back home they will also have expenditure right and we also know that findings sometimes they end up finding some jobs in hazardous workspaces like sometimes in mining and everything which can also be very dangerous to the life right so we see that for landless Laborers there's a lot of conditions which is why much later you will understand that there's a lot of protection schemes which are involved yes so this is one aspect that you will have to keep in mind okay when it comes to laborers because they can ask you this particular question they are not given you an in-depth explanation they have given it to you with respect to a comic but they will ask you right what exactly is there right so they'll ask you how is it that landless laborers what is the situation of landless laborers why are they forced to migrate to cities or towns so they can ask you a two more question in that aspect as well so everybody please keep a point at this yes very good so now we're moving on to the last part of it as to how can we become how can production become a little more labor friendly now at this point we see that if you want to be labor friendly we know that the government has to get involved right so a lot of government policies are there wherein if a laborer does not um you learn about in your higher grades this is just an extra information but normally what do we see is that especially our government policies are involved where in case of a daily wage worker worker does not get a job right they will guarantee that at least 100 days they give them some minimum wages so that he can survive and until he gets a new job and we learn more about it when we talk about sectors in Indian economy where we learned about how there are you know two categories of it yes so now of course everybody wages and salary salaries like a fixed amount right so salary is something where I'm a salaried employee that means that there is a fixed among that's coming to me wages is being paid on a daily basis right not much difference like slight one yes exactly ah this is there in government policies also very good mom do we have to remember the names no you don't have to remember the names but you just they may ask you situation based questions which you need to pay attention to now the last part of it here is of course sale of surplus farm products right so as we all know when in the case of large-scale farmers they have Surplus products which they are able to um Surplus products which they are able to sell and make money out of it but in the case of small scale Farmers they don't they're not have they don't have the ability to build that much Surplus which is why at this point we see that they are dependent or we see that they are dependent on maybe larger Farmers for money right so with this everybody we are done with 90 of the chapter now we are going to the last part of the chapter where we are going to learn about some of the non-farming activities right so it's not that in a village only farming activities happen just that palampur is an agrarian society where 75 is dependent on agriculture while the remaining 25 is focused on non-farming activities right so at this point we see that some of the non-farming activities include Dairy small scale farming shopkeeping and transportation right so when you talk about Dairy farming we know that many people are especially in palampur are involved in Dairy farming people feed their buffaloes with various kind of cattle feed as well so that they are able to be learned right they grow jobber and bajra so that they can make it as cattle feed and then of course whatever milk they get they will sell it nearby so that they are able to make money yes similarly in the case of whether you talk about a small scale manufacturing we know the are a small group of people small scale means it is not a huge manufacturing unit it is a small manufacturing unit where a small amount of people come together and they produce it could be you know it could be like small toys which are being sold just giving you an example but we see that at this point we see that small scale manufacture happens right and we see that less than 50 people are involved in this particular process of manufacture not rarely laborers are hired then of course we have transportation where of course in the beginning we saw that there's access to buses and all of that right we know that there are buses Buller carts and everything and shopkeeping as well where we see that for basic groceries there are shopkeepers who are there but why is these non-farming activities important that is something that they will ask right why are non-farming activities imported because first and foremost as much as farming activities are necessary because they bring in raw materials your non-farming opportunities or your non-farming activities also bring in lot of employment opportunities right if I have a shop I need one shopkeeper to help me out in the case of cattle farming or in case of you know maybe a small scale industry I'm able to employ 40 50 people and it also brings in Services how does quality of life become better not just by having everything even the service that you have right today if you are able to go from one place to another in Auto right if you're able to just use an app and book the auto right or in case if you just want to go to the mall those are all small things that makes life better right it improves the quality of life so we see that it brings in Services as well and along with that we also observe that especially in rural India the digitalization is happening so introduction of all this you know internet and everything makes people a little more aware makes them a little more tech savvy which means that they'll be more aware and connected and of course we know that transport brings in connections right so people are able to there's access to the village that means people are able to come and go so it's not just for people even Goods can be transported as well so everyone with this as promised in one and a half hours I have finished this chapter right so quickly to summarize right what did we learn oh before I summarize here's a quick question for all of you identify the non-farming activities from the following shipping tilling harvesting and retail business right mom does poultry farming come under this see farming here like we said is mainly see again it's not it doesn't say non-agriculture it says non-farming farming deals with Crop Production right so poultry can also come TK two answers are there A and D exactly so shipping and retail business that is there comes under this particular category so of course with this everybody quickly to summarize right we learned about what is production we learned about how we produce we learned about why do we produce then we also learned about who all are involved in production and of course how we can be production friendly then we also learned at the end of how there are farming and non-farming activities and how they benefit us so with this everyone we are going to be signing off so here's a quick homework for all of you where I need you to tell me three negative impacts of Green Revolution right so this is a very simple question which is going to be there for three months so I need you to let me know in the comments of this video now of course students if you enjoyed this particular class you let me know in the comments as well because I've tried my best to make sure that I've summarized simplified this chapter for you because it's your first idea into economics and I don't want you feeling that Mom it's not something I can do right so I've tried to make it as easy as possible so everybody let me know in the comments of this video If you enjoyed it and you know by just 9th and 10th has got you covered no matter what so if you enjoy what we do do not forget to hit the like button on this video and do not forget to hit the Subscribe button and thank you so much for being a part of today's class I will see you all soon but up until then take care lots of love and bye bye bye