back at the University of Maryland infants are brought in at 9 months for the second assessment of the temperament study this time researchers want to measure the emotions of anger joy and fear all aspects of temperament first Jack is allowed to play with a colorful toy then a transparent barrier is put between him and the object of his desire he sees the toy but can't reach it no matter how frustrated Jack feels he won't give up and when he can't do it on his own he tries to charm the researcher into helping him Emily also 9 months is of a different temperament than Jack it seems she's more laidback she gives it one or two tries but then gives up and even when the researcher tries to entice her again she can't be bothered my name is zo Zoe how do you do everyone knows that a puppet show makes children Happy who do we have here today she's awfully cute during in this part of the study researchers want to draw Joy from the babies your name Emily Emily loves the puppets and even tries to join in on the action it's nice to see you here today are you having fun who do we have here today but when the researcher tries the same experiment on Jack he finds the situation anything but joyful Zoe how do you do his temperament is such that he's easily frightened and he will have none of it the minute the puppets are removed he cheers up and is ready for more action next researchers test the baby's reaction when something frightens them not surprisingly Jack is shaken by the scary mask so they bring on the clown mask and this one really pushes him past his limit but Emily is very interested she finds the clown amusing and thinks it's just a continuation of the previous entertainment as for the more ominous mask she just takes it in stride and adopts a wait and see attitude why does Emily react different ly from Jack where does the difference reside to find out Dr Peter Marshall places an EEG cap on Emily the electrodes on the cap will measure the electrical signals produced by her brain in response to a series of sounds a researcher distracts Emily while they get a baseline reading of her brain it's okay then she hears a series of tones the series consists of regular beeps interspersed with other sounds that are how the brain reacts to sudden new stimuli is recorded Emily seems to have more activity in her right frontal lobe this kind of reading is associated with children who have a more subdued personality but what has fascinated researchers is that babies with exuberant temperaments show an exaggerated response on the other side of the brain in the left frontal lobe smiling big in after test this groundbreaking research has shed light on the neurobiological basis of restraint and exuberance Jack overreacts so much that he won't even allow the cap to be put on it's all right buddy one can only guess what the alpha waves in his left frontal lobe are showing but is emotional temperament constant over time will the temperament that Elizabeth exhibits at 6 months be the same when she is old older will the Curious toddler remain curious forever the lounger The Joker the dreamer the industrious one are they destined to carry these temperament traits into the years ahead and what about the warrior even the shy one to find out researchers at Nathan Fox's lab bring back children previously tested for the final part of the long-term study 24mon Ethan and his mother are introduced to the risk room to see how Ethan reacts to various stressful situations a stranger enters going in this first part of the study what researchers measure is how long it takes for the child if at all to overcome shyness and warm up to the stranger eventually when the so-called stranger pulls out some inviting toys Ethan overcomes his shyness and takes the risk you going to help me clean up once he's comfortable with the stranger they continue with the next part of the study now it's time to play with Toby the robot researchers wanted to find out how children react to unpredictable situations and the toy robot is certainly unpredictable with its noises and sudden movements would you like to come see our cool robot the robot proves too much for Ethan even with his mother by his side should we do something else would you like to play with something else let's put Toby away okay yeah let's say goodbye Toby say byebye Toby byebye Toby for the next part of the study Ethan is tested on a set of stairs to see if he's a risk taker I'm going to jump off of this now you do it the researcher demonstrates and invites Ethan to try but Ethan is a cautious little boy can you jump one foot and then the other he gets over the hurdle in his own way would you like to do that again emboldened by his success he does it again Yay good job upon reflection he turns to his mother my knee hurts your knee hurts can I give it a kiss he wants her to recognize how big a risk he took kiss all better 24mth Raphael who's the same age as Ethan reacts differently he's a child who likes to take risks look he's walking but when the robot arrives he's not such a hero walking uh oh what come see our robotow unpredictable situations which he has no control over terrify 35-month Abby has a totally different temperament she takes charge of the situation and even gives instructions to the researcher before leaping off the stairs when the robot appears Abby is intrigued but only up to a point she needs to hold on to the researcher for courage the final part of this study shows that the amount of risk a child takes depends on their individual temperament and as researchers gather all the findings of this long-term study they expect to find that children who are at the temperamental extremes at 4 months will demonstrate the same Tendencies at 9 months and 2 24 months but does early temperament seal the baby human's emotional fate will their childhood temperament govern their behavior for life