Everyday Sociology Blog: Does N Equal One? Random and Nonrandom Sampling

Introduction

• Author: Janis Prince Inniss
• Date: October 21, 2010
• Main Topic: Discussion of random and nonrandom sampling in sociological research.

Key Concepts

Population vs. Sample

• Population: All cases a researcher is interested in (e.g., all students in a school).
• Sample: A subset of the population used in research.

Importance of Sampling

• Researchers often cannot study entire populations due to size and resources, thus rely on samples.
• Proper sampling allows for generalization from the sample to the broader population.

Types of Sampling

Nonrandom Sampling

1. Accidental or Convenience Samples
   • Selection based on convenience.
   • Example: Handing surveys to whoever is nearby.
2. Quota Sampling
   • Selecting samples in proportion to some population aspect.
   • Example: Ensuring gender representation matches school demographics.
3. Judgment or Purposive Sampling
   • Researcher selects based on specific characteristics of interest.
   • Example: Sampling only students planning to pursue graduate degrees.

Random Sampling

1. Simple Random Sampling
   • Like drawing names from a hat.
   • Alternative: Using random number tables or websites.
2. Systematic Sampling
   • Selecting every nth person from a population list.
   • Example: From 1,000 students, choosing every 10th for a sample of 100.
3. Stratified Sampling
   • Dividing the population into subgroups and sampling each.
   • Example: Grouping by major and sampling within each major.

Critical Thinking

• Consider sample size when evaluating if research findings are representative of the general population.
• Be wary of conclusions based on small or nonrandom samples.

Conclusion

• Sampling is crucial in sociological research for making generalizations.
• Different types of sampling fit different research needs and contexts.
• Random sampling is generally preferred for unbiased representation.

Reflection

• The article highlights the complexity and importance of choosing the right sampling method in research.
• Readers are encouraged to be critical of how samples are chosen in studies they encounter.