[Music] okay now we're going to be moving into article 314 article 314 is going to be our Outlet device junction box basically our box fill calculations all right and so we're going to start here in 314 we're going to start with 3146 16 31416 this is our box fill calculations and these are the rules for our box fill calculations uh 31416 is found on page 195 page 195 and we've got a number of different rules for Boxville calculations and they're going to be found under letter B it says the volumes in 31416 B1 through B6 as applicable shall be added together no allowance shall be required for small fitting such as lock nuts and bushings and then number one down below there we've got conductor fill so this is our rule for conductor fill and so it says each conductor that originates outside the box and terminates or is spliced within the Box shall be counted once and each conductor that passes through the box without a splice or termination shall be counted once so if it originates outside the box and ter terminates inside the box that's a single conductor volume if it passes through the box that's a single conductor volume as well goes on to say each Loop or coil of unbroken conductor not less than twice the minimum length required for free conductors in 300.14 shall be counted twice so the minimum length for free conductors in 300.14 is going to be um 6 in okay and so so twice 6 in is 12 in so if I've got a loop if it's less than 12 in uh it's going to be a single conductor volume if it's 12 in or longer that's going to be two conductor volumes a conductor fill shall be calculated using table 31416 B1 a conductor no part of which leaves the Box shall not be counted so if the conductor originates inside the box and terminates ins Inside the Box it doesn't count at all so that's going to count for a bonding jumper or a um pigtail something like that so bonding jumpers pigtails they originate Inside the Box they terminate inside that same box it doesn't count but if I've got a conductor that comes from outside the box into the box and terminates inside the box that's going to be a single conductor volume if it passes through the box that's going to be a single conductor volume and then small Loops are going to be one conductor volume as well larger Loops 12 in or longer are going to be two conductor volumes so those are the basic rules for that now getting back into here uh we've got number two clamp fill it says where one or more internal cable clamps whether Factory or field supplied or present in the Box a single volume allowance in accordance with table 31416 B1 shall be made based off the largest conductor present in the Box no allowance shall be required for a cable connector with its CL clamping mechanism on the outside so what that says if I've got one or more internal cable clamps that's going to be one conductor volume so if I've got a single conductor or a cable clamp that's going to be a single conductor volume if I've got two cable clamps that's going to be a single conductor volume so it says one or more is going to be one now what do I size those with I size those with the largest conductor that's present in the box so if I've got some tens running in there I've got some tws running in there we're going to size that with the tens uh number three supporting fitting fill where one or more luminer studs or hickeys are present in the Box a single volume allowance in accordance with table 31416 B1 shall be made for each type of fitting based off the largest conductor present in the box so if I've got one Lumin Aire stud or if I have 10 luminary studs is still going to be a single conductor volume all right uh number four device or equipment fill for each Yer strap containing one or more devices or equipment double volume allowance in accordance with table 31416 B1 shall be made for each Yer strap based off the largest conductor connected to a device or equipment supported by that yoker strap uh we don't really use that terminology yoker strap but basically what saying there is any device that's in there a light switch a duplex receptacle right that's all going to be two conductor volumes it goes on to say a device or utilization equipment wider than 2-in device box as described in table 31416 a shall have double volume allowances provided for each gang required for mounting so basically what they're saying is if it's wider than 2 in we're going to double the double right so that's going to be four conductor volumes for a device that's wider than 2 in goes on to say here under number five equipment grounding conductor fill it says where up to four equipment grounding conductors enter a box a single volume allowance in accordance with table 31416 B1 shall be made based off the largest equipment grounding conductor entering the Box a quarter volume allowance shall be made for each additional equipment grounding conductor that enters the Box based off of the largest equipment grounding conductor entering the box so it says up to four is going to be a single conductor volume all right anything other than four if I get more than four for each one over four let's add a quarter volume for each of those all right so typically on the exam you're only going to get up to four you're not going to get any more than that so it's just going to be a single conductor volume for equipment grounding conductor fill all right so if we know how many conductors that we have in there and how many are allowed uh we also need to know information about the boxes themselves so here on page 196 we got a table 31416 a and that's the sizes of our metal boxes and so starting off at the top you've got uh basically the size in millimeters we won't use that the size in inches is what we use and so you got an inch and a/ qu inch and a half 2 and 1 e and we got to pay attention really important the configuration there the round or octagonal that's that first section the second section is square and then the third section is our 4 and 1116 boxes in a square configuration so those are the three sections that we'll hang out with on the exam those round or rectagon the 4in square boxes and the 4 and 1116 boxes you can see it gives you the minimum volume in there and cubic in and then also if all the conductors are the same size uh what we're going to do is we're just going to look up on the table and we can find that in a 4X 2 and8 in square box a four square deep it's 30.3 cubic in but if I'm doing nothing but 14 gauge conductors in there we can have 15 conductors or 15 conductor volumes in there right if everything in there is number 10 uh then we can have 12 I'm sorry uh yes 12 of them all right so we can just look up uh straight on there all right that's fine if all the conductors are the same size but if I have some T and some 12s running into the same box we'll have to manually size those using this table on page 196 bottom of the page there 31416 B1 and this is our volume allowances required per conductors so we'll figure out how many tens we have in there and for each 10 we'll have 2.5 cubic in right and then for each 12 we'll have 2.25 cubic inches per right 14s are 2 cubic inches per and so if we have some 14s running in there and some t for each number 14 we're going to allow 2 cubic inches right and then for each 10 2.5 cubic inches and then what we'll do is we'll go back to the table up there at the top of the page and we'll see okay what size box giv the total volume do I need and so then we hang out in our minimum volume uh column there and figure out which box is going to be adequate for that so let's say we do a calculation we come up with 25 cubic in well then we go down under minimum volume and I can see none of my round ones work uh if I get to my four square I got to get the four square deep before that's going to meet that or I can use that 4 and 1116 by inch and a quarter and so that's the way that we would do that if I have uh more than one size in there all right so when it comes to box fi calculations uh boxes that contain six gauge or smaller conductors can be sized basically to accommodate all the stuff that's going to be in there right and so um we just got to be able to uh accommodate the conductors uh the devices any fittings um any any things like that uh that are going to be in the Box any equipment grounding conductors we just got to have enough room for all that stuff so it's not all crammed in there right so that's not what we want that's overcrowding right and uh we definitely don't want to have that type of situation so when all the conductors in an outlet box are the same size we can use that table up at the top of the page uh to uh figure out basically the number of conductors that we can put into a box or if I've got a number of conductors that I've already need in that box what size box will accommodate them so which 4in Square outlet box would be required for three number 12 th ws and six number 12 THHN now first off on this it doesn't matter what type of insulation that you have in there the fact that their thw W or their th h n that doesn't matter what does matter is that I've got a total of nine number 12 and then we take a look at the question and it says what size 4 in square box do we need okay and so we're not looking for the round ones which is the first section but the actual square ones so what we're going to have to do is we're going to have to look on the table and so here we have how many conductors we've got a total of nine and they're number 12s and so what we're going to do is we're going to go down to number 12 and we're going to go down in that second section until we see the number nines because it asks us about a 4 in square right so I can't use that 4X 288 inch round because the question itself asked me for a square one all right and so the answer that we'd be looking for is a 4 by inch and A2 squar and that would be able to accommodate all of our conductors that we have in there nine 12 gauge conductors how many 14 gauge THHN conductors are permitted to be installed in a 4X inch and a half round and so now they give us the size of the box and they give us uh the size of the conductors and they want us to answer how many that we can put in there right and so we're going to go down to 4 by inch and A2 round we're going to go over to 14 gauge and it tells us we can do seven now our volume of a box is going to be the total volume of its assembled Parts including any plaster Rings rais covers and extension Rings our total volume includes only those parts that are marked with their volumes in cubic inches or included in table 31416 a and so just as a reminder of the rules so again our total box volume is going to be the total of its assembled parts so if I add a plaster ring on there and that plaster ring is stamped with 3.3 cubic in I can add that to the original volume of the Box in this case I had a 4 by inch and A2 Square which is 21 cubic in I add that 3.3 cubic in and now I'm at 24.3 I EXT add an extension ring on there that's it's also 21 cubic in now I've created 42 cubic in so it's a total volume of its assembled parts so if I run out of space I can always add an extension ring on there okay not pretty uh but uh does work and now we've got enough room to accommodate that stuff if I still out of room just keep all in stacking right so um we just definitely uh want to have enough room for all the stuff that's in there our calculated conductor volumes are determined by uh 31416 B1 through B5 those are the individual rules that we were looking at and so just as a reminder um anything that's a uh small fitting like Raceway and cable fittings uh lock nuts bushings they're not counted for box fill calculations uh anything that originates outside the box and terminates inside the box is counted once so here I've got four conductors that originate outside the box and terminate inside the box so I've got four conductor volumes small Loops count for one large Loops count for two and so here I've got one small Loop that's one and I've got two large Loops that's 3 four uh it's one 2 three and then four five right so I got five conductor volumes in the illustration here um pigtails bonding jumpers they originate in the box and they terminate in the box so they're not counted for box fill calculations what's the cubic inch volume for four 12 gauge conductors terminating in a box and two 12 gauge conductors passing through remember items that pass through are counted as um basically a single conductor volume so I've got basically six conductor equivalent the uh four that terminate inside the box and I've got two that pass through I got six 12 gauges right and it's asking the cubic inch volume that's required for those so what we're going to do is we're going to take a look at that table down at the bottom and we're going to say look up 12 gauge and if we look up 12 gauge each 12 gauge conductor occupies 2.25 cubic in per so we're just going to take our 6 * 2.25 that gives us 13.5 cubic in and so we look that up on the table right number 12 or 2.25 and then we just do a little bit of math so internal cable clamps if I have one or more it counts as a single conductor volume now cable connectors with their clamping mechanism outside the box don't count because they're not taking up space within the Box luminary studs luminary hickeys it's one for each type so in this box I've got one luminary hicky and I've got one mounting stem I'm sorry one luminary stud right and so uh we're going to have two conductor volumes in there for those now if I had five Lumin a studs and five luminary hickeys it's still two conductor volumes that mounting stem uh that I alluded to before that is not counted for box fill calculations devices receptacles light switches count for two conductor volumes as long as they're not wider than two in right so even though the physical size of that dimmer is bigger than the single pole light switch right um the both count as two conductor volumes anything that's wider than 2 in like this 50 amp RV plug is counted as four conductor volumes so it's double the double is the way that the wording is on there I don't like the wording on there they just should have said four conductor volumes but that's what they mean all right uh equipment grounding conductors if I have up to four of them they're going to be a single conductor volume if I get over four then we're going to add a quarter for each that's over four okay so now let's take a look at this box so this box everything that's coming into this box is 14 gauge conductors right and so I've got some 143 wire and some 142 wire coming in there and so what we're going to do is we're going to take a look and see exactly how many conductor equivalents we're going to have in this so first off I've got my five conductors right uh so that's 1 2 3 4 five I've got my ground I only count that once right and so that's going to be six I've got my light switch 78 I've got my re receptacle 910 uh and then I've got some internal cable clamps that's 11 so we've got 11 number 14s in there now we can approach this a couple of different ways we could say okay uh number 14's occupy 2 cubic Ines per so I'm going to take that times 11 and come up with 22 cubic in and take a look at the table or I can just take a look at the table and say hey what size box do I need to accommodate 11 number 14s right and so if we go in there we will find um that 11 number 14s require what size box so let me open up my book to take a look and see since I don't have that on the graphic and so box fill there we go and 11 number 14s I'll need a four square deep right 4 by 2 and8 square that's going to be the smallest 4 in square box that I can do on that so that is the way that you're going to do that you basically count up the number of conductors here I got 1 2 3 4 5 I add my ground six my light switch 78 my receptacle 910 right and my internal cable clamp 11 and figure out that hey with 11 conductor volumes on there and they're 14 gauge I look at the table there and find that I need a four square deep so that's basically what we did we determined the number and size of conductor equivalents in the Box we figured out we had 11 of those right and they were all number 14s we determined the volume we took 11 * 2 that's 22 and then we could have looked that up in the minimum volume right uh but if they're all the same size we can just skip that and go straight to table 31416 a to determine the size of the box that we're going to need now which minimum depth 4 in square outlet box is required for 1 14 3 wire with the ground uh type NM cable that terminates on a three-way switch and one 122 wire with ground um type NM cable that terminates on a receptacle and it says the box has internally installed cable clamps so in this circumstance they don't give us the picture right but if they did it would look like this right but on the test typically this is the type of thing that you would see right and so just to clarify here just to to make this a little bit easier I will go ahead and give you a look at the picture all right and so what we've got is we've got some different conductors coming in here we got some 143 wire and some 122 wire now those 14s terminate on the light switch right and so the light switch is actually going to be counted with the 14s because the rule says on those devices that basically we're going to count those with largest conductor that is connected to that device so in this circumstance the largest one on the light switch is a 14 gauge so we're going to count that with the 14s now on the receptacle uh the largest one that terminates on that is going to be uh 12 gauge so we'll count that with the twelves and let's see we've got two grounds in there are we going to count those with the 14s or with the 12s uh we're going to count that as a single conductor volume with the largest conductor present in the box which is a 12 and then the internal cable clamps we going to count that with the 14s or we're going to count that with the twelves we're going to count that with the twelves against they're the largest conductor present in the Box all right so let's take a look up here and we'll go ahead and put the problem down as an inset there and we're going to go ahead and jump in here and see if we can't figure out exactly what size we need all right so now that I found my dry erase marker we can go ahead and do this so again what we have here is we've got some 14 gauge conductors so 14 gauge conductors we're going to figure out how many we have and so we've got our three conductors coming in there and they terminate on that light switch so we've got a total of five right so I've got five each number 14 and then for the twelves I've got the two conductors I've got the ground I've got the light or I'm sorry the receptacle right and then I also have the internal cable clamps so that's one two for the conductors three for the ground uh four five for the receptacle and then six uh for the uh internal cable clamps so now 12 gauge I've got six so each 14 gauge if we take a look at the table at the bottom each 14 gauge accommodates two cubic inch per and then each 12 gauge is 2.25 cubic in per and so what we're just going to do is we're going to take 5 * 2 is 10 cubic in 6 * 2.25 is 13.5 cubic in and so we've got a total of 23.5 cubic in and then we're going to jump right back into the table at the top of the page and we're going to find something that uh will be able to accommodate uh 23.5 cubic in and so we go down in the minimum volume in that column until we find something that will accommodate that and that is a 4X 2 and8 in square box are four squar deep so sure enough that's a four square deep in the graphic all right let's see if you can figure this one out it says how many 14 gauge conductors can be pulled through a 4 in square by 2 and8 in deep box with a plaster ring marking of 3.6 cubic in if if the Box already contains two receptacles five number 12 conductors and two equipment grounding conductors so you guys see if you can work that out so basically what we're going to do is we're going to figure out how much total volume do I have how much stuff is in there and then how much space is left over to accommodate the 14s that we're going to pull through go ahead and give that a shot all right let's see if we can work this one together so question says how many 14 gauge conductors can be pulled through if I've got this 4 by 28 in square box with a plaster ring at 3.6 right and then the box has already got some stuff in it all right so the first thing we got to do is figure out the total volume of the box right so our 4 by 2 and8 in square is 30.3 cubic in how did I get that I went to the table up at the top of the page I went to my 4 Square deep and I went to the minimum volume and it says 30.3 cubic in and then the question itself says hey I got a plaster ring of 3.6 cubic in so we're going to go ahead and add that on there and we're going to end up with a total of 33.9 cubic inches that's going to be our starting point right 33.9 but I've got some stuff that's already in there that box contains two receptacles right that's 1 2 3 4 conductor equivalents right and then it also contains five uh 12 gauge conductors that brings us up to nine and then two equipment grounding conductors that's going to be a single conductor volume for the two and so that'll bring us up to 10 I've got 10 each and they are what size they're number twelves and 12 are 2.25 cubic in per so we're going to take 10 * 2.25 that's 22.5 and so that's what's already taken up so let's find out what's left over I take my 33.9 minus my 22.5 that's 11.4 now the question said how many can we pull through if they're 14 gauge and so what we're going to do is we're going to take a look at the table at the bottom and see what 14 gauge conductors occupy they occupy 2 cubic Ines per so we're going to take that number we're going to divide that by two and so that'll give us 5.7 5.7 I don't have room for the sixth conductor right so I can pull through five uh 14 gauge conductors uh for uh through that box it's already got a bunch of stuff in it all right so that's basically how you do those box fill calculations they're pretty straightforward if you know where to find the rules the rules are going to be found there on page 195 basically okay and then know where to find the tables that's going to be p on page 196 all right so once you've done that all you have to do is kind of follow those rules pay attention to what those rules are and do the Box sizing uh questions that you're going to run across on the exam again on the uh uh contractor exam I expect you to see that or on the master electrician exam I expect you to see that on your calculations portion and then of course on the journ exam it's going to be just mixed in with the other questions