Transcript for:
Understanding Organizational Features in Texts

foreign this is functional skills English level two organizational features which is subject content number 16. understand organizational features and use them to locate relevant information in a range of straightforward and complex sources taken by discussing what are organizational features so organizational features are found within a text and they help the reader to find information and they help the writer to present the information it usually makes the writing a little bit clearer and it helps the reader to be able to follow the text a little bit more organizational features include things such as bullet points headings titles numbered lists paragraphs and columns anything that affects the structure or the presentation or the layout of a text that's organizational features these are more commonly found in non-fiction texts because stories or fiction texts don't really need them they use paragraphs in fiction text but it's more non-fiction texts that are going to find these kind of things more useful essentially organizational features are used by writers to help break up bigger blocks of text it makes the text more digestible or easier to read so organizational features relate to how a text is structured these are a few of the different organizational features that you might come across so the first is a contents list or a contents page titles headings subheadings strap lines bulleted lists number lists captions for images or photos tables columns text boxes headers footnotes an index page numbers menus paragraphs a navigation bar on a website email headers and a glossary so it's quite a few organizational features here that you need to try to remember we are going to go through these talk about why each of the different organizational features are actually used and how they help the reader and we're also going to look at how you will talk about these in the actual exam so in the exam you need to be able to identify the different organizational features that the writer has used and you also need to be able to explain what the organizational feature actually does so what is the effect or how does that organizational feature help the reader here's an example of how you might write an answer in the exam the writers use paragraphs to break up the text and make it easier to read so here we've got the writers use paragraphs that's identifying the organizational feature and then the second part to break up the text and make it easier to read That's the explanation that tells us why the writer has chosen to use that organizational feature and how it helps the reader to be able to digest the information so why does a writer use a contents list how does this help the reader well they help the reader to find the different chapters or the sections of the text that they want to read so typically a contents page is going to be at the start of a text and it will outline the different chapters or sections within that text using a Content page allows the reader to find the specific Pages where they might find information that's relevant or important to them next we've got titles headlines and headings now these are actually all completely different things and they are used for different reasons if you take a look at this picture on the screen right now what do you think this is is Kingsport police make major drug bust in Riverview is that a title a headline or a heading if you guess headline you would be correct headlines are used in things like newspapers and magazines titles could be used for documents reports books many different texts and but headlines are are specifically for newspapers and magazines so essentially a title is used by the writer to tell the reader what the text is about a headline differs because although it does tell the reader what the text is about it also tries to grab the reader's attention so a writer will make a headline catchy Snappy and interesting to try and draw the reader in and make them want to continue reading the rest of the text a heading on the other hand is typically used in a long text and it's a short phrase that describes what a next section is about it's not the same as a title and it's not the same as a subheading um if you think about chapter headings as a heading that's what that means so a title is for the whole document and a heading would be a part of that document a headline is for a newspaper or a magazine so what does subheadings do well subheadings help break down a document into much smaller chunks they tell the reader what the next section of the text is about and they also help the reader to be able to locate information within the text so if they're looking for something specific if you've got a document about food safety and you want to know specifically about food poisoning you'll might skim scan through the text looking for the specific word food poisoning if that's a subheading and then you'll know that that's what that section of the text is going to be about next we've got strap lines so strap lines again these are used in newspapers magazines advertisements things like that and a couple of examples there might be familiar to you so we've got Nike just do it and McDonald's I'm loving it so strap lines you might have heard the word slogan before um but strap lines are a written form of a slogan essentially so they sum up what the company is about or the brand um they're usually really short and memorable and the writer uses these to help the reader remember the company or the product or the text so they have to be short and snappy and really really memorable next we've got paragraphs and columns so first if we think about paragraphs why does a writer use paragraphs well basically they break up the text if you've ever tried to read a text that doesn't contain paragraphs it's really really difficult so writers use paragraphs to separate information and quite simply they make the text easier to read columns on the other hand they're the vertical blocks of text and you're going to find these in places like newspaper articles and maybe magazine articles as well and these also make the text easier to read they also make it quicker to read as well so by using columns your eyes don't have to travel as far across the page or the screen and in turn this helps the reader to consume more information at a quicker pace in the past newspapers came on massive pieces of paper the broadsheet papers if they had the writing going all the way across the page it would be it'd be ridiculous your eyes would have to travel so far from to get from the start to the end so by putting the information in columns it helps your eyes to travel a lot quicker when you're able to consume that information in a more reasonable way the method just kind of stuck around because it works it also makes it a little bit more attractive so when you've got text in columns it kind of makes a reader feel like there's not as much there so they might be more likely to read it as well but the main reason is it makes it easier and quicker to read next we've got two different things so we've got a bullet point list at the top and we've also got a numbered list so what's the difference here between a bullet list and a numbered list well bullet points are typically used to separate information into short bits so that it's easy to read the important thing here is usually there isn't any kind of set order so it could be a random summary or summation of information um or things like top tips or key features you might put things like that into bullet points whereas a numbered list is used instead of bullet points for things that are in a set order such as instructions or when there's some kind of a priority order that things need to be followed in so the writer uses numbered lists to help the reader know which order to follow the process or instructions so bullet points and numbered lists in writing are often used for slightly different reasons always be careful with this check which one has been used it might use numbers or it might use a lettered list as well so a b c d e instead of numbered so you've got bullet points numbered list or a lettered list as well next we've got tables so tables really help the reader to understand potentially complicated data so they allow the writer to organize information in a clear and easy to read Way by using rows and columns to present the information or the data so this might be numerical data like in this example but it could be words as well if you think about how this information is being presented here in this example if this was written into sentences it would be pages and pages of information so by putting it into a table we can really quickly see concentration nine percent in trial number five we can see that straight away that's 52.96 and we don't have to read lots of information to find that data it takes seconds so the writer will use a table to present potentially complicated information or data in a clear and easy to read way moving on we've got captions for images now it's important to point out here the image itself is not an organizational feature it's only the caption that's classed as an organizational feature so the caption is the sentence or phrase below the picture or the photograph that tells the reader what the picture is actually about so it just provides the reader with a little bit of extra information so they know what they're looking at in this example we've got the caption the Great Pyramid of Giza completed 2560 BCE so it tells us what that picture is that we're looking at and it's important to not mix up captions with headlines or subheadings um they're very different things remember so headlines is kind of like a title but for a newspaper or magazine and a subheading tells you what like a paragraph or a section of a text is about next we've got text boxes so text boxes are commonly used in texts where the writer wants to highlight important or key information that they haven't put into the main body of the text so this might be something like key features or contact details or really any kind of information that they want to make it stand out and catch the reader's attention a footnote is that small text that you find right at the bottom of a text so usually they are at the bottom of the page and they are indicated through the use of uh sub or superscript numbers or perhaps an Asterix the little star symbol and what they do is they provide additional information so that could be a source or a definition um but Writers Do use footnotes for several different purposes this could be a citation so telling you where the reader sorry where the writer has found that information just a bit of additional information about something and copyright permission so are they actually allowed to share this information a bit of background information it could be definitions so there's lots of different reasons why a writer might use a footnote in the exam if you get a footnote you should probably read the text quite carefully and read the footnote to work out which reason they've used it for I'd probably say sources and definitions are the most common that you might come across so in this example this is talking about Microsoft Word so if it says save time in Word with new buttons that show up where you need them and then we've got the little number one next to word meaning Microsoft Word and then down at the bottom you've got a footnote so that little number one might explain what Microsoft Word is so it's a digital software used to create documents digitally or something you know so it provides a little bit of information about that thing that it's got the number next to next we've got email headers so it's quite common for emails to come up in the exam um and it might be you know if you've got something like an email there might not be that many organizational features you know it's not going to have headlines and titles it might have subheadings but it also just as equally might not um but an email should always have this the email headers so the email header is the area where you put the information so you've got who it's to who it's from what the subject of the email is if it's being copied to anybody it also might include the date in there as well so a straightforward answer for this would be the writer has used email headers to tell the reader who the email is to who it's from and what the subject of the email is next we've got the index so the index is usually found at the very end of the text or the back of a book and what the index does is it tells the reader page numbers of the topics so it helps the reader to locate specific information now this is different to a contents list so if you remember the contents list tells the reader the different chapters and the page numbers of those chapters the index is more specific so for example if you have a recipe book and it's like a baking book for example and you've got lots of different recipes in there but you specifically want to make something with chocolate you would look down it's almost like a dictionary so everything's in alphabetical order you'd look through a b c and then you'd look through find chocolate and then it should give you a list of the different chocolate recipes and the page numbers where you can find those chocolate recipes in the actual book the chapter might be starters Mains and desserts so it's more specific Okay so we've looked at some of the main organizational features that you should try to remember for the exam so now let's have a bit of a practice I recommend you keep this table somewhere you know you could take a picture of it or screenshot it whatever you need to do but this table basically summarizes the different organizational features and also what they do so in the exam you could write something along the lines of the writer has you subheadings to tell the reader what they need to know or to tell the reader what the next section of the text will be about so you can use this table to really help you with your answers obviously you won't do it word for word but you can take from it and add bits and take bits away okay let's have a bit of a practice then so on the next slide I'm going to make this text bigger so that you can actually see it um but I want you to have a go at doing two different tasks so the first is Identify two organizational features in this text and then the second question is what information do these organizational features help the reader to find so remember when it says what do they help the reader to find that's what do they do why have they used that organizational feature so looking at this text what organizational features can we find so at the top we've got subheadings so we've got quite a few subheadings here um identifying the different parts of this text we've also got plenty of paragraphs to help break it all down at the bottom here we've got a footnote and that links to this bit here and it's shown with the the two asterixes we've got a bullet point list on this side we've got a table and we've also got page numbers down at the bottom so why have these organizational features been used subheadings have been used to tell the reader what the section of the text is about so there are one two three four five five different subheadings on page seven and each one of those subheadings tells the reader what the next paragraph or the next section of the text is about sometimes it is just one paragraph as it is um for three for four of these subheadings but the first one is for two paragraphs paragraphs have of course been used to break up the text so it's easier for the reader to actually read and digest the information a footnote has been provided to give some additional information to the reader so in this case the footnote has been added to the word most fractures and then down at the bottom it says specified injuries for further information see www.hse.gov.uk so it's providing the reader with additional information is providing them with information on where they can find out more about this particular topic the bullet point list has been used to summarize some key information the table here it contains lots and lots of information but putting it in a table presents the information in a much easier to read format finally we've got the page numbers so the page numbers help the reader to locate information when using contents list or the index at the at the end or the back of the book so if there's page numbers they know where to actually find the information okay so let's have a look at what this would look like with an actual exam question so the exam question here is Identify two organizational features used by the writer in text B what information does one of these features help the reader to find so this question is worth a total of three marks and it can be broken down into two different sections the first part is asking you to identify two organizational features and that's worth two marks then it's asking you to explain what information one of these features helps the readers to find so here you're saying literally what does it do why has the writer used this organizational feature to get the full three marks you must give two organizational features and one explanation so here's an example the writer uses paragraphs and subheadings in text B that's the first part of this question Identify two organizational features used by the writer that would get you two marks and then explaining it subheadings help the reader to identify what the next section of the text will be about so that would be the final the third Mark and that's saying why the writers used it and in what way it actually helps the reader to navigate the text you don't have to if it's worded in this way you don't have to explain both of the organizational features because it's only asked you for one what information does one of these features help to redefine so always make make sure that you read the question really carefully so that you're only giving the information that you need to give and not over answering the question that's it for this video I'd like to wish you the best of luck with your exam and thank you ever so much for watching goodbye [Music]