in several videos of this channel have shown how airplanes work but I have never talked about the control surfaces something extremely important to understand how airplanes can direct their flight get ready to learn a little bit more about airplanes [Music] take on like four seconds to subscribe to this channel and enable notifications okay let's Darnell [Music] the control surfaces comprise all the aerodynamic parts of an airplane that are used to stir the aircraft during the flight they are divided into primary and secondary control surfaces there are different types of control surfaces and mechanisms to maintain control of an aircraft in flight efficiently the efficiency range of an aircraft changes depending on its speed the primary control surfaces are responsible for directing the aircraft these are the elevator to rise and lower the aircraft moving the plane in its transverse axis the rudder to control the jaw moving the plane in its vertical or y-axis [Music] and the ailerons to control the roll or tilting the plane from one side to the other moving the aircraft in its longitudinal axis in case it is not clear to you we'll review the axis of the airplane with this three-dimensional model this is a transverse axis the longitudinal axis and the vertical axis and the primary control surfaces are the elevator the rudder and the ailerons note that these axes converge at that specific point and this is the point of the aircraft we call the center of gravity it is the point where your aircraft is in balance there is also they are dynamic center point but we can talk about that in another video then we have the secondary control surfaces responsible for modifying the lift that the wings generate or simply modifying the aerodynamics of the aircraft in other less conventional ways by either reducing or increasing lift as well as the aerodynamic drag among them the flaps these are similar to the ailerons but they are closer to the fuselage and they have the task of generating more lift and reduce the speed at the same time depending on how much is the angle of inclination of the flaps they can slow down the airplane even more or simply generate a little more lift during takeoff there are other more specialized surfaces such as lacz and Kruger flaps these are used especially in large commercial airplanes and fighter jets this is an extension in the leading edge that increases the curvature and wing area increase in its lift at low speeds the slats are usually deployed together with the flaps the slats are not normally used in the small commercial airplanes nor already controlled airplanes but of course it is possible to use them only that it's not usually necessary finally there are the spoilers and air brakes these are used in commercial airplanes as well and also in gliders through the use the lift on the wings and slow down the aircraft at the same time these are used in the landing process or after landing fighter jets can use similar devices which can also be called air brake to control the flight of an aircraft the control surfaces have to generate controlled imbalances in the aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane that way we till the aircraft in its different access to achieve the desired manoeuvre helicopters use their blades as the same control surfaces as their angle of attack can be modified depending on their position in the path of their rotation individually that way they have the ultimate control depending on the functions played by the control surfaces in an aircraft there are call different names for example in a flying wing there is no tail and it only has two control surfaces they work as a lowrance but also as elevator the functions are mixed in the same control surfaces and in that case they're not longer call alerts but Elevens the same goes to a learns that also performs the function of flaps in that case they are called flaperons and there are also spoiler ons ailerons that also serve the function of spoilers train pads are also found in full-sized airplanes these are also part of the control surfaces and their task is to neutralize the position of the control surface depending on several factors of the airplane like its balance and if it's taken off or landing since they are a dynamic effects changes during takeoff and also the balance is affected by the amount of fuel or weight shifting inside the airplane train taps or trimming in general helps neutralizing the control surfaces to its new neutral points so the pilot doesn't have to be correcting the airplane constantly now let's talk about how you control the control surfaces or the airplane in general normally you will find a control stick or at yoke similar to a steering wheel these are going to control the primary control surfaces the control system could be as simple as using wires to pull all the control surfaces or more complex using electronic controlled motors or hydraulic systems to maneuver direct refuse in that control stick you pull the stick to rise now and go up push it or move it forward to go down and move it left or right to roll the aircraft respectively using the ailerons to use the rudder we use the pedals also left and right to control the secondary control surfaces depending on the aircraft you can use levers buttons switches and others because that's different in every kind of aircraft the airplanes that you use yokes Asda Cessnas work under the same principle you push the joke to go down pull it to go up and turn it left and right to roll the aircraft that should cover all you need to know about the control surfaces in future videos I could explain what adverse yaw is and the different forces affecting the aircraft during takeoff if you'd love to see those videos let me know in the comments below and subscribe so you don't miss it for now I hope you enjoyed and learn a lot in this video and I'll see you in the next video