Overview
This lecture introduces the sociological concept of status, exploring how individuals are assigned standing within society and the implications of status differences.
Understanding Status
- Status is a person's social standing, position, or respect within a group or society.
- Status reflects the amount of prestige or recognition linked to a specific social position.
- Societies are typically hierarchical, meaning people occupy either high or low status positions.
Types of Social Status
- Ascribed status is assigned at birth based on characteristics like gender, ethnicity, or family background.
- Achieved status is earned through personal merit, qualifications, or accomplishments.
- Meritocracy refers to societies where achieved status is the main basis for social standing.
Status and Social Inequality
- The book "The Spirit Level" argues that large income gaps make status differences more pronounced, leading to status anxiety.
- Status anxiety refers to insecurity about one’s social worth or rank, especially in unequal societies.
- Status anxiety can cause stress, health issues, and negative social behaviors like substance abuse and violence.
- Conspicuous consumption (e.g., buying luxury goods) is a way to signal status and cope with status anxiety.
Status Frustration and Subcultures
- Albert Cohen argues that inability to achieve high status can lead to frustration and anger, known as status frustration.
- Status frustration can result in delinquency and the creation of counter-cultures with alternative values and goals.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Status — a person's social standing or position within society.
- Ascribed Status — social position assigned at birth, not earned.
- Achieved Status — social position earned through personal actions.
- Meritocracy — a system where status is based on individual achievement.
- Status Anxiety — worry about one’s place in the social hierarchy.
- Status Frustration — anger from being unable to achieve high social standing.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Prepare for the next lecture on the concept of power and its role in social influence.