Cell Types and Their Specializations

okay okay weekend Mama Wendy is [Music] from grade 12 Andromeda again from Davao City and good afternoon watching from the house good afternoon good afternoon last week National High School Davao City very supportive the teacher School online tutorials yes cell types and cell modifications from 440 to 5 29 for this week Ayan for our learning competencies for this week at the end of our tutorial you should be able to First distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing features you should be able to classify the different cell types of plant and animal tissues and specify the functions of each and of course lastly I describe some cell modifications that lead to adaptation to carry out specialized functions okay so actually yes so let us start I'm adding a review for today or fake so we will show you different informations about uh the concepts on week one uh General biology and if the information that is presented to you or the concept is a is true uh type the word fact otherwise you will type nothing comment sections laser okay for the first concept the cell theory was formulated through the contributions not one but several scientists a fact or fake so um so and the answer to this one is a fake okay so sorry it is not one but several scientists and contributed and let's have the next one and the classical cell theory that was proposed in the mid 19th century has six postulates six postulates by that time so the answer to this one is a fake okay okay fake foreign number three the word organelle is literally translated as little organs they are structures with specific functions within the cell is it a fact or fake again organelles membrane-bound structures okay so the answer to this one would be my learners foreign and our answer to this one so it's a it's a fact okay I'm adding uh organelles or membrane bound structures function okay so let's proceed with the next one adding presentation all right yeah okay so number four all organelles are found in animal cells that are found in animal cells are also found in plant cells organelles animal cells plants animal cells so that is our glue for this number four okay the answer to this uh question number four it's a fake pero I'm adding uh for our example here in number four I'm plant cells to compensate for their absence okay let's have the next one number five and the invention of the microscope became the string uh string word for numerous discoveries about the cell [Music] animal kills okay answers number five foreign and the answer to this it's a fact yeah and micro the microscope became the springboard parasite numerous discoveries about our sales Ayan so let's proceed to Thor Tony and tutor Eddie yes yes now for our main topic we have the major types of sales so cells fall into two major categories we have our prokaryotes and a war eukaryotes and they have several similarities and differences one by one so first we have our prokaryotes so the name prokaryotes is a combination of the Greek words Pro which means before and Carion which means kernel or not so the prokaryote was named uh like this because these are simple unicellular organisms that do not have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles main distinguishing characteristics they have no nucleus now their DNA is nucleus their DNA is found in the cytoplasm concentrated in a region known as the nucleoid region so examples now I think prokaryotes are bacteria such as humangitus adding illustration next we have the eukaryotes so the eukaryotes the name eukaryote also came from the Greek word you which means a good well or true and which means kernel or not so they are named eukaryotes because this organisms have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane genetic material or DNA is inside a membrane-bound nucleus and they also have other membrane-bound organelles such as the mitochondria the Golgi apparatus and your endoplasmic reticulous now if we are going to compare the prokaryotes and eukaryotes more closely let's compare them using several criteria so first we have the size so the prokaryotes are relatively smaller as compared to your eukaryotes their unicellular well eukaryotes can either be unicellular or multicellular for the Kingdom Under prokaryotes we have the RK bacteria the Eubacteria or the true bacteria and then for eukaryotes we have the Kingdom Protista fungi Plante and Animalia now if you know species or organisms now when it comes to the nucleus so again main distinguishing characteristic noun prokaryote and eukaryotes so of course prokaryote the nucleus is absent while eukaryotes it is present as well as the other membrane-bound organelles so absence prokaryotes and present amanza adding eukaryotes and then we go to the cell wall prokaryotes have cell wall while in eukaryotes the cell wall is only found in plant cells now the cell wall of your prokaryotes are more chemically complex compared to the simple cell walls of the eukaryotes for sexual reproduction prokaryotes have no sexual reproduction but their genetic information is transferred through a process called conjugation on the other hand eukaryotes can undergo sexual reproduction in a process called meiosis which results in the production of your gametes or your sex cells okay and then for cell division prokaryotes divide through binary fission a process wherein the organism separates into two parts each carrying their own genetic material while eukaryotes divide through the process of mitosis where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells actually um almost similar on binary fission and mitosis because they they uh both produce two identical cells however a major difference mechanisms and then lastly for the structure of the DNA and DNA and prokaryotes again it is found in the cytoplasm particularly the nucleoid region it is circular and it is haploid meaning there is only one copy for each gene while the DNA of the eukaryotes found inside the nucleus is linear it is arranged in structures that we call chromosomes and it is deployed meaning there are two copies of each chromosomes and nothing this is the summary now uh differences and similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes eukaryotes yes now we proceed to our first learning task tutor Eric eukaryotic cells and you will identify if the cells uh presented are eukaryote or a prokaryote if young teachers just type letter e sound prokaryotic cell I'll just type letter P again letter e if eukaryote and type letter P or Papa if it's funny nothing okay so let's have our first one picture it is this afternoon okay Maria Theresa is okay so actually this is an animal tissue and the hill Ayan of course animal animals okay we are eukaryotes so this cell it's a eukaryote okay let's have our next cell yeah okay so the picture shows a picture of a of a bacteria which is the E coli okay this one is a type of uh bacteria large intestines and since this is a bacteria bacteria This one belongs you bacteria so this one okay learners rainbow s [Music] belongs to uh Eubacteria and it's a prokaryote okay let's have the next one okay so this uh picture shows us a thermal acidophile uh these are types and environment okay so they are also tight types of bacteria bacteria I okay let's have our next picture is my my mitosis yeah yes sir uh this plant cell is actually undergoing mitosis students so this is actually a eukaryotes are you in there yeah so we have our last organism this is swimming swimming yeah this one is a type of algae or I it's a protests hey it's okay this is a so this is so good job so I believe between a prokaryote and a UK so now uh moving on we have our next topic which is cell specialization and cell modification now cell specialization uh sometimes cell differentiation now it is the process by which generic cells change to different types of cells to be able to perform special or specific functions now in newly cellular organisms generally they do not uh differentiate or specialize but there are some uh exceptions to the rules like the fungi on the other hand human multicellular organisms because they are made up of multiple cells that have a specific function cell specialization in multicellular organisms okay so the process of specialization occurs in different stages organisms so most specializations embryonic development so upon fertilization embryo would undergo several stages of division and then after that Maggi specializes to become the structure to perform their functions we have over 200 types of cells examples non-specialized cells first we have in animals okay so we have here our red blood cells so the function of our red blood cell is to carry oxygen throughout the body and because of its special uh or specific structure first it has no nucleus so upon maturity nucleus red blood cell to give more space oxygen and then it has a biconcave shape um the RBC skin easily pass through this blood vessels and then lastly iron rich protein so the oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin now the hemoglobin also gives the blood its red color so next example of our specialized cell would be our white blood cell or your own w b c so it is called yes it is called the soldiers of the body nickname because they play important role in our immune system now special lineocalion structure it is irregular in shape squeeze blood vessels and it has the ability to produce antibodies recognized among foreign bodies like your bacteria and virus and it can produce antitoxin that can neutralize poissons next we have our sperm cells sperm cell so its function is to fertilize and exhale to make a baby again it is because of its unique structure so it has a long tail young long tail now or young flat gelena it enables it to swim through the female reproductive system exhale it also has Powerhouse [Applause] tail [Music] okay yeah and um yes special chemicals that enables it to enter the exit so it can break down the membrane of them okay and then we have the other reproductive cell for the female it can use the genetic materials reproductive cells structure because specialize or specific function so young exhale it is large and bulky as comparedness because it contains the yolk or you nutrients and then uh once a sperm a single sperm enters your exhale chemical change exhale and it will prevent other sperms from fertilizing the exhale uh one one sperm will fertilize the egg cell so young percentage I think it is only one percent okay so other examples senior high school students so the function of the neuron is to carry nerve impulses signals through the body it has a long thin axle so it enables faster uh transmission now signal and parama Richa because it has to connect the central nervous system to the other parts of our body and then it has branching then rights and then writes because they can receive signals from numerous other neurons so um which is protein is some type of insulation any insulation again nerve impulses or signals expired okay so then we have our muscle cell so my muscle cells facilitate movement so movement and advantages or movement now internal organs like the heart and the stoma so structure they are elongated and elastic so um that enables them to contract and relax providing movement and again the hill movements energy so we expect that the muscle cell also has numerous so like your sperm cell okay now now plants also have specialized cells plants so here are some examples so we have the guard cell so the guard cell regulates rate of transpiration so you can find that guns among opening is called stomata so guard cells have darling yes they have varying wall thickness now when guard cells are receives too much water is well and then plants and uh loose foreign structure in plants of course is what we call the okay next year so the root the rotation is to absorb water and minerals from the soil so the root hair cell is long and thin mahabasha so it can penetrate the roots or the soil particles and they are thin with large surface area water from the soil yes next we have what we call photosynthetic cells they are mostly found salives now plants okay so function is to produce food through the process of photosynthesis what's the next ma'am okay so it contains numerous chloroplasts that is the side of your photosynthesis and then last one we have the xylem vessel okay so the silent vessel function is to transport water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plants special structure first it has lignin so this is a molecule that makes the silent vessel uh strong and stiff um osmotic pressure now the xylem vessel also has no protoplasmine vessels because it enables them to form continuous okay and the water will flow through capillary action okay so those are our examples of Specializes there are more than 200 different types of cells next we go to cell modifications so these are adaptations or changes acquired by the cell after cell division that aids the cell in various beneficial ways foreign the lining of our respiratory tract so from our nose or here to our bronchi so sweeping motion movement uh particles would be the lining of the fallopian tube females fallopian tube it moves the exhale and the sperm and the sperms meet okay so the next example of cell modification would be our flagella so like your flagella it is like it is made of protein filaments function is flagella would be our sperm so the tail a tail like flagella would Aid the movement of the sperm through the female reproductive tract and um numerous types of bacteria also have flagella okay it also AIDS in their movement yeah so our next example of cell modification is our Villi or microvilli now unlike you adding Syria and flagella they are small slender and vascular or full of blood vessels now the function of the veli or the micro Villa is to increase surface area to increase absorption example microvilli would be the lining of our [Music] nutrients from our digested food actually illustrations finger like projections okay and the last example of our cell modification is our pseudopods so literally meaning on pseudopods would be feet they are temporary extension of the cytoplasm temporary it is in the movement and it can also be used in ingestion or cell eating so example now my pseudopods living organisms cell modification okay so those are just some of our examples now we are going to proceed and apply in our assessment or quiz so this will be led by tutor Eric let us have our assessment for this session so let's see uh item number one so for our number and question I again specialized cells group together to perform as a specified function these groups of cells are called a organs B organisms C tissues or letter d uh species [Music] functions plus their uh extracellular extracellular uh Matrix so Elena and Corrine are okay so the answer is I see see Patrick James three apostle um okay let us have number two having a membrane-bound organelles is a characteristic of which type of cell is it a eukaryotes B prokaryotes C both A and B both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are letter D neither of eukaryotes or prokaryotes organelles foreign yes eukaryotic cells okay I think we should have the next one number three which of the following statement is true about the process of cell specialization is it letter A self-specialization occurs immediately after specialization B all our cells in organisms originated from a single cell that specialize into different types of cell or letter C all cells in our in an organism have the same structure and function and the answer to this is letter B yeah foreign let's have questions remember number four number four which type of specialized cell controls the opening and closing of stomata implants is it a chloroplast B guard cell C root hair cell or letter D silence at learners yes Arcane Rodriguez Catherine Bai okay Adel Palma Depot okay and foreign which component can be found inside themselves that give the cell strength and prevents it from bursting during transport of water is it a lot of less basilia sea lignin or D vacuole so uh elimination that one is for photosynthesis cilia is an extension of the cell for movement I for the storage of water and of course silent from bursting during the transport of water Seymour foreign what sets you apart can sometimes feel like it's a burden and it's not and a lot of time it was it is what uh makes you great so they have a distinguishing characteristics and give uh gives the uh and of course they perform some functions which makes them great and sometimes unique characteristics other people and sometimes characteristics but actually it is not it is what makes us great because nothing yes okay so it's purpose

okay okay weekend Mama Wendy is [Music] from grade 12 Andromeda again from Davao City and good afternoon watching from the house good afternoon good afternoon last week National High School Davao City very supportive the teacher School online tutorials yes cell types and cell modifications from 440 to 5 29 for this week Ayan for our learning competencies for this week at the end of our tutorial you should be able to First distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing features you should be able to classify the different cell types of plant and animal tissues and specify the functions of each and of course lastly I describe some cell modifications that lead to adaptation to carry out specialized functions okay so actually yes so let us start I&#39;m adding a review for today  or fake so we will show you different informations about uh the concepts on week one uh General biology and if the information that is presented to you or the concept is a is true uh type the word fact otherwise you will type nothing comment sections laser okay for the first concept the cell theory was formulated through the contributions not one but several scientists a fact or fake so um so and the answer to this one is a fake okay so sorry it is not one but several scientists and contributed and let&#39;s have the next one and the classical cell theory that was proposed in the mid 19th century has six postulates six postulates by that time so the answer to this one is a fake okay okay fake foreign number three the word organelle is literally translated as little organs they are structures with specific functions within the cell is it a fact or fake again organelles membrane-bound structures okay so the answer to this one would be my learners foreign and our answer to this one so it&#39;s a it&#39;s a fact okay I&#39;m adding uh organelles or membrane bound structures function okay so let&#39;s proceed with the next one adding presentation all right yeah okay so number four all organelles are found in animal cells that are found in animal cells are also found in plant cells organelles animal cells plants animal cells so that is our glue for this number four okay the answer to this uh question number four it&#39;s a fake pero I&#39;m adding uh for our example here in number four I&#39;m plant cells to compensate for their absence okay let&#39;s have the next one number five and the invention of the microscope became the string uh string word for numerous discoveries about the cell [Music] animal kills okay answers number five foreign and the answer to this it&#39;s a fact yeah and micro the microscope became the springboard parasite numerous discoveries about our sales Ayan so let&#39;s proceed to Thor Tony and tutor Eddie yes yes now for our main topic we have the major types of sales so cells fall into two major categories we have our prokaryotes and a war eukaryotes and they have several similarities and differences one by one so first we have our prokaryotes so the name prokaryotes is a combination of the Greek words Pro which means before and Carion which means kernel or not so the prokaryote was named uh like this because these are simple unicellular organisms that do not have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles main distinguishing characteristics they have no nucleus now their DNA is nucleus their DNA is found in the cytoplasm concentrated in a region known as the nucleoid region so examples now I think prokaryotes are bacteria such as humangitus adding illustration next we have the eukaryotes so the eukaryotes the name eukaryote also came from the Greek word you which means a good well or true and which means kernel or not so they are named eukaryotes because this organisms have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane genetic material or DNA is inside a membrane-bound nucleus and they also have other membrane-bound organelles such as the mitochondria the Golgi apparatus and your endoplasmic reticulous now if we are going to compare the prokaryotes and eukaryotes more closely let&#39;s compare them using several criteria so first we have the size so the prokaryotes are relatively smaller as compared to your eukaryotes their unicellular well eukaryotes can either be unicellular or multicellular for the Kingdom Under prokaryotes we have the RK bacteria the Eubacteria or the true bacteria and then for eukaryotes we have the Kingdom Protista fungi Plante and Animalia now if you know species or organisms now when it comes to the nucleus so again main distinguishing characteristic noun prokaryote and eukaryotes so of course prokaryote the nucleus is absent while eukaryotes it is present as well as the other membrane-bound organelles so absence prokaryotes and present amanza adding eukaryotes and then we go to the cell wall prokaryotes have cell wall while in eukaryotes the cell wall is only found in plant cells now the cell wall of your prokaryotes are more chemically complex compared to the simple cell walls of the eukaryotes for sexual reproduction prokaryotes have no sexual reproduction but their genetic information is transferred through a process called conjugation on the other hand eukaryotes can undergo sexual reproduction in a process called meiosis which results in the production of your gametes or your sex cells okay and then for cell division prokaryotes divide through binary fission a process wherein the organism separates into two parts each carrying their own genetic material while eukaryotes divide through the process of mitosis where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells actually um almost similar on binary fission and mitosis because they they uh both produce two identical cells however a major difference mechanisms and then lastly for the structure of the DNA and DNA and prokaryotes again it is found in the cytoplasm particularly the nucleoid region it is circular and it is haploid meaning there is only one copy for each gene while the DNA of the eukaryotes found inside the nucleus is linear it is arranged in structures that we call chromosomes and it is deployed meaning there are two copies of each chromosomes and nothing this is the summary now uh differences and similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes eukaryotes yes now we proceed to our first learning task tutor Eric eukaryotic cells and you will identify if the cells uh presented are eukaryote or a prokaryote if young teachers just type letter e sound prokaryotic cell I&#39;ll just type letter P again letter e if eukaryote and type letter P or Papa if it&#39;s funny nothing okay so let&#39;s have our first one picture it is this afternoon okay Maria Theresa is okay so actually this is an animal tissue and the hill Ayan of course animal animals okay we are eukaryotes so this cell it&#39;s a eukaryote okay let&#39;s have our next cell yeah okay so the picture shows a picture of a of a bacteria which is the E coli okay this one is a type of uh bacteria large intestines and since this is a bacteria bacteria This one belongs you bacteria so this one okay learners rainbow s [Music] belongs to uh Eubacteria and it&#39;s a prokaryote okay let&#39;s have the next one okay so this uh picture shows us a thermal acidophile uh these are types and environment okay so they are also tight types of bacteria bacteria I okay let&#39;s have our next picture is my my mitosis yeah yes sir uh this plant cell is actually undergoing mitosis students so this is actually a eukaryotes are you in there yeah so we have our last organism this is swimming swimming yeah this one is a type of algae or I it&#39;s a protests hey it&#39;s okay this is a so this is so good job so I believe between a prokaryote and a UK so now uh moving on we have our next topic which is cell specialization and cell modification now cell specialization uh sometimes cell differentiation now it is the process by which generic cells change to different types of cells to be able to perform special or specific functions now in newly cellular organisms generally they do not uh differentiate or specialize but there are some uh exceptions to the rules like the fungi on the other hand human multicellular organisms because they are made up of multiple cells that have a specific function cell specialization in multicellular organisms okay so the process of specialization occurs in different stages organisms so most specializations embryonic development so upon fertilization embryo would undergo several stages of division and then after that Maggi specializes to become the structure to perform their functions we have over 200 types of cells examples non-specialized cells first we have in animals okay so we have here our red blood cells so the function of our red blood cell is to carry oxygen throughout the body and because of its special uh or specific structure first it has no nucleus so upon maturity nucleus red blood cell to give more space oxygen and then it has a biconcave shape um the RBC skin easily pass through this blood vessels and then lastly iron rich protein so the oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin now the hemoglobin also gives the blood its red color so next example of our specialized cell would be our white blood cell or your own w b c so it is called yes it is called the soldiers of the body nickname because they play important role in our immune system now special lineocalion structure it is irregular in shape squeeze blood vessels and it has the ability to produce antibodies recognized among foreign bodies like your bacteria and virus and it can produce antitoxin that can neutralize poissons next we have our sperm cells sperm cell so its function is to fertilize and exhale to make a baby again it is because of its unique structure so it has a long tail young long tail now or young flat gelena it enables it to swim through the female reproductive system exhale it also has Powerhouse [Applause] tail [Music] okay yeah and um yes special chemicals that enables it to enter the exit so it can break down the membrane of them okay and then we have the other reproductive cell for the female it can use the genetic materials reproductive cells structure because specialize or specific function so young exhale it is large and bulky as comparedness because it contains the yolk or you nutrients and then uh once a sperm a single sperm enters your exhale chemical change exhale and it will prevent other sperms from fertilizing the exhale uh one one sperm will fertilize the egg cell so young percentage I think it is only one percent okay so other examples senior high school students so the function of the neuron is to carry nerve impulses signals through the body it has a long thin axle so it enables faster uh transmission now signal and parama Richa because it has to connect the central nervous system to the other parts of our body and then it has branching then rights and then writes because they can receive signals from numerous other neurons so um which is protein is some type of insulation any insulation again nerve impulses or signals expired okay so then we have our muscle cell so my muscle cells facilitate movement so movement and advantages or movement now internal organs like the heart and the stoma so structure they are elongated and elastic so um that enables them to contract and relax providing movement and again the hill movements energy so we expect that the muscle cell also has numerous so like your sperm cell okay now now plants also have specialized cells plants so here are some examples so we have the guard cell so the guard cell regulates rate of transpiration so you can find that guns among opening is called stomata so guard cells have darling yes they have varying wall thickness now when guard cells are receives too much water is well and then plants and uh loose foreign structure in plants of course is what we call the okay next year so the root the rotation is to absorb water and minerals from the soil so the root hair cell is long and thin mahabasha so it can penetrate the roots or the soil particles and they are thin with large surface area water from the soil yes next we have what we call photosynthetic cells they are mostly found salives now plants okay so function is to produce food through the process of photosynthesis what&#39;s the next ma&#39;am okay so it contains numerous chloroplasts that is the side of your photosynthesis and then last one we have the xylem vessel okay so the silent vessel function is to transport water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plants special structure first it has lignin so this is a molecule that makes the silent vessel uh strong and stiff um osmotic pressure now the xylem vessel also has no protoplasmine vessels because it enables them to form continuous okay and the water will flow through capillary action okay so those are our examples of Specializes there are more than 200 different types of cells next we go to cell modifications so these are adaptations or changes acquired by the cell after cell division that aids the cell in various beneficial ways foreign the lining of our respiratory tract so from our nose or here to our bronchi so sweeping motion movement uh particles would be the lining of the fallopian tube females fallopian tube it moves the exhale and the sperm and the sperms meet okay so the next example of cell modification would be our flagella so like your flagella it is like it is made of protein filaments function is flagella would be our sperm so the tail a tail like flagella would Aid the movement of the sperm through the female reproductive tract and um numerous types of bacteria also have flagella okay it also AIDS in their movement yeah so our next example of cell modification is our Villi or microvilli now unlike you adding Syria and flagella they are small slender and vascular or full of blood vessels now the function of the veli or the micro Villa is to increase surface area to increase absorption example microvilli would be the lining of our [Music] nutrients from our digested food actually illustrations finger like projections okay and the last example of our cell modification is our pseudopods so literally meaning on pseudopods would be feet they are temporary extension of the cytoplasm temporary it is in the movement and it can also be used in ingestion or cell eating so example now my pseudopods living organisms cell modification okay so those are just some of our examples now we are going to proceed and apply in our assessment or quiz so this will be led by tutor Eric let us have our assessment for this session so let&#39;s see uh item number one so for our number and question I again specialized cells group together to perform as a specified function these groups of cells are called a organs B organisms C tissues or letter d uh species [Music] functions plus their uh extracellular extracellular uh Matrix so Elena and Corrine are okay so the answer is I see see Patrick James three apostle um okay let us have number two having a membrane-bound organelles is a characteristic of which type of cell is it a eukaryotes B prokaryotes C both A and B both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are letter D neither of eukaryotes or prokaryotes organelles foreign yes eukaryotic cells okay I think we should have the next one number three which of the following statement is true about the process of cell specialization is it letter A self-specialization occurs immediately after specialization B all our cells in organisms originated from a single cell that specialize into different types of cell or letter C all cells in our in an organism have the same structure and function and the answer to this is letter B yeah foreign let&#39;s have questions remember number four number four which type of specialized cell controls the opening and closing of stomata implants is it a chloroplast B guard cell C root hair cell or letter D silence at learners yes Arcane Rodriguez Catherine Bai okay Adel Palma Depot okay and foreign which component can be found inside themselves that give the cell strength and prevents it from bursting during transport of water is it a lot of less basilia sea lignin or D vacuole so uh elimination that one is for photosynthesis cilia is an extension of the cell for movement I for the storage of water and of course silent from bursting during the transport of water Seymour foreign what sets you apart can sometimes feel like it&#39;s a burden and it&#39;s not and a lot of time it was it is what uh makes you great so they have a distinguishing characteristics and give uh gives the uh and of course they perform some functions which makes them great and sometimes unique characteristics other people and sometimes characteristics but actually it is not it is what makes us great because nothing yes okay so it&#39;s purpose

Transcript for:Cell Types and Their Specializations

Transcript for:
Cell Types and Their Specializations