Impact of Climate Change on Education and Other Sectors

welcome to Beyond classroom program today we are going to discuss the impact of climate on various aspects like impact of climate on environment education economy Health Agriculture and there are so many other factors and the focus will be on education because of the climate change now the children are facing more difficulty in learning their efficiency is coming down not only that they are not able to attend these schools the schools are set off and we have seen during the winters the temperature conditions are so harsh that the schools are shut down and we have seen more frequent heat waves and because of heat waves again the schools are shut down then there are frequent flirts and flirts again causing the shutdown office schools and you see the impact of the pollution and in Delhi especially we have seen almost 15 days 2 to 3 weeks schools are closed on account of the PO ution and the pollution is again caused by the climate change so there are so many other factors which are responsible for education and the impact of climate is one of them so today we will discuss uh the effect of climate change on education especially but other factors also so prant my first question to you is that what are the factors behind the climate change and how this climate change is impacting in education sir uh climate change is a basically multi-dimensional change in entire Earth system it involves change in atmosphere it involves change in Ocean it involves change in uh lithosphere all the domains of our system and it is happening in a vious way like for example we are releasing greenhouse gases these greenhouse gases are causing global warming and due to global warming some changes are happening in every aspect of envir cryosphere is melting sea level is rising ocean is getting acidified the the the mud flows are happening all these changes they are interacting in a very vicious way through positive feedbacks right and that's why climate change is happening in a exponential manner means whatever has happened in last 10 years in that same magnitude of change will happen in next 5 years or 3 years and this duration of that change will keep on decreasing so the today's disc discussion is inspired with a report which has been published by the World Bank and that was published in April the observations are that climate change is causing a deep impact on the education especially in the children and also the world economic Forum has revealed the data that there are more frequent floods now there are more frequent droughts now there are more frequent heat waves now in fact as compared to 1960s now the heat wave is five times more impact more intense so this world Bank report says when children they study in the adverse climatic conditions they are not able to perform their efficiency of learning has come down their interest in education also losing so climate as a factor how you see in the education sir uh climate is impacting education system in multiple ways first of fall due to climate change the extreme weather events as you were mentioning sir they have increased both in frequency and severity and these events cause damage to education related infrastructure for example when there's heavy rainfall or flooding schools roads connectivity all are distorted all are Disturbed second thing is as you were saying sir uh due to increase in temperature see every organism has perfect performance in a particular temperature range that is range of tolerance and when temperature chenia and that is significantly reducing absentismo the kids in the school not only kids even uh the teacher absentismo climate change has various elements uh some are natural factors some are human-made factors how you see the factors behind the climate change see sir if you see climate change as you have rightly said both natural and anthropogenic factors are there uh just in brief if I say we have seen like when humans were not there we have witnessed five time mass extinctions and these mass extinctions like last fifth mass extinction happened 66 million year ago human were not there right so it means we did not cause this natural Factor caus this and the Natural Factors like milanovich cycle Sunspot Cycle even large powerful volcanic eruption may be there meteorit may be there so these are the various Natural Factors but today when we say that climate change it's mainly attributed to the global warming and that is mainly attributed to the rising concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases right particularly carbon dioxide methane and nitrous oxide these are three greenhouse gases which are principally called as a big three greenhouse gases so the prime Source becomes these gases greenhouse gases and the global warming is the main source which causing the today's climate change is mainly driven by global mainly by but there may be some in the past we have seen climate change driven by cooling also but today's climate change is mainly driven by global warming but as you have already said earlier right climate change does not means only warming global warming is leading to the change in the environmental condition in lithosphere atmosphere hydrosphere biosphere also and because of this what is happening that some places extreme cold waves are happening or the frequency of the cold wav is increasing and some places the frequency of heat wave is also increasing so impacts are both ways because it is impacting the overall en world uh World economic Forum says that now there are seven times more intense heat waves in fact the frequency also and intensity also that is the root cause for all the problems like as Sir was also mentioning that when we say climate change what the climate change is doing that extreme weather events frequency and intensity both is increasing right some has increased by two times to three times to five times and example if you see polar reasons as per various reports if you see from three times to almost six to seven times the average temperature increase right is faster than the right average increas and because of this the surrounding biota and as well as the other aspects are getting impacted and one of them education also comes from the same area right so when we see education as the World Bank is talking about and also un report UNESCO report also talks about the climate change impact on the education especially it is children who are affected and we know that these things we are even observing when when children are going to school because of the extreme heat uh sometime the schools are shut down and during the fluts again shut down when there is Heavy Rain Again shut down or maybe water logging has happened so such frequent interruptions in these scholing that is causing One impact secondly when the climate changes are visible in our day-to-day life in in the way that uh we are using air conditioning so children and the even people they have become very sophisticated they are not used to of uh having that kind of the climatic variation effect so how you see the current scenario of education and up to what extent it is impacted by the climate change and what what should be done see first in nutshell if you see um impact of the climate change we can divide them into two parts what is the direct impact of the climate change and one is the indirect impact of the climate direct impact as Sir was mentioning like if you see extreme weather events like be the Wildfire be the heat wapes be the cold waves be the sea level rise be the extreme frequency or intense frequency both combining of the tropical Cyclones because of this the a the school infrastructure is getting damaged number two many a time in the Disaster Response the same school infrastructure is used as a center for the local people to be gathered to be given the Disaster Response support so one is that problem there another problem is that the indirect impact is also happening if you see the climate change a like crop damages are happening now if the crop damages are happening the people who are not having enough income opportunities they are not willing to send their kids to such kind of activities number two they are pulling those students out Dropout ratios are increasing and they will be asking them to employ some other places because of the flood conditions and because of the heat wve such conditions the migration is increasing so the people who are studying in certain schools a accessibility has decreased over there b infrastructure has decrease there see they themselves are not in a position to live there so they're migration migrating to the other places displacement is increasing migration is increasing now when they go some other place they themselves are not very sure how they're going to live there so the education get impacted that way also and along with this in indirect impacts like because of the average temperature increase the our physiological conditions behavioral conditions are also getting impacted impacted if you see small example now it is mainly overlooked because of the average temperature condition increase and because of this loss of livelihood opportunities domestic tensions are also increasing we see domestic abuse there kids are being abused by sometimes the family members one reason because they don't have income opportunities so that anger that tension gets kind of an indirect impact of such kind of a surrounding conditions to how do you see climate diplomacy because the developed Nations they are they are the main sources for the global warming and the emission of the greenhouse gas and now the developing nations they are actually suffering because the major population is here so how do you see the This Global uh diplomacy diplomacy yeah so before talking about uh Global diplomacy with respect to climate change to add to the education points some of the points like some things like we have observed like in India especially we have and many poor countries like in Africa and all there we have midday meal schemes where we have angan bodies and all so that is a very lucrative factor for children to come to school because that nutritional aspect is also being covered but now that when you're closing the school shutting down the schools or using the schools as a rescue center so that is also that the the the lucrative factor of having food there meal there and that is impacting the nutritional that is nutrition and initial few years are the formative years of a child's brain so that is also getting impacted and as for is like you were talking about and S were also talking about that it has impacted the cognitive skills and all so we have data I I would like to share some data like like there is a like like in eador Ecuador children who were exposed to extreme Al Nino floods while in utro they were shorter and perform worse on cognitive test 5 to 7even years later even Indian uh statistics have shown that drought reduced children's mathematics and reading scores in ruler Maharashtra by 4 1% and 2.7% respectively then similarly sir rainfall shocks in vitro in neutro during the first 15 years of life in India has negative impact on vocabulary at age five plus mathematics and non-cognitive abilities at age 15 so it is really impacting education education yeah and as far as climate diplomacy so climate change is a global issue and we are living in a globalized world so nobody can shun away from the the responsibility and as you have rightly said that that the main uh reason or the cause behind has been the uh Global North right and right now the global South is suffering for it and today climate change is one of the major dimensions of diplomacy in the world because this is a problem that majorly it is being faced by the developing countries or the global South because they are victims to it number one they do not have the resources to deal with it they do not have the Technologies to deal with it and all these things are in the hands of the global North so now they are bargaining with them and that to at their own cost so that is where the global South is very vulnerable right and where now India is also a leading voice in the area of climate change and India is taking many initiatives on the global platforms be it your un FC or B cop cop platforms so India has has taken many of the initiatives like even we have taken our own initiatives like International solar Alliance is there we have talked about coalation for disaster resilient infrastructure and all those initiatives are there and this is one of the factors which is also bringing many of the global South countries together because this is a common fight for them right so that has somehow shaped the diplomacy in the present times yeah uh Raj coming to you how this climate change is impacting the vulnerable section of the society sir this say your area sir that is the most concerning part of the climate change that climate change is not uh affecting everyone in a same proportion in fact the vulnerable are paying more prices of this climate change and as ma'am has rightly mentioned that they have no resources and in collectivity we can say Global South is facing the challenge of that so there are various kinds of challenges are faced by them if we see the literacy rate among the women again they are already having a disparity in this literacy rate if there is a climate change in the form of extreme form of flooding Amplified Ste he heat waves and all so the first one to drop out from the school were the girl child and that will create a disparity in education among the women who are already vulnerable similarly there are tribals and in tribal area as Sir Prashant s has rightly mentioned that we have more destruction of the infrastructure now infrastructure of school is destroyed in cities like Delhi due to climate change and places like tribal areas the tribal area will take lot of time for repairing or basically maintenance then Delhi so those people who are living in those tribal pocket will have to pay the price until the school building is intact so that is another factor and then when multiple climate change occur it also induces some kind of displacement so AP sing s has pointed out about the migration so when you leave that particular place because of flooding or other form of climate uh change induced disaster so what happened adjustment with the new setting is very difficult for a child and they prefer to drop out and engage themsel into some economic activity rather than pursu swing their education so again I would say ke uh as you have pointed out sir ke the climate change major cpit are the developed country who have gone for industrial revolution and many other things and now the price is paid by the vulnerable sections more so that is what we can say on that according to this report of the World Bank speciically a research report and it says that in Philippines uh in 2022 last year almost 21% schools were s because of the frequent floods and similarly in Pakistan there were around 3.5 million children who were impacted by the floods and in fact we have seen in country India especially in Delhi we have been observing since last couple of years when it is the period of heat wave the schools are closed when it is the rainy season again these schools get last year we have seen that most part of the north Delhi was flooded because of uh this rainfall and that concentrated rain is because of the global temperature change and then we also have seen how this pollution and extreme cold conditions now there are multiple reasons on the other hand we as a human being we are not now that much strong biologically to uh to sustain this kind of the change to factor so how you see this this can pose a threat in the future in upsc civil services PR 16th of June temperature in Delhi was 44° correct 45° and many students they told that ke when we were appearing in the examination especially in the second session when they were appearing in CET literally the mind was not that efficient correct or they were facing problem efficiency impct because of the temperature change 2 so how do you see this in future challenges sir on a similar line actually when you have rightly mentioned that if there is a temperature rise or if there is a severe winter or if there is a severe heat wave that is already a heat island and when the temperature rises your cognitive ability are adversely impacted in that so your performance basically in schooling or learning is rightly affected we have report of Esser which is conducted by Pam NG that regularly point out that there is a decline in efficiency of the student in their mathematical calculation and their basically uh reading comprehension so adverse impact is going to be having everyone included but vulnerable section as I again will say they have more to pay why because uh affluent section have Ways and Means to come out from it they can convey to the school management to install air condition or some other ways but the poor person don't have any choice so they are paying more price in this regard uh anud uh on the one hand the report says that there is lot of Dropout among the children because of this climate change but what I see with invention of the online classes and integration of the technical uh things in the education maybe that once the conditions are not good at or not favorable so the schools thems are transforming or changing from the offline mode to the online mode so don't you see this cannot also be the region in the Dropout and in fact no sir but what you have suggested actually shall be taken as a part of adaptation strategies like example when we say impact uh one thing is we had to understand that the climate change is a reality it's no longer a kind of that discussion where whether it is there or not there now if we had to address the impact of the climate change we can divide three strategies for two mainly one is a mitigation and one is adaptation one we can focus on controlling the those factors which are causing the climate change because if the climate change is there no matter what you do you will witness the adverse impact on not only education but all aspects of the life like we have seen if you have extreme flood events if you have extreme drought events what we can do in that if the flood is there the entire area is flooded what we can do much of that so one is a arresting the climate change by mitigating the greenhouse gases emission and other controlling factors to be controlled what you were saying is principally an important part of adaptation strategy like example if the school infrastructure is damaged and by the time the school infrastructure would come up there has to be continuity in the education and that continuity can be offered by the online medium like we have seen in Delhi so what has started happening here that when you have this winter when we Delhi Witnesses the SM condition because of the delhi's peculiar location so because of the mological condition plus pollution when the schools to be shut down now what we do we come up with the online classes yeah even the government will come out with the instructions that the schools can provide the online education but they cannot open the schools for physical means so that's become an adaptation stud we adapting over there so the studies do not stop what we need to actually we can add into that is what the world is missing as of now is that loss and damage is a reality and for that we had to have a global level and Regional and National level loss and damage fund and these loss and damage fund especially attributing to the vulnerable section of society as Ras was saying I would say we call it in the climate as a climate Injustice somebody would say how the climate can do Injustice but climate Injustice is a three important ingredient number one the climate change is caused by the people who are not the one who are most affected by the climate change so the greenhouse gases emission like example take an example of India India has 18% of the total population in the world but we are only having 5% accumulated greenhouse gases in the atmosphere so we have not contributed the climate change but India is one of the vulnerable countries to the climate change now you were talking about like Pakistan Guam Philippines if you read any report you'll find that the most negative impact is on the poor countries developing countries because they don't have adaptation abilities over so one aspect of the Injustice problem so they have less capability to adjust to those problem capability the people who have got benefit out of those resources they have reached a development level they had to create a kind they had to contribute Los and damage fund but significant contribution yes uh pran G coming to the health sector because climate change and that resulting into several floods and floods resulting into the water Bor diseases and diseases again resulting into the lack of the school attendance and we have seen the like we have the MOs how do you see the impact of climate change on health sir climate change uh as as Ser was saying it is impacting entire Health System same like education system in multiple ways right on one side Health infrastructure is get getting vulnerable like floods and and and extreme weather events Cyclones they cause damage inter relationship uh bad means impact on health is directly causing the impact in education sir one more uh uh thing is there like uh due to climate change in certain parts of India the incidence of early marriage has increased Bihar orisha in these states and early marriage leads to uh uh increased maternal mortality rate as well as infant mortality rate so that has also increased in India because of climate change related things third thing is Sir uh climate change and crop failures they negatively impact immunity and loss of immunity means the incidence of diseases that will increase like you can take the example of chumy fever in in that area so it's related to direct impact of global warming as well as it is related to the vector Bond thing so sir as a whole there are multiple channels through which climate change will be impacting the health system right R coming to you pollution is another factor which is again related to the climate change because rise of the carbon dioxide that is the basic source of the global warming or maybe the other greenhouse gases and somewhere there is relationship with the uh human behavior means anthropogenic sources so this uh Factor on the pollution how you see this pollution is causing the impact on education sir the very good example is Delhi itself whenever we have pollution we have pollution holidays unfortunately we are having pollution holidays across Metro in the world which is very un which is very unfortunate and C now they have controlled it so it is definitely when the children are not going to school it is going to definitely in Impact second thing is when you have pollution you have health advisories from the government that don't go out don't go for playing don't go for jogging so that is also in a way like uh like child is not able to go for the physical activities so that is also where the child is impacted not only child everyone of us everyone is impacted so it's a pollution itself and then pollution has a very negative impact on our psyche when you see everywhere Smog and you're just sitting inside the room it is having a very sulky kind of a feeling so that is also something where you are more depressed lot of depression is happening in the world because of this pollution and especially among children because children this is the age where you go out you play you enjoy but you are just stuck in a room you are forced to remain inside yes so so these are some of the problems and to add to R's uh like thing he was talking about tribal areas education is impacted especially in the tribal areas and it has a very deep concern also because many of our tribal areas are also having lwe problem left extremism problem like and we have uh like one of the solutions that we talk about in LW areas is education so it becomes a very vious vious cycle that you are not able to give them education no awareness so definitely lwe is gaining lot of um budding ground there so education is very important because at the bottom of every problem we talk about education we talk about awareness and as far as women are concerned especially girl child what we have seen is after attaining adolesence they many of the girls are not being sent to school because of hygiene factors but now if you will not be having clean water in your um schools or if you are not going to have uh 24 into 7 Supply in the toilets in the washroom so definitely many of the girls would drop out and we are seeing cases of water wives in Maharashtra and all so these kind of exploitation in a way would happen uh amongst the women folk also all right uh RZ how do you see uh the education this impact of climate change on other socio economic factors sir as Prashant sir has mentioned ke climate change has a multi-dimensional impact on every sections of the society no one is basically uh free from any kind of impact caused by the climate change so again we have already discussed briefly on the vulnerable section just to add some data perspective to it the tribals in India have 59% literacy rate they are already lagging behind and then if we talk about Equitable education under the National Education policy also this climate change is vulnerable make them more vulnerable same goes with women they are 65% in terms of literacy and there is also another set of vulnerability ma'am was talking about the health sir was also talking about the health there is also a mental health issue which is caused due to uh your lockdown impos due to the climate change especially the pollution induced lockdown and united nation has mentioned that it causes more increase in domestic violence as AP Singh Ser was pointed out they named a term also for that called as Shadow pandemic during the covid-19 crisis where more uh involvement in the household Affairs has created more mental pressure and that comes out in the form of violence against children against the family members then we have also the economic Factor climate change is causing most of the people losing out their job and when they lose out their job their per capita income or their income basically earning is going to affect and that is going to have a reple effect in other areas also we see that uh climate change causes floods corre then floods causes the F fall in the agricultural production cor and there can be a production shortfall and the purchasing power reduces that is one side similarly on heat waves during that time also many crops are not able to survive frequent fires in the forest are cring again the problem recent UT fire is an examp we seen and this fire incidence has drastically increased even in the developed countries recently also we have seen California Forest the fire is going on so as like economic aspect you were talking about here also the most vulnerable section like Street vendors daily Hawkers sir daily wage earners and they are most impacted by climate change like we have seen very recently when we were going through heat wave in Delhi so there was an advisory from the LG of Delhi that during uh afternoon time nobody is going to to um employ the laborers who are working outside so they their their economic impact is huge yes they are going to be impacted deeply by this climate change U what I see that the global climate change is also having certain positive aspects in terms of when we have certain threat or fear we try to invent the environmental friendly techn technology like now people have started constructing green houses the tree Plantation has become important and the awareness among the people has started to come to consume less water or to save water or to go for the environmental friendly techniques there are the energy appliances which are less consuming less energy consuming energy efficient now we are going for the green hydrogen we are going for the solar power we are going for the other renewable energy sources which are done under pressure but these are the positive outcome of the climate change and the impact can be minimized we have one question uh asked by araj rator laws are there to control the pollution but not properly checked and implemented by the government authorities are you see an it's more of a statement rather than a question but yes definitely uh every country has so many laws and we do have like example water prevention and control of pollution act air prevention and control of pollution act we have so many like example ozone depleting substances related rules so we do have laws but eventually it has a two facets over there a implementation but when it comes to the climate change Concept in the climate change it's not a local phenomena pollution is pollution we can divide into two parts one is a local pollution and one is a global pollution in the global pollution like we say transboundary context is there if something is being done in one country you may not be able to prevent it because it's beyond your control there for for that matter example greenhouse gases like I was saying that India is a vulnerable country despite India having only 5% share in the global greenhouse gases accumulated in the atmosphere which is causing the climate change right so similarly if you talk about the persistent organic pollutant we talk about the ozone depleting substance is so it's not about very low but that's a normal point is there yes we do have laws like example subaman committee recommended that we do have many laws but what we need is a dedicated mechanism to implement those environmental laws yes on that part of a specific question we do need to have a environmental law Management Authority so that we can Implement those laws and number two since we have many laws into the different different areas a kind of a little coherence is also missing so just to add one more Point again law are there for child marriages also against the child marriages but child marriages is going on so there is some yes so there is some responsibility from the point of view of Citizen this is where I wanted to come it's not the only government which is responsible or they have to enforce it but yes there are laws but ultimately we have to follow correct sir that is what important factor is so again this education comes is important from civil services Mains examination perspective point of view how do you see this climate change and its impact on the various sectors this area is an important for the exam sir it is very important uh two types of questions may be asked from this section one is uh the causal side of climate change why climate change is happening what are the areas which are affected by climate change and the second thing is how climate change is impacting different sectors like last year uh there was a question in Main's examination discussed the impact of climate change on food Security in developing in in tropical countries of the world in prelims also they they asked about uh the question about pet lands of Congo Basin so in prelims as well as Mains questions are coming from climate change area and when we talk about climate change two systems are very important one is atmospheric system and second is ocean so there is possibility that they will be asking questions about like uh ocean circulations amoc sea level rise or or Coastal ecosystems how they are impacted due to sea level rise so in last 10 years uh every year at least two questions were asked in the main examination from these areas two years back there was question in paper two international relations about India's climate diplomacy so they so Urban fling yeah do you see any area important climate change it has all Dimension so it has to be covered in that way like uh a the student should be focusing on per se understanding of the climate change B the various International conventions protocols the development which has happened at the international level and as well as the national level example one question is due to be asked what are the measures taken by the Indian authorities Visa V the climate change direction example so many programs are there ranging from the example National CL clean air program or if you talk about the ozone depleting substances then we say National cooling action plan is there if you see Mobility transport then e vehicle promotions so there are the many aspect will be there example movement to the renewable sources of energy so that is one but specifically student should prepare the questions on the specific impacts like climate change Vis like food security climate change vis a health aspect climate change vis a agricultural area climate change versus right Marine ecosystem climate change and sea level rise climate change in Himalayan ecosystem climate change in Western Hearts so like that also a small small Dimension many times a student find a shock in this way because they have studied the topic in totality but they miss that specific nuances of a particular area like example we talk about the climate change impact on Himalayan ecosystem right so here they sometimes may find it that what is more pertinent what is more relevant to the Himalayan ecosystem so that Dimension has to be talking about Hol holistic Dimensions so they have asked essay also so essay was alternative Technologies for a climate change resilient India so the whole aspect of climate change whole aspect of Technologies be it your social Technologies be it your uh environmental Technologies all kind of Technologies you can inculcate in this essay so you have to prepare from all the angles World B research and that was climate change impact on education n those are becoming the hindrance for the development of the developing countries developing nations underdeveloped Nations was mainly because of the global warming caused by the greenhouse gas emissions or large scale emissions done by the developed Nations global and the amount of the greenhouse gases which they have added in the environment that has resulted to the rise of the global temperature Global temperature environmental phenomena distur there is rise in sea level there is uh increase of the frequency of floods rains droughts not only that intensity so there are so many other factors which are dependent on the climate change as well as dependent on the human cause factors this technology invention is also because of the forceful conditions and now the entire world is concerned about the climate change so let us put together together plant more trees consume less uh carbon dioxide or the other uh greenhouse gas emitted substances so that we pollute less and we minimize the impact of climate change thank you very much I hope this uh in this discussion you find useful for your exam and study and your knowledge thank you very much J Hind

welcome to Beyond classroom program today we are going to discuss the impact of climate on various aspects like impact of climate on environment education economy Health Agriculture and there are so many other factors and the focus will be on education because of the climate change now the children are facing more difficulty in learning their efficiency is coming down not only that they are not able to attend these schools the schools are set off and we have seen during the winters the temperature conditions are so harsh that the schools are shut down and we have seen more frequent heat waves and because of heat waves again the schools are shut down then there are frequent flirts and flirts again causing the shutdown office schools and you see the impact of the pollution and in Delhi especially we have seen almost 15 days 2 to 3 weeks schools are closed on account of the PO ution and the pollution is again caused by the climate change so there are so many other factors which are responsible for education and the impact of climate is one of them so today we will discuss uh the effect of climate change on education especially but other factors also so prant my first question to you is that what are the factors behind the climate change and how this climate change is impacting in education sir uh climate change is a basically multi-dimensional change in entire Earth system it involves change in atmosphere it involves change in Ocean it involves change in uh lithosphere all the domains of our system and it is happening in a vious way like for example we are releasing greenhouse gases these greenhouse gases are causing global warming and due to global warming some changes are happening in every aspect of envir cryosphere is melting sea level is rising ocean is getting acidified the the the mud flows are happening all these changes they are interacting in a very vicious way through positive feedbacks right and that&#39;s why climate change is happening in a exponential manner means whatever has happened in last 10 years in that same magnitude of change will happen in next 5 years or 3 years and this duration of that change will keep on decreasing so the today&#39;s disc discussion is inspired with a report which has been published by the World Bank and that was published in April the observations are that climate change is causing a deep impact on the education especially in the children and also the world economic Forum has revealed the data that there are more frequent floods now there are more frequent droughts now there are more frequent heat waves now in fact as compared to 1960s now the heat wave is five times more impact more intense so this world Bank report says when children they study in the adverse climatic conditions they are not able to perform their efficiency of learning has come down their interest in education also losing so climate as a factor how you see in the education sir uh climate is impacting education system in multiple ways first of fall due to climate change the extreme weather events as you were mentioning sir they have increased both in frequency and severity and these events cause damage to education related infrastructure for example when there&#39;s heavy rainfall or flooding schools roads connectivity all are distorted all are Disturbed second thing is as you were saying sir uh due to increase in temperature see every organism has perfect performance in a particular temperature range that is range of tolerance and when temperature chenia and that is significantly reducing absentismo the kids in the school not only kids even uh the teacher absentismo climate change has various elements uh some are natural factors some are human-made factors how you see the factors behind the climate change see sir if you see climate change as you have rightly said both natural and anthropogenic factors are there uh just in brief if I say we have seen like when humans were not there we have witnessed five time mass extinctions and these mass extinctions like last fifth mass extinction happened 66 million year ago human were not there right so it means we did not cause this natural Factor caus this and the Natural Factors like milanovich cycle Sunspot Cycle even large powerful volcanic eruption may be there meteorit may be there so these are the various Natural Factors but today when we say that climate change it&#39;s mainly attributed to the global warming and that is mainly attributed to the rising concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases right particularly carbon dioxide methane and nitrous oxide these are three greenhouse gases which are principally called as a big three greenhouse gases so the prime Source becomes these gases greenhouse gases and the global warming is the main source which causing the today&#39;s climate change is mainly driven by global mainly by but there may be some in the past we have seen climate change driven by cooling also but today&#39;s climate change is mainly driven by global warming but as you have already said earlier right climate change does not means only warming global warming is leading to the change in the environmental condition in lithosphere atmosphere hydrosphere biosphere also and because of this what is happening that some places extreme cold waves are happening or the frequency of the cold wav is increasing and some places the frequency of heat wave is also increasing so impacts are both ways because it is impacting the overall en world uh World economic Forum says that now there are seven times more intense heat waves in fact the frequency also and intensity also that is the root cause for all the problems like as Sir was also mentioning that when we say climate change what the climate change is doing that extreme weather events frequency and intensity both is increasing right some has increased by two times to three times to five times and example if you see polar reasons as per various reports if you see from three times to almost six to seven times the average temperature increase right is faster than the right average increas and because of this the surrounding biota and as well as the other aspects are getting impacted and one of them education also comes from the same area right so when we see education as the World Bank is talking about and also un report UNESCO report also talks about the climate change impact on the education especially it is children who are affected and we know that these things we are even observing when when children are going to school because of the extreme heat uh sometime the schools are shut down and during the fluts again shut down when there is Heavy Rain Again shut down or maybe water logging has happened so such frequent interruptions in these scholing that is causing One impact secondly when the climate changes are visible in our day-to-day life in in the way that uh we are using air conditioning so children and the even people they have become very sophisticated they are not used to of uh having that kind of the climatic variation effect so how you see the current scenario of education and up to what extent it is impacted by the climate change and what what should be done see first in nutshell if you see um impact of the climate change we can divide them into two parts what is the direct impact of the climate change and one is the indirect impact of the climate direct impact as Sir was mentioning like if you see extreme weather events like be the Wildfire be the heat wapes be the cold waves be the sea level rise be the extreme frequency or intense frequency both combining of the tropical Cyclones because of this the a the school infrastructure is getting damaged number two many a time in the Disaster Response the same school infrastructure is used as a center for the local people to be gathered to be given the Disaster Response support so one is that problem there another problem is that the indirect impact is also happening if you see the climate change a like crop damages are happening now if the crop damages are happening the people who are not having enough income opportunities they are not willing to send their kids to such kind of activities number two they are pulling those students out Dropout ratios are increasing and they will be asking them to employ some other places because of the flood conditions and because of the heat wve such conditions the migration is increasing so the people who are studying in certain schools a accessibility has decreased over there b infrastructure has decrease there see they themselves are not in a position to live there so they&#39;re migration migrating to the other places displacement is increasing migration is increasing now when they go some other place they themselves are not very sure how they&#39;re going to live there so the education get impacted that way also and along with this in indirect impacts like because of the average temperature increase the our physiological conditions behavioral conditions are also getting impacted impacted if you see small example now it is mainly overlooked because of the average temperature condition increase and because of this loss of livelihood opportunities domestic tensions are also increasing we see domestic abuse there kids are being abused by sometimes the family members one reason because they don&#39;t have income opportunities so that anger that tension gets kind of an indirect impact of such kind of a surrounding conditions to how do you see climate diplomacy because the developed Nations they are they are the main sources for the global warming and the emission of the greenhouse gas and now the developing nations they are actually suffering because the major population is here so how do you see the This Global uh diplomacy diplomacy yeah so before talking about uh Global diplomacy with respect to climate change to add to the education points some of the points like some things like we have observed like in India especially we have and many poor countries like in Africa and all there we have midday meal schemes where we have angan bodies and all so that is a very lucrative factor for children to come to school because that nutritional aspect is also being covered but now that when you&#39;re closing the school shutting down the schools or using the schools as a rescue center so that is also that the the the lucrative factor of having food there meal there and that is impacting the nutritional that is nutrition and initial few years are the formative years of a child&#39;s brain so that is also getting impacted and as for is like you were talking about and S were also talking about that it has impacted the cognitive skills and all so we have data I I would like to share some data like like there is a like like in eador Ecuador children who were exposed to extreme Al Nino floods while in utro they were shorter and perform worse on cognitive test 5 to 7even years later even Indian uh statistics have shown that drought reduced children&#39;s mathematics and reading scores in ruler Maharashtra by 4 1% and 2.7% respectively then similarly sir rainfall shocks in vitro in neutro during the first 15 years of life in India has negative impact on vocabulary at age five plus mathematics and non-cognitive abilities at age 15 so it is really impacting education education yeah and as far as climate diplomacy so climate change is a global issue and we are living in a globalized world so nobody can shun away from the the responsibility and as you have rightly said that that the main uh reason or the cause behind has been the uh Global North right and right now the global South is suffering for it and today climate change is one of the major dimensions of diplomacy in the world because this is a problem that majorly it is being faced by the developing countries or the global South because they are victims to it number one they do not have the resources to deal with it they do not have the Technologies to deal with it and all these things are in the hands of the global North so now they are bargaining with them and that to at their own cost so that is where the global South is very vulnerable right and where now India is also a leading voice in the area of climate change and India is taking many initiatives on the global platforms be it your un FC or B cop cop platforms so India has has taken many of the initiatives like even we have taken our own initiatives like International solar Alliance is there we have talked about coalation for disaster resilient infrastructure and all those initiatives are there and this is one of the factors which is also bringing many of the global South countries together because this is a common fight for them right so that has somehow shaped the diplomacy in the present times yeah uh Raj coming to you how this climate change is impacting the vulnerable section of the society sir this say your area sir that is the most concerning part of the climate change that climate change is not uh affecting everyone in a same proportion in fact the vulnerable are paying more prices of this climate change and as ma&#39;am has rightly mentioned that they have no resources and in collectivity we can say Global South is facing the challenge of that so there are various kinds of challenges are faced by them if we see the literacy rate among the women again they are already having a disparity in this literacy rate if there is a climate change in the form of extreme form of flooding Amplified Ste he heat waves and all so the first one to drop out from the school were the girl child and that will create a disparity in education among the women who are already vulnerable similarly there are tribals and in tribal area as Sir Prashant s has rightly mentioned that we have more destruction of the infrastructure now infrastructure of school is destroyed in cities like Delhi due to climate change and places like tribal areas the tribal area will take lot of time for repairing or basically maintenance then Delhi so those people who are living in those tribal pocket will have to pay the price until the school building is intact so that is another factor and then when multiple climate change occur it also induces some kind of displacement so AP sing s has pointed out about the migration so when you leave that particular place because of flooding or other form of climate uh change induced disaster so what happened adjustment with the new setting is very difficult for a child and they prefer to drop out and engage themsel into some economic activity rather than pursu swing their education so again I would say ke uh as you have pointed out sir ke the climate change major cpit are the developed country who have gone for industrial revolution and many other things and now the price is paid by the vulnerable sections more so that is what we can say on that according to this report of the World Bank speciically a research report and it says that in Philippines uh in 2022 last year almost 21% schools were s because of the frequent floods and similarly in Pakistan there were around 3.5 million children who were impacted by the floods and in fact we have seen in country India especially in Delhi we have been observing since last couple of years when it is the period of heat wave the schools are closed when it is the rainy season again these schools get last year we have seen that most part of the north Delhi was flooded because of uh this rainfall and that concentrated rain is because of the global temperature change and then we also have seen how this pollution and extreme cold conditions now there are multiple reasons on the other hand we as a human being we are not now that much strong biologically to uh to sustain this kind of the change to factor so how you see this this can pose a threat in the future in upsc civil services PR 16th of June temperature in Delhi was 44° correct 45° and many students they told that ke when we were appearing in the examination especially in the second session when they were appearing in CET literally the mind was not that efficient correct or they were facing problem efficiency impct because of the temperature change 2 so how do you see this in future challenges sir on a similar line actually when you have rightly mentioned that if there is a temperature rise or if there is a severe winter or if there is a severe heat wave that is already a heat island and when the temperature rises your cognitive ability are adversely impacted in that so your performance basically in schooling or learning is rightly affected we have report of Esser which is conducted by Pam NG that regularly point out that there is a decline in efficiency of the student in their mathematical calculation and their basically uh reading comprehension so adverse impact is going to be having everyone included but vulnerable section as I again will say they have more to pay why because uh affluent section have Ways and Means to come out from it they can convey to the school management to install air condition or some other ways but the poor person don&#39;t have any choice so they are paying more price in this regard uh anud uh on the one hand the report says that there is lot of Dropout among the children because of this climate change but what I see with invention of the online classes and integration of the technical uh things in the education maybe that once the conditions are not good at or not favorable so the schools thems are transforming or changing from the offline mode to the online mode so don&#39;t you see this cannot also be the region in the Dropout and in fact no sir but what you have suggested actually shall be taken as a part of adaptation strategies like example when we say impact uh one thing is we had to understand that the climate change is a reality it&#39;s no longer a kind of that discussion where whether it is there or not there now if we had to address the impact of the climate change we can divide three strategies for two mainly one is a mitigation and one is adaptation one we can focus on controlling the those factors which are causing the climate change because if the climate change is there no matter what you do you will witness the adverse impact on not only education but all aspects of the life like we have seen if you have extreme flood events if you have extreme drought events what we can do in that if the flood is there the entire area is flooded what we can do much of that so one is a arresting the climate change by mitigating the greenhouse gases emission and other controlling factors to be controlled what you were saying is principally an important part of adaptation strategy like example if the school infrastructure is damaged and by the time the school infrastructure would come up there has to be continuity in the education and that continuity can be offered by the online medium like we have seen in Delhi so what has started happening here that when you have this winter when we Delhi Witnesses the SM condition because of the delhi&#39;s peculiar location so because of the mological condition plus pollution when the schools to be shut down now what we do we come up with the online classes yeah even the government will come out with the instructions that the schools can provide the online education but they cannot open the schools for physical means so that&#39;s become an adaptation stud we adapting over there so the studies do not stop what we need to actually we can add into that is what the world is missing as of now is that loss and damage is a reality and for that we had to have a global level and Regional and National level loss and damage fund and these loss and damage fund especially attributing to the vulnerable section of society as Ras was saying I would say we call it in the climate as a climate Injustice somebody would say how the climate can do Injustice but climate Injustice is a three important ingredient number one the climate change is caused by the people who are not the one who are most affected by the climate change so the greenhouse gases emission like example take an example of India India has 18% of the total population in the world but we are only having 5% accumulated greenhouse gases in the atmosphere so we have not contributed the climate change but India is one of the vulnerable countries to the climate change now you were talking about like Pakistan Guam Philippines if you read any report you&#39;ll find that the most negative impact is on the poor countries developing countries because they don&#39;t have adaptation abilities over so one aspect of the Injustice problem so they have less capability to adjust to those problem capability the people who have got benefit out of those resources they have reached a development level they had to create a kind they had to contribute Los and damage fund but significant contribution yes uh pran G coming to the health sector because climate change and that resulting into several floods and floods resulting into the water Bor diseases and diseases again resulting into the lack of the school attendance and we have seen the like we have the MOs how do you see the impact of climate change on health sir climate change uh as as Ser was saying it is impacting entire Health System same like education system in multiple ways right on one side Health infrastructure is get getting vulnerable like floods and and and extreme weather events Cyclones they cause damage inter relationship uh bad means impact on health is directly causing the impact in education sir one more uh uh thing is there like uh due to climate change in certain parts of India the incidence of early marriage has increased Bihar orisha in these states and early marriage leads to uh uh increased maternal mortality rate as well as infant mortality rate so that has also increased in India because of climate change related things third thing is Sir uh climate change and crop failures they negatively impact immunity and loss of immunity means the incidence of diseases that will increase like you can take the example of chumy fever in in that area so it&#39;s related to direct impact of global warming as well as it is related to the vector Bond thing so sir as a whole there are multiple channels through which climate change will be impacting the health system right R coming to you pollution is another factor which is again related to the climate change because rise of the carbon dioxide that is the basic source of the global warming or maybe the other greenhouse gases and somewhere there is relationship with the uh human behavior means anthropogenic sources so this uh Factor on the pollution how you see this pollution is causing the impact on education sir the very good example is Delhi itself whenever we have pollution we have pollution holidays unfortunately we are having pollution holidays across Metro in the world which is very un which is very unfortunate and C now they have controlled it so it is definitely when the children are not going to school it is going to definitely in Impact second thing is when you have pollution you have health advisories from the government that don&#39;t go out don&#39;t go for playing don&#39;t go for jogging so that is also in a way like uh like child is not able to go for the physical activities so that is also where the child is impacted not only child everyone of us everyone is impacted so it&#39;s a pollution itself and then pollution has a very negative impact on our psyche when you see everywhere Smog and you&#39;re just sitting inside the room it is having a very sulky kind of a feeling so that is also something where you are more depressed lot of depression is happening in the world because of this pollution and especially among children because children this is the age where you go out you play you enjoy but you are just stuck in a room you are forced to remain inside yes so so these are some of the problems and to add to R&#39;s uh like thing he was talking about tribal areas education is impacted especially in the tribal areas and it has a very deep concern also because many of our tribal areas are also having lwe problem left extremism problem like and we have uh like one of the solutions that we talk about in LW areas is education so it becomes a very vious vious cycle that you are not able to give them education no awareness so definitely lwe is gaining lot of um budding ground there so education is very important because at the bottom of every problem we talk about education we talk about awareness and as far as women are concerned especially girl child what we have seen is after attaining adolesence they many of the girls are not being sent to school because of hygiene factors but now if you will not be having clean water in your um schools or if you are not going to have uh 24 into 7 Supply in the toilets in the washroom so definitely many of the girls would drop out and we are seeing cases of water wives in Maharashtra and all so these kind of exploitation in a way would happen uh amongst the women folk also all right uh RZ how do you see uh the education this impact of climate change on other socio economic factors sir as Prashant sir has mentioned ke climate change has a multi-dimensional impact on every sections of the society no one is basically uh free from any kind of impact caused by the climate change so again we have already discussed briefly on the vulnerable section just to add some data perspective to it the tribals in India have 59% literacy rate they are already lagging behind and then if we talk about Equitable education under the National Education policy also this climate change is vulnerable make them more vulnerable same goes with women they are 65% in terms of literacy and there is also another set of vulnerability ma&#39;am was talking about the health sir was also talking about the health there is also a mental health issue which is caused due to uh your lockdown impos due to the climate change especially the pollution induced lockdown and united nation has mentioned that it causes more increase in domestic violence as AP Singh Ser was pointed out they named a term also for that called as Shadow pandemic during the covid-19 crisis where more uh involvement in the household Affairs has created more mental pressure and that comes out in the form of violence against children against the family members then we have also the economic Factor climate change is causing most of the people losing out their job and when they lose out their job their per capita income or their income basically earning is going to affect and that is going to have a reple effect in other areas also we see that uh climate change causes floods corre then floods causes the F fall in the agricultural production cor and there can be a production shortfall and the purchasing power reduces that is one side similarly on heat waves during that time also many crops are not able to survive frequent fires in the forest are cring again the problem recent UT fire is an examp we seen and this fire incidence has drastically increased even in the developed countries recently also we have seen California Forest the fire is going on so as like economic aspect you were talking about here also the most vulnerable section like Street vendors daily Hawkers sir daily wage earners and they are most impacted by climate change like we have seen very recently when we were going through heat wave in Delhi so there was an advisory from the LG of Delhi that during uh afternoon time nobody is going to to um employ the laborers who are working outside so they their their economic impact is huge yes they are going to be impacted deeply by this climate change U what I see that the global climate change is also having certain positive aspects in terms of when we have certain threat or fear we try to invent the environmental friendly techn technology like now people have started constructing green houses the tree Plantation has become important and the awareness among the people has started to come to consume less water or to save water or to go for the environmental friendly techniques there are the energy appliances which are less consuming less energy consuming energy efficient now we are going for the green hydrogen we are going for the solar power we are going for the other renewable energy sources which are done under pressure but these are the positive outcome of the climate change and the impact can be minimized we have one question uh asked by araj rator laws are there to control the pollution but not properly checked and implemented by the government authorities are you see an it&#39;s more of a statement rather than a question but yes definitely uh every country has so many laws and we do have like example water prevention and control of pollution act air prevention and control of pollution act we have so many like example ozone depleting substances related rules so we do have laws but eventually it has a two facets over there a implementation but when it comes to the climate change Concept in the climate change it&#39;s not a local phenomena pollution is pollution we can divide into two parts one is a local pollution and one is a global pollution in the global pollution like we say transboundary context is there if something is being done in one country you may not be able to prevent it because it&#39;s beyond your control there for for that matter example greenhouse gases like I was saying that India is a vulnerable country despite India having only 5% share in the global greenhouse gases accumulated in the atmosphere which is causing the climate change right so similarly if you talk about the persistent organic pollutant we talk about the ozone depleting substance is so it&#39;s not about very low but that&#39;s a normal point is there yes we do have laws like example subaman committee recommended that we do have many laws but what we need is a dedicated mechanism to implement those environmental laws yes on that part of a specific question we do need to have a environmental law Management Authority so that we can Implement those laws and number two since we have many laws into the different different areas a kind of a little coherence is also missing so just to add one more Point again law are there for child marriages also against the child marriages but child marriages is going on so there is some yes so there is some responsibility from the point of view of Citizen this is where I wanted to come it&#39;s not the only government which is responsible or they have to enforce it but yes there are laws but ultimately we have to follow correct sir that is what important factor is so again this education comes is important from civil services Mains examination perspective point of view how do you see this climate change and its impact on the various sectors this area is an important for the exam sir it is very important uh two types of questions may be asked from this section one is uh the causal side of climate change why climate change is happening what are the areas which are affected by climate change and the second thing is how climate change is impacting different sectors like last year uh there was a question in Main&#39;s examination discussed the impact of climate change on food Security in developing in in tropical countries of the world in prelims also they they asked about uh the question about pet lands of Congo Basin so in prelims as well as Mains questions are coming from climate change area and when we talk about climate change two systems are very important one is atmospheric system and second is ocean so there is possibility that they will be asking questions about like uh ocean circulations amoc sea level rise or or Coastal ecosystems how they are impacted due to sea level rise so in last 10 years uh every year at least two questions were asked in the main examination from these areas two years back there was question in paper two international relations about India&#39;s climate diplomacy so they so Urban fling yeah do you see any area important climate change it has all Dimension so it has to be covered in that way like uh a the student should be focusing on per se understanding of the climate change B the various International conventions protocols the development which has happened at the international level and as well as the national level example one question is due to be asked what are the measures taken by the Indian authorities Visa V the climate change direction example so many programs are there ranging from the example National CL clean air program or if you talk about the ozone depleting substances then we say National cooling action plan is there if you see Mobility transport then e vehicle promotions so there are the many aspect will be there example movement to the renewable sources of energy so that is one but specifically student should prepare the questions on the specific impacts like climate change Vis like food security climate change vis a health aspect climate change vis a agricultural area climate change versus right Marine ecosystem climate change and sea level rise climate change in Himalayan ecosystem climate change in Western Hearts so like that also a small small Dimension many times a student find a shock in this way because they have studied the topic in totality but they miss that specific nuances of a particular area like example we talk about the climate change impact on Himalayan ecosystem right so here they sometimes may find it that what is more pertinent what is more relevant to the Himalayan ecosystem so that Dimension has to be talking about Hol holistic Dimensions so they have asked essay also so essay was alternative Technologies for a climate change resilient India so the whole aspect of climate change whole aspect of Technologies be it your social Technologies be it your uh environmental Technologies all kind of Technologies you can inculcate in this essay so you have to prepare from all the angles World B research and that was climate change impact on education n those are becoming the hindrance for the development of the developing countries developing nations underdeveloped Nations was mainly because of the global warming caused by the greenhouse gas emissions or large scale emissions done by the developed Nations global and the amount of the greenhouse gases which they have added in the environment that has resulted to the rise of the global temperature Global temperature environmental phenomena distur there is rise in sea level there is uh increase of the frequency of floods rains droughts not only that intensity so there are so many other factors which are dependent on the climate change as well as dependent on the human cause factors this technology invention is also because of the forceful conditions and now the entire world is concerned about the climate change so let us put together together plant more trees consume less uh carbon dioxide or the other uh greenhouse gas emitted substances so that we pollute less and we minimize the impact of climate change thank you very much I hope this uh in this discussion you find useful for your exam and study and your knowledge thank you very much J Hind

Transcript for:Impact of Climate Change on Education and Other Sectors

Transcript for:
Impact of Climate Change on Education and Other Sectors