The February Revolution 1917
Introduction
- A pivotal event in Russian history, leading to the end of the Tsarist regime.
- Part of the broader Russian Revolution era (1917-1923).
Causes of the February Revolution
- Economic Hardships: Poor working conditions, food shortages, and inflation.
- World War I: Drained resources and led to massive casualties.
- Political Factors: Long-standing discontent with autocratic rule; failure of the Duma.
- Social Discontent: Strikes and protests by workers and soldiers.
Key Events
- Initial Protests: Began in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) in late February 1917.
- Women’s Day March: On February 23, women led marches for bread and peace.
- Escalation: Protests grew into mass demonstrations with workers joining in.
- Mutiny: The military began to side with protesters; pivotal in the Tsar's decision to abdicate.
Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
- Date: March 2, 1917.
- Outcome: End of Romanov rule; formation of the Provisional Government.
- Significance: Marked the collapse of the monarchy and set the stage for future political changes.
Formation of Provisional Government
- Leadership: Initially led by Prince Georgy Lvov.
- Challenges: Continued war pressures, political instability, dual power with Soviets.
Impact and Consequences
- Immediate Effects: End of autocracy, reforms attempted by Provisional Government.
- Long-term: Led to the October Revolution, 1917 Bolshevik rise to power.
Conclusion
- The February Revolution was a crucial turning point in Russia's history.
- Significantly influenced by both internal discontent and external wartime pressures.
- Set the stage for subsequent revolutionary activities and regime changes.
Additional Resources
These notes summarize key points from the lecture on the February Revolution of 1917, capturing the causes, key events, and consequences of the revolution.