What's up everyone, welcome back to the channel. This is Recharge chapter no. 2. I hope chapter no. 1 went well for you. Now it's time for chapter no. 2. You will get 3 things in the description. 1. Detailed video of this chapter. 2. G&G video. 3. Top 5 questions of this chapter. Do put it. Let's begin. Let's start with chapter no. 2. Chapter no. 2 is Principles of Management. What are the Principles of Management? Principles of Management is a general guideline. It's not a readymade solution to any problem. It's a general guideline which helps the managers in making good decisions and in policy formulation. Sir, who gave these Principles of Management? Two people's contribution is main. One is the father of General Management, whom we call Henry Fayol. And one is the father of Scientific Management, whom we call Frederick Winslow Taylor. So we have to read the Principles of both of them. And we have to read the techniques of Taylor. Chapter will end. So first of all, what are the Principles? General Guidelines which help you in decision making and action. What are these Principles? No. 1 is Contingent. Contingent means that you have to change yourself You will change yourself according to the situation. Now look, there is discipline. Discipline changes according to the situation. You have to follow the rules. But the rules are different according to the situation. School rules are different. College rules are different. House rules are different. As per situation is different. So all the Principles are contingent. All are general guidelines. There is no readymade solution to any problem. It is told only according to a general situation. How is it made? By practice and experimentation. Both Fayol and Taylor have explained their observation and experimentation through these Principles. Children are flexible. No principle is rigid. You can change them according to you. Like there is division of work. Division of work means sharing work. Now how much to share? To whom to share? To share or not to share? All this is flexible. Right. Behavioral in nature. All the Principles are based on human behavior. They are based on humans. So their nature is behavioral. Next comes cause and effect. Every Principle tells you that if you do this, then this will happen. Like I said, if you study well, then numbers will come. Cause and its effect. If you don't study, then numbers won't come. Cause and its effect. Similarly, in all the Principles, we get to see cause and effect relationship. If we apply division of work, then specialization will come. If we apply discipline, then goals will be achieved on time. Every Principle is based on cause and effect. And lastly, universally applicable. All the Principles will apply to all the businesses. But you will have to do a little modification in them. After this, let's come, son, why are all these Principles important? Why are we taught? Because they give useful insights to managers. Insights means they give inspiration. See how things happen in real world situations. So Principles provide you useful insights into reality. Secondly, when you read and understand Principles, then you learn all those things, which Fayol and Taylor have done in their life. So somewhere, all these Principles help us in proper utilization of resources. There is no wastage. Thirdly, because all these Principles are scientifically designed, then your decisions are also scientific decisions. Fourth, Principles are flexible. And are based on changing environment. So when the environment will change, these Principles will help you to change management as well. Next, effective administration. With the help of these Principles, you can do proper administration. You can make proper control on your organization. There will be no overlapping anywhere. Your goals will be achieved. And after this, social responsibility. There are many such Principles, children. In which we discuss things towards society. That we have to do good for the society. We have to properly utilize the resources of the society. We don't have to wastage. So if we follow the Principles, then we will also become a socially responsible organization. Then we have training, education and research. In these Principles, we have also been told how to train managers. How important is the education of the managers. How to properly train all the people who are working. How much should their education be. And how to do their research work further. All these children help us with the Principles. After this, we come to the Principles of FAOL. I have told you the memory technique of this. DAD, PEPSI, PIECES, ROO. Many memory techniques are at different places. But we have been following this for years. DAD, PEPSI, PIECES, ROO. So first of all, DAD. D stands for Division of Work. In Division of Work, FAOL said that no matter how capable a person is, he cannot do everything himself. Divide the work. Give every work to the specialist. Your overall specialization will come in the work. In Authority and Responsibility, FAOL said that if you are giving someone responsibility, then you also give him powers. If you are giving someone powers, then you also give him responsibility. If you have given someone only powers, and he has not fulfilled the responsibility, then he misuses the powers somewhere. Like in social media, powers are misused somewhere. And if you give someone responsibility, then he will not misuse the powers. So with Authority, Responsibility is also needed. Power should come only with Responsibility. Third is Discipline. What is the main keyword in Discipline? Rules, Regulations, Obedience of Principles. And those who are not obeying, penalties on them. This is very important. Then we have Principle of Order. What does Principle of Order mean? It means Arrangement. Arrangement means there should be a fixed place for everything and everyone. For every individual, there should be a fixed place for everything. So that in finding it, our time should not be wasted. And we should be able to work with maximum efficiency in minimum time. Then Espirit de Corps. Espirit de Corps means Team Spirit. It is written below. I will show you now. Espirit de Corps means Team Spirit. An organization should replace I with We. I am doing, I am doing, I am doing. There is nothing like that. We are doing together. Like I am saying I taught you this and that. I am nothing. I am nothing. Whatever I am, I am with you. Whatever you are, you are with me. We do things together. So there should be a complete team spirit. In such an organization, there is such a place. My own existence is nothing. Your own existence is nothing. We are a lot together. Right? So there should be a complete team spirit. This is called Espirit de Corps. Then we have Principle of Scalar Chain. It was said in Scalar Chain that the authority, the authority should also be followed in a chain in an organization. And the communication should also be in a chain. If it will be in a chain, then it will be easy to locate the source. Rumors will not spread and everything will be with a proper discipline. Sir, can we break this chain? Is there a chain in such a Scalar Chain? Can this person talk to this person? He can. Only in case of emergency, this is called Gang Plank. What is the matter, sir? After that, Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest. This means the benefit of the organization will always be kept ahead. Personal benefit will always be kept later. I never keep my benefit ahead by harming the organization. The interest of the organization should always be ahead of the personal interest. Then we have Initiative. Initiative means that every particular individual should be given a chance to speak. Suggestions should be Appreciation should be done for good suggestions. This is initiative. Then we have Principle of Equity. What does the principle of equity say? We should not have any discrimination at all. There should be no discrimination on the basis of color, caste, creed, gender. Everyone has to treat one thing, respect everyone. Equity doesn't mean equal salaries. Salary will be given according to the capability. But when you are behaving with someone, then there should be no discrimination in that. After this, Centralization and Decentralization. Centralization and Decentralization What does it mean? Centralization means that all decisions should be from the top level. Decentralization means distributing powers to the whole organization. Fayol said both are completely wrong. Complete centralization is also wrong. Complete decentralization is also wrong. Both should be balanced. The important decisions should be centralized. The unimportant ones should be decentralized. Then we have S which we call Stability of Personnel. Stability of Personnel means that in an organization give some time to the team to become stable. Not that a person came and he did not do well and you removed him. No. If an employee has come then give him time. You have done training, you have spent time, you have spent money. Don't do transfer or termination too soon. There should be time for stability. Then Remuneration. What does remuneration mean? In remuneration, how will you get money? So what will we say in remuneration? In remuneration, we will say that any employee's salary will be fixed by looking No.1 What are his skills? No.2 What is my paying capacity? No.3 What is the standard wage rate So according to these three proper remuneration should be decided. Unity of Command Order should come from one boss. There should be only one boss. There should not be multiple bosses in any organization. So always orders come from only one boss. If there will be multiple bosses then everyone will get confused who should be obeyed and who should not be obeyed. And Unity of Direction One unit should have only one plan. We will not make many plans. If we make many plans then there will be a problem in that scenario. We will not know what to follow and what not to follow. So there should be one plan for one unit. Is it fine kids? These are all principles that Pepsi pieces rule. They are like this. See, Stability of Personnel, Initiative, Aspiridikops all these principles have been done. After this, we come to Scientific Principles. Who has given scientific principles? Taylor has given. According to Taylor, everything should be scientific. It should be from science. So what was the first principle he gave? Science and not rule of thumb. What does it mean kids? It means that there is one best method and how can you get From scientific approach. Now what does scientific approach say? rule of thumb. Not that I will follow what is already going on for me. No. What am I going to do? I will see. I will observe. I will learn things. And slowly I will find a best method. That is science. So Taylor said you should follow science and not rule of thumb. Second kids are Harmony and not discord. Harmony means that there are two people in one organization. one workers and one management. These two have to have a positive mindset towards each other. Have a positive attitude. Don't keep negativity for each other. This is called harmony. Discord means negativity. So for this, Taylor has also told a technique which we call mental revolution. So to follow harmony not discord mental revolution has to be brought. Mental revolution means both have to shift their mindset. Have to keep positivity have to remove negativity. This has an extension children. Cooperation not individualism. Cooperation not individualism is its practical shape. That is, it will not happen just by thinking. Both have kept positivity for each other. It's time to work. They are not cooperating with each other. So Taylor said cooperation is also very important in both. Work together. Workers should cooperate with management. Management should cooperate with workers. Give them a good salary. Give timely promotions. Workers should help in achieving targets. So there should be cooperation and not individualism. Lastly, children, there should be development of every person. All the persons in an organization should have their best capacity. Sir, how will that happen? There should be time to time training. They should think about their development. They should get promotions. Do the best you can for them. If you do like this then there should be development of each and every worker to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity. Then we have techniques. Children, Taylor has given some techniques in which first of all is functional formanship. In functional formanship, Taylor said there should be 8 bosses. Sir, how 8 bosses? Yes, son. He said divide the factory into 2 parts. Planning people should always be different. Production people should always be different. So who will do planning? 4 people. D.I.R.T. Disciplinarian who will make rules. Instruction card clerk who will give all necessary instructions to everyone. Route clerk who will tell the exact way. Will tell the way that how to do what and where. Time and cost clerk who will tell how much time work should be done and how much work should be done So there are 4 people in planning. Disciplinarian, instruction card clerk, route clerk, time and cost clerk. They will only do planning. There will be 4 people in production also. Sir, S means speed boss who will make work with full speed. I means inspector who will inspect every quality that the quality should be good. Repair boss will repair any machine and give this. Gang boss will take care of all the resources of the whole organization that everyone has everything or not. Is there anything missing? This is the work of gang boss. So this way this technique will work. What do we call this technique? Functional Formanship. What is Standardization and Simplification? Simplification means unnecessary variety. Remove it. If there is something unnecessary then remove it. We say that there is something your NCRT. Don't read all that. What are we doing? We are doing Simplification. We are making work easy for you. In the same way many unnecessary products are being made in an organization. The dealer said remove them. Simplification. Standardization means you set a standard. For what? What color will we make? What size will we choose? What shape? So size, shape, color, dimension fix everything from the beginning. Set a standard. For example, Maggi will be yellow like this. It has been running This is standardization. You see charger C type is used in everything. This is standardization. All out refill, interchangeability is used in any machine. This is standardization. This is standardization. After this, the dealer said if you want to work well then study 4 things. No. 1 Method study. Like I have studied I know to teach what technique do children need? How will the children understand? So what I have done is method study. The dealer said there is a best method which will be known scientifically only. So do the method and observe here. Same thing apply science. Don't apply rule of thumb. What is the second children? Motion study. In this, we observe and see in the factory whether the workers are not doing unnecessary movement unnecessarily because everyone has energy. It will be wasted. If energy is wasted then productivity will be reduced. So observe the workers. See how much they move where they move why they move. If there is unnecessary movement remove it. Eliminate it. This is called motion study. Time study. Like CBSE has done to give 3 hours in the paper. I did time study that GNG will be in 21 days. This one will be in 10-15 minutes videos. I did time study. So what is time study? When we find the best time to do something then children fatigue study. In this, we have to study 3 things that a person is tired. If he will work then he will get tired. How much rest he should do that is 10-15 minutes. After how long should he do it? After 3-4 hours when should he do it? And how many times should he do it in a day? So children, 3 things. How much rest, for how long, for how long, after how long. These children come in fatigue study. Then we have differential peace wage system. What did Taylor say in this? In this, Taylor said that you all all workers don't have to give the same money. You set a standard target that at least 10 units have to be made. If you make it above 10 then you will get more money. If you make it below 10 then you will get less money. With this, both will be motivated. Those who make less will be motivated And those who make more will be happy that next time we have to make this much. This is called differential peace wage system. Don't keep everyone on the same salary. Give money on the basis of work. This is called differential peace wage system. Mental revolution, I have told you that you have to bring a change in the mindset. This is, children, we have the whole principles of management. Take a screenshot of this too quickly. I will meet you after a while with chapter no. 3. Thank you for