I don't know how much I love you But I can't live without you I love you my dear Guddu Gudiya today We are going to start class The first chapter of 10th Bio is Life Process and Because you are my dear little brother and sister So it is my responsibility that this year You did well in your science board exams. You get full marks and after that I will be your master. I have brought gun shot lecture, not one shot Gun shot lecture life process may be You studied in school, tuition teacher You may have read it, you may have seen some videos, but All you've done so far has been a one-shot. Master's gun shot has come, meaning of gun shot 100% NCERT will be covered in it as many Have these questions also come in the question board or It is possible that everything will be done here in 2025. What came in 2024, what came in a lot I will conduct PYQ and whatever questions come I will also tell you what is going to happen. And the third thing is It is important that your beloved brother and sister Spoons like pudding in each topic I will take it and put it in your mouth. You will enjoy it. Everything will be understood. So 100% of the paper will come from here. don't worry Take. I am going to start this chapter. Am. But we have a tradition that lectures Confidence before starting It should be and for that we will comment in the comments. What do you write? I say this I could be in your life at this time Someone is ahead of you. But in the end, we ourselves Will win. That means no matter who is ahead now What to write in the comment? In the end, I am the one Will win. At last I will win. These There should be confidence. Get started. Comment Did it. In the end I will win. At Last I will win. So brother, in this chapter we What do you want to read? First you have to understand life What are the processes? Then four lives There are processes which we have to read in detail. Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation and excretion. I am also over 30 I will get you previous year questions solved. Complete The paper will be cleared from here. Come on brother let start. life first thing What are the processes? Son, that process Essential for living life Yes, which maintains our life, Those which sustain our life We call this process life process. They Basic and essential functions to perform It is necessary. Like sitting with a friend To hold a panchayat or the girl in the front seat She is sitting, it is not necessary to talk about her. Yes son. This is fun. which is basic and There should be an essential function which is necessary for life To sustain life For those processes are called life Process. The Basic and Essential Function Process Performed by Living organisms to maintain and sustain their Life. what is necessary to live life There is a process which is a basic process. Four Life We will discuss the process in detail in this chapter. Have to study. Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation and Excretion. one by one Will read in detail. But once you understand a little Let's see what this is? first thing first Nutrition. Nutrition came to mind Eat That's it son. Nutrition means that How does an organism obtain its food? Is? Obtains means like we are people. How do we obtain food? Mummy Make paratha. This is a simple method. Lion How does one obtain their food? hunting tax Takes. How Plants Obtain Their Food We do? Standing like this with open arms In the sun. I will enjoy the sunshine. Carbon dioxide, water and We will cook food through photosynthesis. i.e Different organisms eat their food in different ways. Obtain from. This is what we You have to read in nutrition how different Organisms obtain their food and Then we absorb it. Next is Respiration. Respiration means eating food. Took. What do we need from food? Energy Needed So there are small pieces to eat. Breaking it into pieces and making energy from it This is called respiration. Respiration Many people feel the need to inhale and exhale. Ko respiration. No son, no. What is respiration? to eat breaking it into small parts and Creating energy. This is respiration. Essentials Yes brother. Making energy from food. Basic There is a process. Life process. The third thing is Transportation. What now? our body A complete transport system runs inside Used to be. The truck is going from here to there. What Are you taking it? Are you carrying any goods? Look, brother, you breathed. Who needs breath? Your lungs need it. No, bro. Your whole body needs breath. My The brain needs oxygen. of my brain Every cell needs oxygen. So this is what I took oxygen, it will be transported. From where to where? From our lungs to our brain I am going. Going into our feet. It is coming in each of our fingers. each of our Going into the hair. each part of the body We need oxygen. Now for the body Different parts are creating garbage. Joe Sales Yes, it is creating waste inside the body. Now every cell created waste. Now this waste It has to be picked up and thrown out also. So brother, this The garbage truck will come. The driver came home Take out the garbage. You also tell your friend Throw away what is like garbage. in the same car Tell me the name of the one who looks like garbage. So what brother It happens? Is. Sales keep their garbage And taking blood from him, taking blood from his body Throws it out. This is how we eat The glucose that we eat also goes to each and every cell. Needed The entire cell needs food. Every cell She is hungry. So the food also reaches each cell. Is. So many different substances Transportation is going on inside the body. We have to read that. Next is in last Excretion. Excretion means potting. No, that is ization, that is different. Excretion I have to study. off course vest Removing material from the body. us at Here we will talk mostly about nitrogenous Of waste, urea, uric acid. So We have to study these four processes in detail. Let's start with nutrition brother. Come on brother Are you enjoying it? Yes. Now look at nutrition Meaning, how does an organism make its food? Will you obtain it? We divided this thing Within two classes. First we said Autotrophic nutrition. Now the meaning of auto What is? Auto means something that is on its own Go. So autotrophic nutrition means that Organism that can make its own food. Like green plants. what do plants do Are you brother? Took sunlight, took carbon dioxide. Took water from here. Presence of chlorophyll In photosynthesis it made its own food. So organisms which can obtain which can Make their own food. which can make their own Food are called autotrophic. So its Remember the example. green plants and a and autotrophic bacteria. one such Bacteria that make their own food. It is written in the name. Ok? Next is Our heterotrophic. Now what does hetero mean? What happened? Which produces different types of food Do it. Heterotrophic means producing food yourself. We will not make it from this. ASI Somos. Sir, we People also go to the kitchen and cook food. Make. Oh no, brother, like plants. Some inorganic things were taken from outside and Cooking with it. What do we do? either Some bring plants, vegetables etc. come or go and kill animals and We obtain our food from it. That means we depend on another organism For your food. So heterotrophic means Organisms that do not make their own food Found. Can't make their own food. Example What happened? Human Beings. Animals. We They also come under animals. So this is it Gone heterotrophic. Now listen. Heterotrophic understood as one which feeds on its own food. Don't make it yourself. This man has become It became a cat, it became a dog. all these Cheese heterotrophic. Correct? now heterotrophic We will divide it into three more categories. Don't worry. Heterotrophic means its own I don't cook my own food. Three categories were formed. one holozoic, one saprophytic, one Parasitic. All three are easily understood. First Holozoic. Holozoic means son that Organism that eats organic food from outside. Organic means trees, leaves, animals, Organism. Holozoic. someone from outside Eat organic food and digest it internally. Digest in. Many times the organism He won't even have a stomach. No problem. Digest it internally inside your body Do it. Holozoic. Like we are humans. We too It is holozoic. What do we do brother? Outside Went and ate vegetables. Digested inside the stomach Hui. So obtaining food is organic food. Taken from outside. Organic food sourced from outside And digested it internally. human being, Dog, cat, everything is done. But its The example that the board asks is Amoeba and Paramecium. Ok? Holozoic Organisms Consume and Internally Digest Organic Food Substance. Amoeba and Paramecium. Both of these are single cells It is an organism. Unicellular organisms. But it asks in the board that their mode is off What is nutrition? So remember holozoic Is. He will ask, it comes to the board a lot. Next is saprophytic. Saprophytic means some organisms Those who die and rot, Obtain food that has rotted Let us take food from him. House for example Suppose there is a packet of bread kept there. Very It has been lying there since day. One day your mind Did you eat bread and butter? took out the bread and What is this? The bread got moldy. These What was it? The bread got rotten. So after decay Who got on top of this? What to put on the bread Are you gone son? I got a fungus. Bread Mold Lug Went. So there are some fungi that do Are? Saprophytic Nutrition. Name Which ones do you want to remember? of bread molds Remember. Remember yeast and remember mushrooms Keep. What do they feed on? dead end [ __ ] matter pay. On dead and rotten things. yuck Phew. The third is parasitic nutrition. These He is a big brain. This is what we call our We will neither bring food from anywhere nor cook it. You cook our food. It catches a Host. Let's catch a host. They say We either cling to your body or Will they go or enter your body? Will go. either sticking to the host's body You will go externally or you will enter inside. internally and your food from your food Will take. For example, the hair that It falls. Girls would know What's the matter with your long hair, son? Life What is it son? This is a parasite. This is your stuck to the top of your head above your hair and She is getting her food from you. it They also harm the host. harm then Son, they are drinking your blood. As You must have seen that leeches come during the rainy season. It stuck to the skin. This is from leech skin. Came and stuck. Sucking your blood. These They say parasites. and it is called Parasitic Nutrition. Remember the example Keep. Leeches, lice and a big important An example is that of a plant. Cascata Plant. Now look, this is very important, Cascata. Plant. Cascata now plants so its food Make it yourself. But this is a special plan. This plant is Cascata which makes its own food. It does not create anything that is a parasite. Why? Because it does not have chlorophyll. And To cook your own food having chlorophyll to perform photosynthesis Needed So Cascata has no chlorophyll. Would. So what becomes of it? parasite So I understood that you are a parasitic A friend will be the best parasite He himself brings nothing of his own Brother, you must have come to school. I have a pen, please give me the pen. Give me a copy brother, give me a copy brother I have an extra t-shirt, I want to go for a walk, girl Brother, give me the T-shirt along with it, I will get it for ₹10. I will return it, I never return the money. Commenting the name of such a friend is like begging for it. I will never get my money back, friend. I don't return it, maybe I am the one doing it myself Oh my God, what am I saying? Okay, I understand, come on, have a good laugh. When you look at the questions, look at this on the board. The question has come in 2021, 2020, 2017 or so Same question or similar question which of the following organism exhibits Saprotrophic nutrition? So Remember the meaning of saprotrophic? dead end This will not be a [ __ ] matter. Amoeba So is the holozoic. Mushroom Raha Dead End [ __ ]. What even is a paramecium? Holozoic. Which of the following organisms show Parasitic mode of nutrition? parasitic Brother. What is this? It is holozoic. not this Is. Not there. This Cascata plant. Cascata What was the plant? Parasitic chlorophyll Was not there. Now we will study autotrophic Nutrition. Cooking your own food. Its The biggest example is photosynthesis. Photosynthesis in the next two pages which I I will teach you from here for your board exams. Questions are bound to come. Write it down and take it. Last I came even when the time was told. It is guaranteed. Now See What is Photosynthesis? He The process by which green plants get their food Make it yourself. Now eat your own food Four things to make a green plant I would have needed it and asked it at the board. Is. Conditions necessary for photosynthesis. One So sunlight is needed. The second would be a pigment It is chlorophyll that the plant has. Carbon dioxide will be taken from the surroundings and You need water from your roots. So four Things that are necessary for photosynthesis Sunlight, a pigment, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water. Here is the reaction of photosynthesis. You must remember this, son. I want it and remember it with balancing it. It will be easy to do. Now see what the reaction is? The carbon dioxide plant removed carbon dioxide from the surrounding area. Absorb key. Came from the water route. Now these Both will react in the presence of Sunlight. And definitely write chlorophyll after the arrow. Above. Now the food has to be cooked. Food has to be cooked. Eat What happens? Glucose. C6H12O6 So glucose was formed. There are 12 water tanks here. It is a molecule. six water molecules here Pay it out. 6 CO2 is visible here Is. Pick up 6O2 from here and take it out. These The reaction happened. Remember the reaction brother. Now many times in the exam it is asked that three Tell me the steps of photosynthesis. So three What is a step? I understand. First step, Absorbing sunlight. Who absorbs Does it? That pigment chlorophyll. So Absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll. These Step number one is done. Second step. Here We have to make a chemical reaction happen. We have What is? Light energy. So this light energy will convert it into chemical energy. And With that chemical energy, the water molecules Will split it. What is water made of? Hydrogen and oxygen. So split it In which will you do it? hydrogen and oxygen In. Split it. Correct? that'll be Step number two. conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water Molecule into hydrogen and oxygen. Third step. This oxygen as it is comes out Gone brother. This hydrogen carbon dioxide will reduce the . What is reduction? Addition of hydrogen. So here the hydrogen Went and got added to it. carbon, hydrogen, What will oxygen become? carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen glucose. C6H12O6 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbohydrates. So step three, reduction. of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates That means glucose. So step three is the first Absorption of sunlight. Who will do it? Chlorophyll. Second, this light energy Change it into chemical energy. from that energy Break the water. splitting hydrogen and Oxygen. Take out the oxygen. third Step 1: This hydrogen will reduce carbon. Carbohydrates to dioxide. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, carbohydrates, Glucose. So brother, remember these three steps. Now listen, many times in the exam it is asked that Where does photosynthesis take place? So you say Doge sir is in the leaf. on the inside of the leaf Where does it occur inside the cell? So remember Site of photosynthesis chloroplast. What is chloroplast? is a cell organelle. Like our organs. near the cell There are organelles. As you may have seen Mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, all of these There used to be, there is a similar cell organelle Chloroplast. Now the pigment we studied is chlorophyll. It happens inside this chloroplast. So Chlorophyll is present in the green colour organelle called chloroplast inside the Plant cell. Well, this is the chloroplast. Due to which the color of the leaves is green. The leaves are green because they contain Chloroplast. asked in the exam In which organelle is photosynthesis taking place? So the organelle is named chloroplast if I asked in which organ does photosynthesis take place? Used to be? organ, which organ of the plant Is? Leaf. Photosynthesis taking place in the leaf. And What is present in the cells of the leaf? Chloroplast. So if the organelle asks If you ask about chloroplast organ, which organ Photosynthesis taking place inside the leaves. Correct? Next came carbon dioxide. How will you absorb carbon dioxide? So the leaf of the plant, the leaf which There are small holes in the leaf. Are. There are small pores. Those pores They open like this and when they open absorbs carbon dioxide Are. It's simple. So these little pores These are called stomata. What? Stomata. Stomata. Tiny Pores Present On the surface of the leaf. Look at this here This is visible. This pore that is visible to They are called stomata. Tiny pores on the Surface of the leaf. Now how do these stomata Will it open? How will it be closed? Keep this in mind. So one is guard cells. Guard Sales What happens? Who is standing like a guard. What do the guards do? move away from such a door Are. The door opens Then they come like this Door closed. So what is the function of the guard cell? Controls the opening and closing of stomata to do. He asks in the exam. opening end Closing of stomata regulated by guard Cell. So the guard cells are the ones that are at the opening end Let's look at closing of stomata. Now How do guard cells do this? just Listen carefully. small pores on the leaf What did you say on the surface? Stomata. Good These guard cells are visible side by side. kidney beans As it looks like. Isn't it? like kidneys, Like a bean. Yes. Like in Rajaraja. So this is it Our guard cells are gone. Now what happens is that The plant absorbs moisture from the surroundings Did. Absorbed water. Now that the plant What will happen if it absorbs moisture? Flower Will go. So the guard cells absorbed water Did. Absorbs H2O and what happened? Flower Went. When it swelled, the guard cell opened. If it opened Carbon dioxide entered inside it. So now Carbon dioxide will go inside it. Now brother, there is a lot of carbon dioxide. Now It has to be closed too. So what about closing it? These are the guard cells, these are the guard cells. Guard cells next to the stomata remove water. Will loose it. If you loosen it, it will get crushed. If you shrink and shrink, Stomata closed. H2O Lost Shrink End Closed. Will there be a shrink? Guard cells. So remember opening and closing off Stomata is controlled by guard cells. Absorbs water swells open. loose water Shrink and close. So this is what happened, my brother. Carbon dioxide. The next thing is water. Where will the water come from? Water comes from the soil. It is taken from the soil through the root. water on Along with this, many minerals also come Are. Nitrogen, phosphorus, all these also come up goes. Minerals are also needed brother plant To. We need it and so does the plant. So What all comes up? Phosphorus arrived, Magnesium is here, nitrogen is here, iron is here I have arrived. All these minerals also come away. One Remember one thing, nitrogen only and only Comes in the form of nitrates and nitrites Is. Nitrogen is taken in the form of Nitrates and Nitrites Only. only this Nitrogen of the form is obtained. Carbon dioxide was found, water was also found on its own To. Now understand one thing. The food that the plant Made, made what? What did you make? glucose Made. This glucose that was made, now the plant It stores it. Brother, something was used For energy, it stores some. So Plants store it in the Forms of starch. these plants Food i.e. glucose is stored in the form of Starch. Remember. which was made of glucose How did you store it? Like starch. We People son, we also need to store the food we eat. Have to do it. It has to be saved. We How to store it? Like glycogen. How? Glycogen. These animals, we are also animals Are. it is stard in the form of Glycogen. How do we store? Like glycogen. How to store plants Are? Like starch. Ok? One more thing See. Let's talk about desert plants. Now Desert plant opens its stomata in daylight Does not open. Why don't you open it? Brother water So it is not there. Isn't it? Na in the Desert Plant There is sand below, so water can be obtained from the soil. No more. We opened it like this and the sun was shining above. The water that Leaf had was also gone. So Desert Plant says we will open during the day. Not only stomata. We will open at night. So Desert plants only perform their functions at night. The stomata open. carbon dioxide Take it inside you and close it. And in the morning from this carbon dioxide Photosynthesis begins when sunlight It is available. So this is what is written. photosynthesis In Desert Plants Daytime Stomata Remains Closed to Conserve Water. Daytime Stomata are kept closed. Night Time Stomata Opens Absorbs CO2 at Night carbon dioxide of the shell. During the day it The stomata will not open otherwise water will come out. Will go. Water comes out from that hole Went. CO2 taken at night used to prepare Glucose in day time. which took CO2 at night When it gets sunlight during the day, photosynthesis takes place It's done and the food is ready. So this is at night Stomata open. Do not open during the day. Correct? Well look at the question. CBSE 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 either this or this Similar question. What is photosynthesis? Identify the organelle and where the organ is located It Akers? Explain the process using the Balanced Equations and State the Source of Oxygen released during the process. First of all what is photosynthesis? So tell me Gave a process by which green plants eat In the presence of sunlight, carbon is formed dioxide, water and chlorophyll. then from us Where does it happen in which organelle? Chloroplast. In which organ does it occur? Leaf. That's what Identify the Organelle and Organs were it akers. So it became organic Chloroplast. Organ became Leaf. Reaction said, I picked it up and wrote the reaction. Write 6O2 all here. Balance is achieved. After this the source of oxygen is asked How did he find the source of oxygen? Remember Thi Oxygen? This is how the water broke In hydrogen and in oxygen. So the source of oxygen release is the splitting of water Molecule in hydrogen and oxygen. How? which converts light energy into chemical energy I had changed it from that. Come on brother. Next There are two activities. Ask questions from this too Let's take it. One is the variegated leaf Experiment. What is this? Suppose we have a Took a C leaf. You must have seen a leaf that It is green in some places. yellow somewhere It turns white. See a leaf like this It does not remain lying around or even get stuck in the plant. it occurs. Does such a leaf exist or not? The tree has leaves that It is green in some places. There is no green anywhere. Now listen, wherever there is green, there There is chlorophyll. Wherever there is chlorophyll Food will be cooked there. Food everywhere It will be stored in the form of starch. will be. So what will you do in this experiment? We? Dip this leaf in iodine solution. Will give. What did we drown it in? Iodine Solution. Iodine has the property that it Blue black by reacting with starch Gives color. Blue Black Color with Starch On Green Sides. What does iodine do? As soon as it reacts with starch, it turns blue Will give black color. Now tell me this leaf If I dip it in iodine, where will it be? Will it be blue black color? Where starch will be. Where will the starch be? just green In the part. Because the green parts The food will be cooked in it and the place where the food will be cooked Plants store food in these The form of starch will be stored there. So When we soak this leaf in iodine If we drown, we will see only green green What happened in the part itself? Blue Black Color Happened. Blue black color was not used anywhere else. So what does this experiment prove? This proves that Green. Green means Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is essential for Photosynthesis. If there is no green here If it were, there would be no chlorophyll. chlorophyll If it doesn't happen then the food won't get cooked. no food If it were made, starch would not be formed. Correct? So what Proofreading? Starch is present at Green Sides Only. Proving Chlorophyll Is Essential for Photosynthesis. elsewhere Starch test is also not positive. every Place starch test negative. only these Blue black color appeared in place. Meaning here There is starch. Meaning food is cooked here. Meaning there is chlorophyll here. to only green Parts contain chlorophyll. and where Food is cooked where there is chlorophyll. So Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis. One more thing we do in this is that we water it. I wash it in boiling water. One more thing Let's do the boiling. It is also found in alcohol Wash it several times so that if the color fades a little Lighten it up to make it a blue-black color. It can be seen easily. It should not be so that no one Be dark in colour. So wash it in alcohol etc. Let the color fade and become clear Blue black color was visible. Second experiment Is this your bell jar or glass jar? Experiment. What did you do in this? We have a Took a glass jar. Placed a plant inside it. There is a nice plant inside the pot. water in the pot Also put it in and kept the plant inside. Now Closed the glass jar tightly. I applied Vaseline underneath it. and apply Vaseline I closed it so that no one from outside could Air should not enter. What are we cutting? Cutting down carbon dioxide. Now I picked it up and placed it in the sun. Sunlight I kept it in. After some time I Took a leaf and coated it with iodine. Poured into the solution. Now tell me what is blue? Will it be black in colour? Tell me by commenting. Comment Do it and tell me. Will blue be black color? Will not done. Why? Because carbon dioxide was not detected. carbon dioxide If it is not found then photosynthesis does not occur. And If photosynthesis does not occur then food is not cooked. If the food is not cooked then in the form of starch Not stored. If starch is not formed Did not give blue black colour with iodine. So this experiment is showing that carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis For. This shows chlorophyll. This shows is carbon dioxide. Let's do one more thing We are in this. Place a plate here Put it in a pan and add potassium hydroxide. We give. KOH what this does is that if the jar already has some carbon inside If there is dioxide, absorb it also. Takes. So KOH in jar to absorb any Carbon dioxide present. potassium hydroxide so that if any If it is carbon dioxide, we absorb it. Do it. We have to check without carbon Will starch be formed in it due to dioxide? So we saw that it will not be made. Ok? Conclusion Carbon Dioxide Essential For Photosynthesis. No Blue Black Color Seam. Correct Is? Look at the question 2024, 2023, 2022, 2020 or So this or a similar question has come. What's in it? A child did this Experiment setup with bell jar Potassium hydroxide etc. was kept. What Are you asking? What is the role of KOH in this? Experiment? What is? carbon dioxide To absorb. Absorbs any carbon dioxide present in jar. Why is the Plant Kept in Sunlight After Setting Up the Apartments? Why was it kept in sunlight? Brother We have to prove that carbon dioxide Without it, photosynthesis does not occur. So we All other conditions will have to be met. Sunlight You will have to give it, you will have to give it water, chlorophyll Will have to give. to provide sunlight so as To Make Sure That All Other Conditions For Photosynthesis is satisfied. what result will confirm that CO2 is necessary for Photosynthesis. Did you see that? Which one The result was such that you confirmed that CO2 Was it necessary? What did you do? keep in the sun Gave. Got some sunshine. Water it from the pot too Found it. There was chlorophyll. Then you had a little After some time, break its leaf and apply iodine Put it in the solution and observed blue black color No. After Few Hours If We Test Leave With iodine solution they don't turn blue Black. Proving No Starch Is Formed And there is no photosynthesis according to. clear? Let us go. Next son we are going to study Heterotrophic nutrition. Autotraffic now Read. Plants are teaching themselves how to feed themselves Were. Isn't it? Autotrophic photosynthesis itself From. Now let's move on to heterotrophic and Will read Holozoic. Inside the holozoic I I told you to remember two examples. in the exam Questions come. Amoeba and Paramecium. And I understand that it is very simple. Amoeba is a Is a unicellular organism. of a single cell It is an organism. It can be of any shape Is. Make any shape like this, like this, like this. Meaning, understand the shape of amoeba. like God Made your friend's face. without thinking Toddy crooked shape, whatever it looks like You must have made such a friend that God took it, it became a brother, go quickly Go brother, after that your crush's face will be like God. Made it comfortably, we are an amoeba son Unicellular organisms that can take any shape Amoeba is a single cell organism What does the food around look like? There are two finger like things inside it. Extensions come out like fingers Extension is called pseudopodia. It is said that amoeba takes in food using Temporary finger-like projection of the cell surface pseudopodia Remember what this pseudopedia is, it's temporary. Finger-like extensions came out of it like this Look at this, such pseudopodia, this is food. particle show it what of such amoeba pseudopodia emerge to capture food and Takes in a food vacuole and forms a space takes the food vacuole and brings food into it It stores it inside that food vacuole releases enzymes what enzymes do I want to eat it, break it, break it They collect it in small pieces. Cut it into very small pieces so that the food Can be absorbed. Then its entire Cytoplasm Cytoplasm means this The entire area of the cell is filled with fluid. In this the food gets absorbed slowly. Is. And the food it doesn't need It converts it into waste and throws it out of its cell surface. He takes it out. So see what happened? Food The particle came. It used its tentative finger Removed like projection pseudopodia. This caught. Look inside, what did you make? Such a food Vacuole formed. Enzyme release here Did. Break the food into small parts. It was a complex substance. something from outside He had eaten food particles, some living Anything the organism eats It was complex. Break it down and make it simpler Created substance. Then it goes into the cytoplasm Absorbed. Then whatever dirt was left was sold. thrown out of the surface. coming to the exam Please tell me the complete nutrition of amoeba. Who What is the nutrition? Remember. Holozoic Nutrition. Holozoic means eating from outside Take internally To digest. Taking food from outside and eating it internally To digest. Ok? So food vacuoles R Form. Enzymes are secreted which Breaks Down Complex Substances to Simpler Substance. absorption of Digested food in the cytoplasm by Diffuse. What happened throughout the cytoplasm? The food got diffused. Undigested food Moves to cell surface and thrown out. one thing And remember. These are the pseudopodia It also helps the amoeba to move. It also helps with movement. also Helps in movement of organisms. Second A unicellular organism is one that is Paramecium. This is also of single cell. This How did God create it? Shaped like a slipper. Its shape is fixed. Its shape is fixed Is. Like this in the shape of a slipper. Don't say this now The face of one of my friends is like the shape of a slipper. Don't say this, friend, a friend's slipper is Someone looks like a flat slipper. please friend Do you have a friend like that? Please Friend please. Hey friend, what are you saying? yes? Don't make me do all this. my own appearance It is so bad. Yes. Now Nutrition In Paramecium. What is Paramecium? This is also a It is a single cell organism. But its shape It is fixed. What shape is it? It's like a sleeper. Look, its shape is like a slipper. How Will you remember? Para feet. Para foot to foot Slipper. Good. So the difference between amoeba and this What is? That its shape can be anything. Its shape is fixed. second one like here You get a tentative finger like projection Pseudopodia had emerged. here near it There are some hairs. Look, you can see the hair on the sides It has been like this. Hair-like structure. This Says Celia. Celia sir very beautiful Done. Hey, it's hair. flows anywhere You friend. How single you have become. Celia. The The cell has a definite shape like a sleeper. Food is moved to a specific spot vacuoles By the Movement of Celia. Hair Like Structure. what is this hair like structure We do? grabbing the food and putting it into a bowl Specific spot here What is this? Food Vacuole is their food vacuole. here They are taken to a specific place. In amoeba absorbed and the same food vacuole is formed Took. Absorb in Amoeba seeing the difference I made what I did. Here a specific Food goes to the spot which is the food vacuole Is. Then enzymes are released in it. Then Food breaks. Then it is absorbed. Then West goes out. pay attention to what Cilia help them move. This is because of hair like extensions. Can walk. And this is my finger like The projections are able to move due to pseudopodia. Are. clear? This is your amoeba and Paramecium are both examples of what? Holozoic K. See what question has come up? CBSE 2023 Name the Type of Nutrition Exhibited by Amoeba. Which one? be holozoic Went. Now explain how food is taken in and Digested by the organism. So the whole Told the story that pseudopodia took food, Food vacuole, enzymes released, food Broken down, absorbed into the cytoplasm. Then West exited the surface. Differentiate Between Amoeba and Paramecium Based on Mod Of Nutrition and Locomotion. 204, 2022, 2020, 2019. Often this or similar The question has been asked. Difference. On whose basis? Mode of nutrition. And this mode is off Nutrition is same for both. It is holozoic. But what does the amoeba do? from pseudopodia. Brings food through finger-like projections Is. What does paramecium do? Hair Like Structure. He brings food from Celia. So holozoic takes in food using finger Like extension. Holozoic Food Is Moving To Specific Spot Using Hair Like Structure. Celia. Well, what was in it? It takes food and forms a food vacuole anywhere. What does it do in this? a food vacuole It is present. leads to a specific side Is. Locomotion How do movements occur? So These cilia with the help of amoeba pseudopodia With the help of. Come on brother, let's move ahead. Next came nutrition in humans. Beings. What is this even? Heterotrophic. This is also holozoic. If someone asks whether we What are the people, son? We are also holozoic Is. Now inside the human we actually find the whole The digestive system has to be understood. from this one page 110% question will come in the exam. 1120% exam I will get the question. I will write this one down and bring it From the page. Let's start this story. These The story is about eating food. digest it To do it and get into his blood. Start We do. Let us go. So we have done this for a human being Took the figure. What happened first? Eat We ate. Broke it with teeth. So the first of all The thing is teeth. Crushing Cuts Food in Small Pieces. What's the first thing? our teeth Are. What did you do? We crushed the food and Cut it into small pieces. Ok? Next What to do? First, our teeth Cut the food. Okay, now look at the teeth. After cutting, our tongue rule comes. What does the tongue do? Spit found inside the food Gives. Adds saliva. This saliva There is a lot of work. You feel it in your mouth The spit is dirty. Oh my son, this is very useful. This spit is yours. So use spit What is? It feels so dirty to say it. Yes. What is the use of saliva? So look We don't have glands here either. Are. Here it is called salivary Glands. What do you say? salivary Glands. Now what do the salivary glands do? Are? Secretes saliva. Secrets Saliva. Yes. Now saliva and saliva contains enzymes. Now this spit contains a special enzyme It happens. Salivary amylase. Yes, do I have to remember the name? salivary Amylase. Our saliva contains an enzyme In. salivary amylase We think food gets digested here. The food started getting digested from here. As soon as I found spit in the food, brother, Saliva found, enzyme extracted from saliva Salivary amylase. What does it do? Who Complex foods you ate that contained starch Did you eat brother, what do we eat? Trees & plants Eat. Generali Vegetable Fruit-Wood Trees & plants. So what will happen in this? of the plant Sturdy food. Plant Sturdy Food Starch. So the starch we eat There is a complex. what does he have saliva Does it? Break-Tad Ke Break-T Ke Simple Creates substance. Simple sugar made Gives. So saliva contains enzymes salivary miles which breaks down starch complex carbohydrates to Simple sugar. tongue mix food with saliva and Helps in solving. What is the function of the tongue? mixing with saliva and swallowing food To help. So here's our salivary gland. What comes out of it? Saliva. spit. spit There is a particular enzyme in saliva amylase whose function is complex Carbohydrates that are eaten with cabbage leaves In the vegetables and fruits you are eating, which is starch, a complex carbohydrate Break it down into simple substances Converting is good, so brother, this thing happened. Simple substances have now become food inside I went inside, the next thing that came came. What is your food pipe? Food pipe is this They say your esophagus is next. Oesophagus is spelled with an o, sometimes with an e. I write both of them are sophaghus. What is it Is this your thing? Food pipe. Now about the food pipe What is the work? See, this is the work of the food pipe Regulate the movement of food. Regulate the Movement of Food. Imagine you ate food. Value I ate anything I wanted. you a little bit Let's say I ate some potatoes. And Falling down after eating potatoes. what sound Does it come? No. If this pipe were straight So we eat like this with jute. No. What is it Does it? Regulates food intake To the movement. It does peristaltic Movement. You have to remember this word. Peristaltic movement. Peristaltic What is movement? It is a rhythmic movement. What is Yun Yun Yun? Expansion Contraction. Expansion contraction. By eating like this, slowly the stomach To deliver to It is not that you eat quickly The bottom shook. What does it do? Esophagus. Performs peristaltic movements. Which one Movement? Peristaltic movement. Contraction and expansion of Wall of Food Pipe. Pushes food into my stomach. regulate movement of Food to stomach. What does it do? Regulate Movement of food to stomach. Peristaltic Movement, Expansion, and Contraction of Food Pipe. So look, here is your esophagus. These going to the esophagus. This is your food pipe. Now The food came slowly, like this, like this Where? In the stomach. What is the stomach like? such a goal Let's make it a little. Your friend's round It will happen. Is it like this? So your stomach is so round You make it look like this. But the stomach is not like that. Son. This is the stomach. Hey Sir, how does this look? Is? A bit dirty. It is not dirty. It is like that. These Hey son, it's your stomach. This is the stomach. stomach Here it is. Now what is the function of the stomach? stomach Gastric juice is produced inside the stomach. So There is a gland inside the stomach Gastric gland. So this is your stomach. There is a gland inside the stomach. Which one? Gastric gland. in the gastric gland What comes out of this son? gastric juice It comes out. Gastric juice. Have heard Gastric juice sometimes gastric juice. Gastric juice contains three things. The most important thing you have to remember. Gastric juice contains acid. HCL Pet I have a lot of it son and HCL is very strong. It is acid. So the food went into your stomach the most What is inside the first stomach? gastric Gland. gastric juice and What's in it? HCL. What did HCL do? Created an acidic environment. an acidic Created the environment. For whom? No one right now It is going to come for him. There is a hero who The one who will digest the food will come, whose name is Pepsin. So it said welcome to pepsin I create an acidic environment. so one Created an acidic environment. second thing What else does HCL acid do, son? germs kills the . Kills bacteria and germs Does. So inside the stomach, gastric Gland from which gastric juice is secreted which contains is hydrochloric acid. Creates Acidic Medium for the enzyme pepsin. pepsin coming Going to do. Waiting for pepsin and An acidic medium has been created for that. Pepsin What has come out? Acidic medium. Now! Pepsin will come and kill bacteria and Germs. Okay, now about the one we were talking about. Who went? Pepsin. What is pepsin, son? An enzyme that digests proteins Is. Whatever went into your food It digests protein Pepsin. Good. The third thing that happens The first HCl inside the gastric juice which Created an acidic medium. Acidic medium is Is it made for? Who is it made for? Pepsin. Pepsin arrived. Pepsin said to be acidic It became a medium. Yes. Now I have protein I will digest it. He digested protein Did it. The third thing that happens here is Son, that is mucus. mucus from the nose It doesn't come out. Mucus. what is the function of mucus Is? Hey friend, acid has formed inside the stomach. Now The lining of your stomach can become inflamed. Are. May get spoiled. Isn't it? among them There may be sensation. Swelling may occur. It can burn with acid, right? So what is mucus? Does it? Protects the inner lining of the Stomach. So what is the function of mucus? Protects the inner lining of the stomach from Acid. Acid damages the inner lining of the stomach Would have saved. Correct? So food came into the stomach. acid It went out. Acidic medium was created. together What happened? Pepsin arrived. what did pepsin do Did? Protein Digest. You will have to remember. All these things have to be memorized one by one. I am going to explain but you have to learn. Will have to. So what did pepsin do? Protein Digested it. There is one more thing Mucus. What did he do? to the inner lining Protected it. Mucus not from the nose It would come out. Just like that, it was very slimy. So he What did the mucus do? Covered the whole thing. The inner lining is said not to be burnt by acid. Give. Good. Now the food is after your stomach It goes into the small intestine. Where? Small intestine. Small intestine. So the food went from here. In this. In which? This one that is visible in the middle Is. This is your small intestine. Now your Where did the food go? A in this thing. these these What is? You have a small intestine. These It is very long, son. small hai but hoti It is very long. 7-7 meters is very long This is the small intestine. Very Long Small Intestine. What is this? A long coiled There is a tube. What is? Long Coiled Coiled Longest part of alimentary canal. Now You will ask Sir, what is this alimentary canal? It happens? Let us understand this also. what is Alimentary canal? Son, this is You ate food, this is where the food comes from. It went from the pipe to the stomach and after the stomach It is going into the small intestine. after this goes into the large intestine and then It comes out of your anus through the pouch. Ok? This is the entire system, isn't it? The system is very tight. This entire arrangement There is a single tube. If I remove your If I straighten the digestive system like this I can see a single tube. this single We call this tube the alimentary canal. So the alimentary canal starts from your Mouth and ends at I can't show you yet I will give it to you, then you will laugh, make a meme, that's what it means The alimentary canal starts from your mouth and and at your mean with your mouth It starts and doesn't even speak in Hindi. Can it start at your mouth and end That's your anus yes okay a single tube This is the whole thing from the mouth to the esophagus and then after that Stomach then small intestine large The intestine and anus are the core of this entire system. The alimentary canal is the largest single tube The long part is small Intestine. Now what about the small intestine? Is there any work? Keep one thing in mind. Maximum Digestion and maximum absorption of food It happens in the small intestine. sometime exam If the question arises that digestion of food and In which organ does absorption take place? Right? Small intestine. Always be in the stomach too It is also present in the large intestine, The second function of the liver in the liver. Anyways Small Intestine. So what will you say? Site Off Complete digestion and absorption of food. Complete digestion and absorption which The site is the small intestine. ok now Small Intestine Na is the CEO of a company It means he is the owner. He kept two servants for himself. There are jobs to do. Your first servant is your liver The second servant is your pancreas. These are some of Nor does he take any juice. with the help of that juice Digests food. What is its function? Digestion of food by the small intestine. To all The main task is to digest food and To absorb. So he has two servants. Who? Liver and pancreas get this juice from them Takes. With their help we digest food. So now we have to talk about his two servants. Who will suffer? Of the liver and pancreas. So let's move towards the lever, son. Where is the lever It happens? Can you see this? A this is Son, your liver. Ok? This is your liver. Now a particular juice is secreted inside the liver There is what we call bile juice. They It gets stored in the gall bladder. In which? In the gall bladder. So what is the lever? Does it take out? Secrets bile juice which is Stuck in gall bladder. It would store in Is. Ok? Now what does this bile juice do? See what happened in the stomach? Acid in food I had found it. So brother, there is a lot of acidity in the stomach. It is happening. is jealous. lever from the same The son saves me. What does the liver do? Who Bile juice provides an alkaline medium It creates. Reduces acidity. So what's the first thing it does? Max Acidic Food coming from stomach alkaline. first of all What is this bile juice doing? Acidic Alkalizes food. A little bit basic Does. What does the other one do? These fats Breaking down large molecules Makes small molecules of. This is called emulsification of fat. Emulsification of Fat Breaks Down Fats into smaller globules. small Breaks into globules. So what will be? see if there are small globules You will get more surface area. So the enzyme Will be able to add more on this. Thinking I will give you such a big ball on this How many enzymes will be able to stick? so much and this much If I break it, break it, break it, It became small parts. So the inside The fat of this big ball also came out. Of. The inner part also came out. Now that Enzymes can also stick to it. So what would happen Is? Increases the surface area of the enzyme On fat to act. So emulsification of fats into smaller globules. And Second Makes the Acidic Food Coming from the Stomach alkaline. This liver produces its own juice, bile. It provides juice to the intestine. Take it brother I have to do it. And where is this bile juice stored? It happens? Where? In the gall bladder. to whom to give Gave? To the intestine. Not myself. here It is not happening. Nothing here. These Where will all the juice go? Intestine. It will be in the intestine. Who is the second servant? Pancreas. Where is the pancreas, sir? These remained. This will look like banana. here it is It is visible. Can you see me brother or not? Used to be? This is your pancreas. Yes. These One. This is the pancreas. Now for the pancreas He also has a juice which he gives to whom? Is? To the small intestine. near the pancreas The juice is called pancreatic juice. Juice. What do you say? Pancreatic juice. Pancreas is pancreatic juice. In this There are two things you have to remember. one of its Pancreatic juice contains pepsin and One is lipase. What thing? Pepsin and Lipase. Sorry trypsin and lipase. Pepsin was here. Trypsin and lipase. Yes. Now see why pepsin came out? I will tell you verbally. because both of The function is the same. The function of both is same. See what was in your stomach? gastric What came out in the gland? HCL, Pepsin and mucus. What was the job of pepsin? Digestion of proteins. same here pancreatic juice inside the pancreas Turns out, it contains trypsin. Trypsin like pepsin. Its work also Digestion of proteins. Pepsin, Trypsin They look alike. Digestion of proteins. What is the second thing that comes out? Lipase. These What do you do? The fat that breaks into small pieces It already happened, let's break it further. Breaking down of emulsified fat. Joe Fat It was broken by breaking it and making it smaller We give. So, brother, we understood that When food reaches our small intestine When it reaches the small intestine, it divides its two He takes two types of juice from the servants. from the liver What does it take? Bile juice. from the pancreas What does it take? Pancreatic juice. Bile What does the juice do? Makes food alkaline and breaks down fat. pancreatic What's in the juice? trypsin, which is a protein will digest and lipase which breaks down fat and Will break it into small pieces. now here Complete digestion of food has taken place. Now its Absorption has to happen. Brother, the food has been digested. The food has been digested. What will happen now? Now its Absorption. When food is digested, you have three Things to remember: Small intestine It will happen in. There are three things to remember. Eat What became of it after it was digested? Inside the food There are three things we need to grasp. Catching proteins Yes, we have to catch fat and carbohydrates. So How will you remember? I'm telling you simply Am. F Yes, I write here. What is FCP? wrote? What is FCP? Protein, Carbohydrates and fats. these three things You have to remember. FCCP protein, Carbohydrates and fats. Now listen to what will be? So the protein in the food It is converted into amino acids. which eat The carbohydrates inside convert It is present in glucose. and the food inside Fat is converted into fatty acids and In glycerol. What is FCP? Fat Kiss I converted? fatty acid glycerol FCP C carbohydrates convert into Happened? Glucose. P protein converts into Happened? Amino acids. Where is all this happening? Inside the intestine. So the intestine This is what the enzymes inside do, that is, proteins Digested. The pepsin that was here The trypsin that came into the stomach From our pancreatic juices. what do they do Are? Digested proteins. So What is produced by digesting protein? Amino acids. What about breaking down fat? Made? Fatty acids and glycerol. What happens when carbohydrates are digested Made? Glucose. So, you remember these three sons? Should be. Well, now that all this is Once it is formed, now it has to be absorbed. Brother. The food got digested. Now this It will have to be absorbed also. Where to absorb Have to do it? In the blood. It has to go in the blood Glucose. That's why all our organs, All cells will get food. Absorb near the small intestine to There is a system. The name of that system is Villain. What is the name? Villain. what is villi Son? Inner surface of small intestine There are such tubes on the inner surface. This is the tube. Such fingers on its inner surface Like projections are. What is? Finger Like projection. This is called solvent. Now see what happened with finger-like projection. That more food can be absorbed. Surface area increased. Look carefully. One Yes. Now see the surface area being absorbed This is it. If I made this Now it will be absorbed here also. It will happen here too. It will happen here too. It will happen here too. here too It will happen, it will happen here too, it will happen here too. Here Also, here too. So looking at the overall surface I Increased area absorption. First It would only happen on this line. now on this on this Pull it all the way. Down below that zoom zoom, zoom zoom Zoom made it pull it. So I haven't grown up. Now absorb here also, absorb here also. So Vilai What is? Has finger like projections. Where Pay? On the inside. Are on the internal walls. What else do you do? absorbing food Are. Surface area increased. What We do? Absorb digested food Did. Now the solution is connected to blood. From the vessel. thin thin thin thin thin thin blood vessels and what is this glucose Now this will be prepared from your intestine. Diffused from the villi of the blood vessels Diffusion started inside the blood. This food started going away and now the food is gone from here Lots of finger like in your body projection present on the inner lining of Small Intestine Lots of What is Finger Like projections are present on inner lining of the small intestine increases Surface area of absorption supplied with Blood Vessels Hen's Digested Food Is absorbed and taken to all the cells of the Body. Digested food. Now it has gone into the bloodstream and It went into the cells of the entire body. Good. now one Listen to the thing. The food is cooked, the food is digested Gone, gone. Now whatever waste is left. So now moves food through the small intestine In this, the bigger ones are in the large intestine. What is the function of the large intestine? one then One of its functions is to convert the waste generated into Throw it out. Second, read his work. Are. Unabsorbed Foods in Large Intestine. Absorbs more water from This material. Now what did he do, accept it. that you removed the waste small Intestine said we don't want it. Large The intestine said there is water inside it. Let's take it. It is the body's need. So what Does it? Absorbs more water than this Material. Rest of the material is removed Left anus. It said just as much water I had to absorb it, I did it. Now everything is anus Remove it from. Then where did the food go? Went into your anus. I went to your hole. Here Got out of. Just remember one thing that The opening of the anus controls Anal splinter. What Exit of West Material via anus is regulated by anus splinter. So son, what is an anus splinter? It is controlled by muscle cells. It did not happen Otherwise think. Standing and talking like this I am having sex with a friend. Yes brother, how are you? Did you go butt potty? No. So its Controls movement. Which thing? NSpinter. What does it do? Your hole There is control to open and close it Does. Otherwise, do it while standing. Sir many It happens once, sir. in school as a child Had a party. The Master has also Everyone has had a party in school during childhood. Brother. [ __ ], yes, it happens in school. Party. I receive a big salute. Well anyways The whole story became clear. So this is complete One question is bound to come from the story. This You must read it carefully once and remember it. Will also have to do it. Ok? Let's move on. Now see what questions have come? questions Let's see. So CBSE 204, 2022, 2020 Similar questions state the role of the following in human digestion System. Where is hydrochloric acid produced? Is? In the stomach. Where? gastric gland In. In gastric juice. what is its work Was? Preparation of acidic medium. For whom? For Hero Pepsin. other bacteria and Killing germs. So creates acidic medium For enzyme pepsin and kills bacteria and germ. What is the second one? Bile. Son, Bile Juice. What did it do? Alkaline Medium In. Where was bile juice found? In the liver. Where did it come from? Where is it from the liver? In the gastric gland. Isn't it? Good. Now What was the function of bile juice? Alkaline Medium Get it ready. Acidic food that has entered the stomach To alkalize it. What is the second job Was? Of bile juice? Emulsification of fat. breaking down fat into smaller pieces So that the surface area increases and the enzyme attacks Can do it. Bile Makes Acidic Food Coming from stomach alkaline and emulsification of Fats Break Down Fats Into Smaller Globules. Third, pepsin. Pepsin, What does trypsin do wherever it appears? Digestion of proteins. So where is the pepsin? Do you get it? Right here? gastric gland In. And where can you find trypsin? In pancreatic juice. Look at one more thing. What happens to herbivores? Small The intestine is very long. Carnivorous That it is not that long. The question comes Why Herbivores Have Been Smaller Intestine. Brother herbivore means tree leaf I have to eat. Starch is present in the tree leaves. Starch is a little tough to digest Because they are complex carbohydrates Is. So it takes more time to digest it It takes hard work and more time. so The small intestine of herbivores It is long. Larger small intestine for Digestion of cellulose. cellulose which is Hard to Digest and Requires More Time to break down and get absorbed. So What do they have to absorb? cellulose Have to absorb. tree leaf absorption Is. To absorb and digest it More time and more effort. Lager Small intestine for digestion of cellulose which Is hard to digest and requires more Time to break down and get absorbed. Carnivar is a little smaller in comparison This happens because digesting meat Comparatively easier than cellulose Is. So remember the word cellulose here also. Let's move ahead. CBSE 2020, 2020, 2020 This or a similar question. In Human Beings when the process of digestion is Completed, the proteins, carbohydrates And Fats Are Respected Finally Converted to. I told you to remember that. FCP When digestion is complete, what does it convert into? Where? Small In the intestine. So the fat is converted In fatty acids. Carbohydrate Convert It is present in glucose. and protein convert It is present in amino acids. what first Is? There are proteins and amino acids. Then Carbohydrates, glucose, then fat, fatty acids Acid and glycerol. Here it is. Ok? 2025, Asked repeatedly in 2023, 2021, 2019 boards going. which enzyme is secreted in Mouth and what does it digest? in the mouth saliva from the salivary glands What does amylase do? starch to Digests it. So salivary amylase Digest starch. clear? Let's go CBSE 204, 2020, 2021, 2020 was the question that came up again and again. What are Villains? Vilai asks questions. So what is Villai, son? Vilai your one There are finger-like extensions. where would you be Is this it? on the inner wall of small Intestine. What happens with this? Surface The area of absorption increases. What Does it? It absorbs food. How do they help in absorption of food? That's all I told you. then they are supplied with blood vessels, capillaries through which Absorbed food is supplied to the cells of the body. Now look, he has said 1 2 3. Look at the part carefully. 1 2 3 He What did you say? Specific enzymes or juices Tell me what will be available in these locations. So this forest What will you get here? Salivary amylase. So the first amylase could be either of these two Is. Where is the second part? second part I have a liver. What does the liver contain? Bile juice. What comes out of bile juice Is it mine? Bile juice seconds where is mine? Yes. It is on my liver. So bile juice so I have given bile juice directly. Let's finish it. And Third, where is my part? third It is the pancreas. Look carefully. is visible Is? Can you see the third part or not? What is my third one? Pancreas. Pancreatic juice. in pancreatic juice What do we have? Trypsin and lipase. So look here, trypsin has been given. So This option has been corrected. Come on brother, move on Are. Let's do another experiment To prove that whatever is in the saliva Our enzyme is salivary amylase, that's right. Does it break down starch or not? saliva What is the job of amylase? starch to Breaking into simple substances Make So what do we do? a test Starch is poured inside the tube and We spit on top. put saliva Are. What if saliva gets on starch? Will he? The enzyme inside it will be salivary amylase which breaks down complex Carbohydrates. will break down starch In small pieces. And if it breaks There is no starch anymore. If we are now in this What if you add iodine? Will there be a starch test? Blue Black One. No. Because the starch is finished. So what did we see? No color change. Iodine Put. There was no blue black color. Starch not present. Why not Is it present? What came out of this? Salivary amylase which breaks down starch Gave. Secondly, we took starch and Iodine added. put iodine in starch So what will happen? Blue black color was visible. Starch is present. Conclusion saliva Causes breakdown of starch. by saliva What did you do? Broken down the starch. On this There is also a question regarding CBSE 2020, 2023 or A similar question arises. what is the name Of enzymes found in fluid of our mouth? Name of the enzyme is salivary amylase. End Which gland produces salivary gland. Explain the action of saliva on food with the Help of an activity. So this activity It's done. action of saliva on food with the Help of an activity. This is that activity This is how you can know the action of saliva on food. You have proved its action on starch. Gave. clear? Next is our process. Respiration. Now what is respiration? Many People feel the inhalation and exhalation Ko respiration. No son. respiration is The food you just ate, the food you digested, By breaking down the glucose that was formed To extract energy from it. and our The energy produced in the body is Form of ATP is produced. What is ATP? Energy is the currency. like our body She says give us 100 ATP. Meaning Give us the energy equivalent to 100 ATP. So The Process of Breaking Down of Food to Released energy in the form of ATP is called Respiration. break the food into pieces The process of producing energy from food is called respiration. Now many people get confused between Respiration and breathing. So what Understand that there is a difference. What is breathing? Inhale and exhale the air. And What is respiration? breaking up the food Creating energy from it. both are absolutely It is a different thing. Breathing carefully See. It is a physical process. And look at the respiration. breaking up the food Created energy. i.e. any chemical reaction will be. That is, glucose converts into something. will be. sometimes into carbon dioxide, sometimes into water It converts into all these things. So What is your respiration? a chemical There is a process. Sometimes it is called biochemical We also talk about the process because our It is happening inside the body. Listen to the third thing. Breathing requires energy. Does it seem like an effort or not? So, it takes energy for us to breathe. Is. Whereas in respiration energy is released It comes out. Fourth thing, where is breathing? it occurs? in our nose, in our nasal passages In which? in the windpipe, in the trachea, In our lungs. If we look at it broadly, we Can tell where the breathing is taking place Is? In the lungs. You can roughly say Breathing happens in the lungs. where is respiration Does it happen on? Where is this energy produced? What is produced in the stomach? No son. of the body Energy is produced in each cell. Joe Glucose It was made in the last one, what did you do to it? Was? The solution had absorbed it. blood Was given to Vessel. Now through the blood, that which It is food, that glucose is for the body. Will go into each cell. In each cell. Leg cells, arm cells, hip cells, head Key cell, brain cell. In each cell, they The glucose will reach there and inside the cell Energy will be produced from that glucose by breaking it down. That means respiration happens in cells. So this Four differences have been written. You should read this That this is a physical process, this is a chemical process. What is this? No energy released. instead Energy is required. And here the energy Is released in the form of ATP. here Happens in lungs, happens in cells. So this Read the four differences. But understand one thing. Breathing is necessary for respiration to occur For. Yes. Yes, yes. yes why why why Brother, when you want to break down food to create energy If so, cooking requires fuel. No? Do you burn gas or not? So oxygen It is a fuel with which we break down food. Let's create energy. What is oxygen? There is fuel. So breathing is necessary for Respiration but both are not the same thing. Breathing is essential for respiration. O2 Is fuel for respiration. Oxygen is felt Only then does the food break down and become energy. Now See how respiration happens? So we do does did? The food was digested and What happened? The carbohydrates that were Glucose was formed. And what did Vilai say Did? deliver that glucose to the blood vessels Gave. Now what did the blood vessels do? That Glucose is taken up by all the cells in the body Near. What access does every cell of the body have? Went? Glucose. What is glucose? six carbons is a molecule of. C6H12 O6. Now what about inside sales? It happens? Cytoplasm. what is cytoplasm Is? The fluid that is present throughout the cell. These Suppose we have a sale. So the whole thing in this The fluid visible in the cell is called are the cytoplasm. Now, the cytoplasm What happens inside is that this glucose breaks down It seems to be in small parts. And It breaks down into smaller molecules. Remember the name pyruvate. Pyrovat. What is pyrovate? three carbon Molecule. What is glucose? 1 2 3 4 5 six What is colon pyruvate? 1 2 3 three carbons molecule of this in small parts broke down. What comes out with it? Energy. So son, what is this? This is respiration. Where is respiration taking place? In sales. large glucose molecules in the cytoplasm molecule, six carbon molecule Breaking into small pieces. of pyrovate Molecules are being formed and energy is being released along with them. It is coming out. This is the first step. second step There is another one. Of respiration. Respiration What is? Energy by breaking down food Make You must have heard one thing that about the cell Mitochondria are inside. Mitochondria. work of mitochondria What was it? What do you think of mitochondria? Is? Power House of the Cell. Power house means It creates energy. So son, what happened? Respiration has already happened here. Energy It's done. After this, mitochondria in the cell In the presence of oxygen inside. Mitochondria in the cell receiving oxygen What is the presence of oxygen inside Happened? These pyruvate and small molecules I broke down. Broken in what? Carbon dioxide, Water and energy were released. what happened in Son? Complete oxidation has taken place of pyrogate. Whenever a carbon If the compound is completely oxidized Carbon dioxide, water, and energy are released Is. You have to study this in Chemistry also. We will now study any carbon compound. When carbon is compounded, it will read methane, read ethane, any carbon compound if Its complete oxidation should take place in the presence of Oxygen. So what happens? Carbon dioxide, water and lots of energy. So, Where did this respiration take place? occurred in mitochondria. Ok? good a There are other types of respiration. This one is Look, it's normal. which occurred in the cytoplasm That was just the first step. Where is step number one? What happened on? Cytoplasm. Where is step number two? What happened on? In the mitochondria inside the cell. What happened? This pyrovate also breaks down into carbon dioxide, water and energy are made into Presence of oxygen. That's why Mitochondria is called powerhouse Oxygen. Good. Many times in the absence of Oxygen also breaks down pyruvate. In which is this It happens? This happens in yeast. so like We have taken the example of the East here. Absence of oxygen Breakage. When son is without oxygen The carbon molecule breaks down, so Oxidation cannot happen properly. Incomplete oxidation occurs. So, yeast What did we see inside? incomplete Oxidation of glucose or pyruvate You can. Incomplete. what is incomplete Made product? Have to remember. What came out? Ethanol is formed, carbon dioxide and energy. Ethanol is a two carbon molecule. Is. C2H5OH. So what is ethanol? two carbon Molecule. So it became two from three. Small So it's done. But it did not become so small. Carbon Dioxide, see a very small carbon. It got a little smaller here. Ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy. Where would this have been Is? This happens inside the yeast. when would it have been Is? Occurs in the absence of oxygen. Now Because ethanol is made here and ethanol is a Contains alcohol. That is why it is called alcoholic It is also called respiration. What do you say? Alcoholic respiration. or several times Also called alcoholic fermentation. You might have heard about fermentation in the context of making wine. comes in use. So this is used to Produce beer. Don't drink that dirty thing. lever It spoils it. [ __ ], buddy drinks. This Does your friend drink alcohol at his age? Who is that friend? Hey, it's illegal, brother. Will go. Who drinks alcohol in this over? Empty Is it going to rise? Yes. So absence of Where in the oxygen? Happened in yeast. And What was made in it? Ethanol Carbon dioxide Energy. Now son, this is incomplete. So here But the energy released is less. This In comparison, the energy here is 10 times more. It decreases. So this is great respiration. No, son. This is great respiration Not there. Good. The second could be something else There is lack of oxygen. that there is oxygen but very little It's not good. One is presence. Great oxygen mitochondria. One is absolutely Absence. Where? In yeast. One is lack of Oxygen. What is this? This is our muscle Occurs in sales. especially those muscle cells Which are attached to our bones. Value Look, you are running. running fast Yes, you are running, running, running, You are running very fast. And you suddenly Energy is needed from Running out of energy It is happening. Now you can't even breathe while running. You can take it. Where can you take it? I am not able to breathe. So the oxygen goes It is no more. So what happened? Lack of Oxygen is done. In such a case when the lock off Oxygen is lost when you are stressed Do you do activities that cause lack of oxygen? The respiration that occurs in this pyruvate breaks down, it breaks down lactic In acid and energy. What is this even? This too There is incomplete oxidation. Where does this happen? It happens in our muscle cells. and where It happens? This happens in our muscle cells. Attach to bone. and also in some bacteria Things happen. What was made in it? lactic Acid and Energy. Here too, my son, energy is low. It is made. The best energy here because Complete oxidation where mitochondria Carbon Dioxide Water Energy in Complete oxidation. The most energy Less than that here and the least here. Lac here Absence of oxygen here. So Most energy here, less here Less than that is produced here. What is this even? Lack of oxygen. There is less oxygen in this also. These When does it happen? When you are stressed. And You said no energy in stress Will have to make it. So he said let's take off I do one thing in Oxygen itself. Am. Trying to break the parvovirus and make it smaller I do. But I won't be able to make it that small. As small as it can be. so little oxygen I gave less fuel, right? Oxygen is fuel Due to which this entire reaction is happening. So If less fuel was available, the reaction was slightly reduced. Lactic acid is formed and energy is generated. This we What do people say sometimes? lactic acid Respiration or lactic acid fermentation It was named after it. Now one more thing to note Listen from When oxygen is present, we It is called aerobic respiration. When oxygen must is present, so we call it Aerobic respiration. that there must be oxygen It happened in presence. Air is present. Aerobic respiration. In both these cases You see that the oxygen is a little low. Has been. Yes or no? In both these cases You see it's not here at all. And what is there here too? It is lacking. So when less Oxygen presence or oxygen present It may not happen. We call these two cases n Aerobic respiration. N. Aerobic. of N means N means N means no air i.e. air Not there. Anaerobic respiration, so both of these Became anaerobic. This is your aerobic respiration. Done. Which produces more energy? In aerobic respiration. Which one is less Is? In anaerobic. Remember the end product will be. So you will have to learn this thing. What products are being made? First Step son is common to all three that first So respiration would happen in the cytoplasm. only occurs. in the cytoplasm of the cell It always happens. Then the mitochondria Inside the cell are mitochondria Is. This is a cell. inside the mitochondria This will happen only when you have the presence of oxygen. yes. Complete oxidation. Carbon dioxide, water and lots of energy nickel She goes. Which one is this? Aerobic Respiration. and in the absence of oxygen Does it happen in? Occurs in yeast. There Ethanol, Carbon Dioxide and Energy It comes out. Ok? How is this? Anaerobic In the absence of oxygen. And if lack of Where is the oxygen? Our attached muscle cells Two bonuses or occurs in some bacteria. What is made in it? lactic acid and Energy. Remember their names. alcoholic Respiration or fermentation. lactic Respiration or fermentation. What are both? Anaerobic energy is low. ok one more thing Pay attention. When this thing happens, right? This is important when it happens. Dude, I get muscle cramps. Fatigue occurs Is. Fatigue means tiredness. Cramps mean pain It happens. Why does it hurt? Quickly You asked for energy and quick work. It belongs to the devil. He said as he ran Give energy. The body said, take it quickly. I take your energy but I give you in return I will leave after giving pain. So son, this lactic There is acid, because of this we get cramps and Fatigue occurs. during intense exercise Muscles Rapidly Convert Glucose to Lactic Acid Acid for quick energy. in a hurry Gave energy. What did the muscle do? convert What did glucose do? lactic acid In. This one's case. This Lactic Acid Buildup Up cause fatigue and cramps in muscles. Wrote Camp Is. Cramps in muscles. Ok? in muscle It gets cramped. So this is its Disadvantage is also quick energy loss To make. Look at the question. 204, 2022, 2020 these A similar question is coming up. So do this Will take. Glucose is added to the cytoplasm. What did the three carbon molecule become? Pyrovat PI V Y R U V A T. Then Presence of oxygen in mitochondria Pay this plus this plus this what is this? Carbon Dioxide. Ok? Now let's see the difference Whose is mentioned here? Aerobic and Of anaerobic respiration. In aerobic Oxygen is required. In anaerobic Oxygen is not required. In aerobic More Energy Produced. Less in anaerobic Energy produced. Complete in Aerobic Oxidation and breakdown of glucose. Complete Kind of broken. Incomplete here Oxidation and breakdown of glucose. Where does aerobics occur? Akers Inn Cytoplasm and mitochondria. Aerobic Which one was Wala in? In mitochondria. Where is anaerobic happening? only in Cytoplasm. only in the cytoplasm Happened. then to another cell organelle Mitochondria. occurring in mitochondria Oxygen is needed for this. What are N products? used to be? When the absolutely lovely complete If oxidation occurs, the end product is carbon. dioxide, water energy. So carbon dioxide, water, and energy as well. make notes. What were the N products here? Here It used to depend. Occurred in lack of oxygen So lactic acid was formed. Lack of oxygen Lactic acid will be remembered as Lac Lactic acid And there is no absence of oxygen at all. If it is yeasty, ethanol will be produced and carbon dioxide. So ethanol plus carbon dioxide or lactic acid. So this aerobic Remember aerobic respiration. It is important, it is asked in the exam. Correct Is? 204, 2020, 2022 came in CBSE Question. Name the substance that builds up in the muscle cells during vigorous physical Exercise may cause cramps. So who is that What causes cramps? It is caused by lactic acid. The Build Up Of Lactic acid. What is this? Anaerobic Respiration in lack of oxygen. Next which gas is released during anaerobic Respiration in yeast. So what's in yeast? Was? Absence of oxygen. What came out? Ethanol and carbon dioxide. So which one Gas? Carbon dioxide. so remember It will take a little bit. Next is our Human Respiratory system of the body. breathing whole system. Understanding the Breathing System You will have to understand how oxygen comes and how How it reaches the lungs and then to the rest of the body Every cell gets oxygen. so this page There is also a question from Dun. let us see What is? Where did the breath first come from? Air Enters the Passage. First of all, where do we I? Eyes in the nostrils. i.e., the nostrils In. Where did the breath enter first? of the nose in the hole. Yes. Where did the breath go after this? In the nasal passage. In this thing. what is this Our? Nasal passage. Now you look carefully. Look, this is our nasal passage, this is You can see the nasal passage inside, hey yuck yuck what are you doing You see hair in the nasal passage Nose hairs come out like this Yes, these hairs come out and inside Its mucus is filled, not like this nose It doesn't come out like this, does it eat you? Yes, there is someone. Your friend who eats nose Some people do it secretly without even knowing it. It becomes sweet if you do it like this, oh Sir, how do you know I have never eaten it? So what is the nasal passage then in the nasal passage What is hairy and filled with mucus What happens is that if the breath If any dirt has come inside with it, then Capture it. That dust in the hair The particles will get trapped. the mucus that is in You will get stuck and only oxygen will go inside. So these work as filtration. Nasal Passage have hair linings passage for Filtration of air. Passage lined with mucus To trap dirt and dust and filtration of Air. What did you do? Trapped the dirt, the dust Filtration of air. Now breathe from here Went inside. Next comes our two things. Profit and loss. P&L. Profit End Loss. What is P? Ferrings. What is L? Larynx. Brothers and sisters, ferings, lerings. it The hole that you see, this hole that you see It is happening, this is called ferings. What are ferings, son? There is a common path To eat and breathe. of food and breathing There is a common path. Common Passage for Food and Air. That's why they say don't talk while eating. do it. Otherwise the food will get stuck in the throat. because are you breathing from here and You are eating from this also. So this is the common passage. For food and air ferings. This pit You can see this hole here. Yes, this hole is visible. this is Pharynx. A This is Ferins. Its Just Son, it doesn't look like this bulging down below. This gutka has come out. This is visible Below you can see my sorry gutka. This which This is the larynx that has come out like a lump. So Pharyngeals above, larynx below. P&L Profit and loss. What is the larynx now? Son? Larynx, your voice box That's your larynx. So here Has larynx produces sound containing vocal The cord allows air to pass into the trachea. Trachea means the front wind pipe. So The function of the larynx is to remember. What is? There are vocal cords. Produces Sound It helps to speak. Produces Sound Contain vocal cords that allow air to pass into Trachea. Now what is the trackia brother? This pipe is called trachea. Wind pipe. Like the name of the feeding pipe Esophagus. So the breathing tube I don't say that the breathing tube is going, that is it Trachea. What is? Trachea. to the trachea What do we say? Wind pipe. Trachea What is? Wind pipe. What is the question from here? Do you know? Listen carefully. This raises the question From the trachea. What question comes up? trachea You can see this above. something circular circular like this such like kuch kuch kuch kuch It looks like this. these are like this It looks like this inside. what is this Is? This is called rings of cartilage. It looks like a ring. Rings of Cartilage. Function of Rings of Cartilage What is? that which is your wind pipe It is a trachea and needs to be protected from getting compressed. What Want to avoid something? To deflate. accept your This wind pipe got crushed. Oh brother, just breathe Will not go inside. So what does it do? It Prevents it prevents air passage from Collapsing. from collapsing it, that is This prevents it from getting crushed. So rings of Cartilage. This happens. Ask its function Already happened. Look at the board asked in 2023, Asked in 21, asked in 19. Its on the board asks the function. Prevents Air Passage From collapsing. Trakia from Collapsing. Wind Pipe From Collapsing You can say anything. understand the trachea Went? Wind pipe. Okay, now my breath is down. It went down, it went down, it went down, it went down. Now Where do you want to go brother? Everyone knows the breath It has to go to the lungs. So now breathe it It will later go to the lungs. Where do the lungs begin? Happened? From here. Where the trachea ended. This track is over. and the trachea divide It happened in two parts. What do we call these two parts? Do you speak? Bronchi. Two lunges on both sides like this I have to go. So this tube that was coming The wind pipe split into two directions. This way What do we call this? Bronchi. What Do you speak? Bronchi. Two bronchi connect Trachea to each lung. What is bronchi? tube that carries the trachea from the lung Let's connect. Now when the bronchi move forward If it is there then look at it like this, Puchda Puchda Puchda Puchda Started leaving. Go ahead and see what happened? Puchda Puchda Puchda Puchda Puchda. These Bronchi turned out. Go ahead and lick your lips It became a mess. These thin These are thin, thin, thin, thin tubes. What do we say? They call them Bronchioles. What happened? The bronchi that were there are divided went into the thin, thin, thin tube which we They say bronchioles. what is their work Is? Increased surface area for absorption Give. Brother, if there was only one tube then there would be only one air. She would have been going by tube. What's up now? For him thin-thin thin-thin so completely like that It got scattered in thin pieces like this. So what is this Is? Bronchioles. What is this? thin There are thin tubes that run throughout the lungs. They get scattered. Bronchioles. each bronchi Divides into longs to form large numbers of Smaller tubes called bronchioles. Bronchioles Are Small Air Passages That Lead Directly to the Alvalai. Now this Elvalai Let's see what it is. So now I understand I came here, catch it first. Come to the last part Went because we. So what's first? There is a nostril. The hole through which the breath entered. Then What is? Our nasal passage. nasal passage What's in it? There is hair, there is mucus which is dirt Prevents dust, filtration Will do. What is coming to us after this? What's coming next? PNL Ferries and larynx. What is Ferins? Common The way to eat and air. what are larynxes Is? Our sound box vocal cords. Its Later came the wind pipe. Trachea. and trachea What is there on top of it? Rings of Cartilage Which Prevents Wind Pipe From collapsing. Then after that, breathe in It went, it went inside, into what did it get divided? Bronchi. What is bronchi? two tubes Which will go into each lung. Then bronchi into thin, thin tubes Divided. whom we told Bronchioles. and these bronchioles thin thin small tubes go into Are there ends? It has circular ends In the sphere. In which? This ball is in the last It seems it is becoming like a ball. Is. Hey look at this, hey look at this, hey look at this These are called alvalais. go to the last Where do these end? go to the last Son, these are the ends. It is seen that No? This ends in the end In this Elvalais. sphere in this thing The bronchioles end in circles Elvalais. Now what is Elvalais, son? Alveoli are small bags of air. What is Elvalai? Small air bags. This is what Elvalai looks like. What is Elvalai? There are small air bags. what is their work Is? It is very important. You took oxygen. Oxygen went in. Went into the trachea. From the trachea into the bronchi. then his Later in the bronchioles. Now in Air Sax Thin little air sacs. This son is thin Small and thin. Thin means their The walls are very thin. What do they do? Took oxygen. And these sides surrounded They are made up of thin blood vessels. With whom? From thin blood vessels. These What do you do? The oxygen you took, now Oxygen has to be delivered to the blood. So their The walls of these air bags are so thin. in The walls of the air bag are so thin that Where does the oxygen go when it leaves here? Is? In the blood. and so is carbon Where does dioxide blast come from? In Alvalai. We expel carbon dioxide I have to take it out too. So carbon from the blood body Brought dioxide. and from Elvalai Exchanges. So what about Elvalai? It happens? Exchange of air. So Elvalai What is? A Tiny Balloon Like Air Sacs. Small balloons means very thin. Wall It is very thin. Sex located at the end of Bronchioles. in the last of the bronchioles Thin Wall Very thin and moist for Easy gas diffuse. The gas has to diffuse. Surrounded by a network of blood capillaries. What are capillaries, son? Vessels only When they become very thin, they become capillaries. Go away. which are blood tubes, which There is a blood pipe, when it becomes very thin Capillaries are gone. So what about capillaries? It is tied like this right next to it. They What do you do? takes out oxygen Carbon dioxide inside. Why does he go? Because the wall is very thin. They Are The Sight Of Gas Exchange in the Lungs. Each Lung Contains Millions of Alvalai providing a large Surface Area for Efficient Diffuse. What Are there? Millions of Alvalaya are here Inside the lungs. What are you getting from it? Large There is a lot of surface area. so a lot of Surface Area for Gas Diffusion. Ok? Let's move on. Next. Now look at this This is what has been shown. This is your al-Wilay. This The thing has been further represented. This is your Son, look, balls and balls are made of balls and balls. Is. What is this? There is bronchiole. and this What is? Alvalai alvalai alvalai. See What do you see next to it? Blood Running. Can you see it or not? These Look, the blood vessels are visible. red ones What are you doing, Blood Vessel, son? red ones Blood vessels. Red means it has brought oxygen. Ok? And what are the blue ones doing? Carbon dioxide. Red means take oxygen Will go. And what are the blue ones doing? Carbon dioxide has been brought. Ok? So We call this artery and vein. Ahead I will read this. Don't take so much tension right now. Simple. This red one, what will he do? It will take oxygen from the alveoli. And this which It's the blue one, what will it do? to Alvalai It will give off carbon dioxide. wrote the same thing Is. Always Are Richly Supplied With Blood Vessels for Efficient Exchange of Gases. What is around Alvalai? blood vessels Richly supplied with many blood vessels supplied with blood vessels for efficient Exchange of gases oxygen from alveoli You breathed in oxygen rich in oxygen. In Alvavilai. Where does he have to go? blood In. Oxygen from the alveoli diffuses into The blood capillaries. thin blood Oxygen went into the tube. From here What did the oxygen go into? In the red one. The red ones in the tube. of arterial blood In capillary. carbon dioxide from Blood diffuses into the alveoli. and in the blood The blue one which is carbon dioxide What does this carbon dioxide look like? Happened? He went to Alvalai. Ok? Look at the question that has come up on this. CBSE 2024 Yes CBSE 2024 20 22 18 many times its I have a similar question. Describe the exchange of Gases in Elvalai and why are they Elvalai Richly supplied with blood vessels? understood Will take. What is the exchange of gases taking place? that the blood is taking oxygen from it and Carbon dioxide is being given to it. Why Richly Supplied? so that efficient Exchange of gases can take place. Ok? Next, understand one thing about our breathing. Process inhaling and excelling. So our Son, there is a diaphragm here. You must have heard it. This is the diaphragm. What the diaphragm does is support your abdomen. Separates from your chest. This is like this It happens. It is a dome shaped muscle. this is to It is called diaphragm. Dome shaped here What does the muscle separate? Our chests To, from our abdomens. Now for the diaphragm What is the work? Listen carefully. Diaphragm The relaxed position remains like this Is. When you breathe, you move your chest You enlarge the cavity and the diaphragm is like this Go down like this and get straight to the contract. and your chest cavity is larger She goes. I feel breathless. Then when you breathe If you leave, the diagram diaphragm comes back Relax, do this, do that, your dom Gets back in shape. This is the work. Breath Look inside, this is it. I have a chest cavity right now Above. The chest that is above. Now to breathe So do we have to puff out our chests or not? Breath? If I breathe as much as I can, what then? will be? The diaphragm will contract. These Its original position is dome shaped. Original position contracted and straightened went down. contracted and straightened down and the chest cavity became larger. full of breath Went. Now if you want to exhale then push it To exhale. So Then the diaphragm relaxed and came up. Relaxed, came up, relaxed, came up Came back to its original position. And We Excel. So this is inhalation or They say inspiration. acceleration or Expiry. This breathing and exhaling. What happened in the inhalation? Diaphragm Contracted and moves downward Becomes flat. Look, it went down. Below This is what happened. It was like this that he came down And it came down and became flat. when it's down If it comes, the chest cavity will become bigger. Chest The cavity becomes larger. Air is sucked into the Lungs. Second acceleration. In acceleration What is? Diaphragm relaxes. Now it was like this. This made me go back to the relaxed position. What will happen if it goes like this? Move upwards. Moves upward and becomes dome shape. back to your Came into dome shape. This is its original shape Is. Dome shape. The chest cavity becomes smaller. Now what happened? The hole in the chest, this chest What is the place, I mean what happened? be small Went. If it comes up, the chest cavity will become smaller. Went. Air is pushed out from the lungs. Correct Is? So remember this. One more thing in the exam He asks. What is residual volume? What happens many times? We are school school I don't compete. I will hold my breath. We will not breathe. We will hold our breath. Sometimes you do this when you are very sad. You are. Mom and Dad go to fight So what do you say? We die by holding our breath Will go. Who all have done this? in childhood Everyone must have done it. We will die holding our breath Own. Sitting in the room. Hit me a lot, mom That's why I don't read. This is my real There are no parents. I will die by holding my breath In my room. You will die holding your breath. It would be released after some time. as long as you If you hold your breath, your lungs are very active. The lungs have already saved some oxygen. Is. Keeping the residual volume hidden with you When you behave like this, he has work to do. There should be oxygen to run. Amount of Air Always Remain in lungs to provide sufficient time To absorb O2 and release CO2. so this is Question asked in 2023-21 19. This is its A similar question was asked that what is always a Does it? Keep an amount of air with you Keeps you busy to provide sufficient time to Absorb O2 and release CO2. near you There should be sufficient time. So remember that a It always preserves the volume of oxygen It is to provide you sufficient time. Ok? Let's move on. Next is respiration. These plants. It is very simple. Out of it Understand one simple thing. What happens during the day? What happens at night? Look, during the day Photosynthesis occurs. Day time. Daytime What happens in? Photosynthesis. What happens in photosynthesis? oxygen Comes out. Remember? in photosynthesis Glucose, water and oxygen. So What is the first thing that happens in photosynthesis? Oxygen was formed. and respiration during the day will be. What does the plant do during the day, brother? The food cooked will generate energy. So The plant cooked the food. Now the energy from Made it. So to create energy Respiration. What is in respiration? Remember it came out? So carbon dioxide, water And energy. So what about outside in respiration? Turned out? Carbon dioxide. Now tell me one thing Does photosynthesis require carbon dioxide? Is it needed? Photosynthesis allows you to Remember the process? Carbon dioxide plus Water and glucose came out here and what Did it come out? Oxygen and water came out. So What carbon is needed for photosynthesis? dioxide is needed? yes it would have been Is. So during the day due to plant respiration The carbon dioxide released is used goes into photosynthesis. So during the day What is the only effective way to get out of the plant? Does it come out? Oxygen. That is why we say Trees and plants give us oxygen during the day. For what reason do you give? due to photosynthesis From. what is released in photosynthesis Outside? Oxygen. But in respiration out What came out? Carbon dioxide was also released. But this carbon dioxide was used by the plant. Li in photosynthesis. in photosynthesis Carbon dioxide is needed. So I used the respiration one. So carbon The dioxide is not visible at all. overall What came out? Oxygen. So tree day I give us oxygen. But if I Let me talk about night, photosynthesis at night will what? will what? will what? No will be. Because there is no sunlight. So at night No oxygen will escape. Only What will happen? Respiration. breaking up the food Energy will be generated. He took his food during the day Took. Stored in starch form. Energy by breaking it. So at night Just what is coming out? Carbon dioxide. So what is the net result at night? Is? CO2 is given out. That's why it's called night I should not sleep near a tree. at night Trees give out carbon dioxide. during the day what gives? O2 during the day. 2025, 204, Question asked in 2021, 2019 CBSE Board. This is a similar question. Which of the following Statement about respiration in plant is Correct? Which of these statements is correct Is? Respiration in Plants Acres Only During daytime? No. Both times were Is. Oxygen is not required. oxygen So it is required. Only Leaves Carry Out Respiration in Plants. No son Respiration takes place in each cell. Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves. Respiration in each cell. both Photosynthesis and Respiration Acar in Leave During the day. That's correct. during the day Photosynthesis and respiration will also take place. will be. Next is Breathing in Fish. Buddy One special thing about fish is that they require hard work. You have to breathe more. Because it is underwater. underwater There is dissolved oxygen. So dissolved They open their mouths to get oxygen. Water Let's take it. dissolve oxygen from water Absorb it. The remaining water is absorbed through your gills Take it out of. So overall these It takes a lot of hard work. So you will see Their rate of breathing is higher than ours. It happens. Fish Take in Water Through Mouth Force It Passes The Gills. expelled from the gills. Disolved oxygen is taken by blood. So Brother, the dissolved oxygen inside the water It absorbs it. Rest of the water gill Take it out of. when you open your mouth If so, close the gills. when the mouth is closed If we do, we open our gills. Mouth Open Grill closed viceversa. mouth open water Took it off, absorbed oxygen. Gill Opened it and drained out the water. Testerial Organisms vs. Aquatic Organisms. We breathe oxygen in the atmosphere. Terrestrial means they live on land. We So you can comfortably smell the oxygen in the atmosphere. Let's take it. Meaning we absorb it. This is a big problem for them. what do they do Are? Aquatic Organisms. Use dissolved Oxygen in water. oxygen in water It is a solution, it has to be taken. Therefore their Rate of breathing is more than they have to Obtain oxygen dissolved in water. so Their rate of breathing is high. Next is our process. Transportation. What is transportation? Keeping different substances in one place inside the body to be taken to another place. like example Where did the oxygen you breathed go? In the lungs. Now this oxygen reaches each and every part of the body. The cell needs it. So what will happen? of the lungs This oxygen dissolves in the blood through. Then Through the blood, this oxygen reaches every part of the body. It is transported to the cell. Now your There is a single cell in each body, brother. what is she doing Is? Removing waste products. Now this Sending all the waste products to sales too It has to be taken out also. So the same car Come and take out the garbage from the house. So what happens? This waste will come out from the cell. dissolved in the blood It will go and take the blood and excrete it. Will give. Will throw it out. For example, you Had meal. Brother, I ate the food and it went into my stomach. Glucose is formed after reaching the intestine. Now this Glucose, it supplies each and every cell of the body. Needed Your leg cells, thigh cells, hands Key cells, finger cells, eye cells, brain Everyone wants a sale of Rs. Now what is this glucose? will be? It will dissolve in the blood from the intestine. Then the blood vessels take it and dissolve it in the blood. This glucose of yours is for each and every cell. It will reach near and what about everyone else? glucose Will get it. Everyone will get food. so very All the things that are inside the body There is transport. And if you look at The biggest thing inside human beings The transport system is circulatory. System. There is also a lymphatic system located laterally. I will read it. within human beings The largest transport system is Circulatory system. Transportation to us I have to read these humans and I have to read plants. So the largest circulatory system in humans System. Beta three in the circulatory system There are components. First blood, second Tubes that carry blood. blood vessels And the third organ is the organ that pumps blood. Our heart. So blood, blood vessels and Heart. So first of all son we will study blood. So what is blood, son? one of the blood bodies It is fluid. It is red in colour. have seen The color of blood is red. We consider blood a connective tissue. Tissues also speak. What does blood do? different things inside the body Transports. question board here It comes from components of the blood. of blood What are the components? plasma, RBC, WBC and platelets. To all First plasma. What is plasma? of blood The largest component of blood is fluid. Look, it looks yellow in colour. Yes. So it is pale yellow in colour Plasma. Now plasma, which is blood fluid, What is its function? Its most important Its function is to transport carbon dioxide. to do. At the same time, it also transports food. Also does. At the same time, this is West's Also provides transport. This is yours Plasma. Ok? So what does he do? Carbon dioxide. Remember. West and Remember food carbon dioxide well. Next is RBC. Red Blood Corpse Lyrics Take it or call it red blood cells. of RBC Oxygen has the most important function To transport. transport of oxygen who does? RBC. carbon dioxide It also produces carbon dioxide, but most of it is Who is your major transportation system? Plasma. The main function of red blood cells Transporting oxygen. How does he do it? Red blood cells have a special protein It is called hemoglobin. hemoglobin What does it do? binds to oxygen Is. Then oxygen is taken to different parts of the body Takes you to the part. and this is hemoglobin The largest region is the red color of blood. To be. So the red color is also hemoglobin Provides blood. So in this Contains hemoglobin. What does it do? These Transports oxygen and red color to blood. The third thing is your WBC. white blood Everyone knows what sales does? battle He quarrels. Gives immunity. Fights infections. And the last is ours Platelets. What do platelets do? Blood Helps in clotting. somewhere If bleeding occurs, then in clotting of blood It helps. Ok? Let's move on Are. Now the tubes that carry blood. So this The network is a complete body of tubes. There are a lot of tubes in it. in network of What do we call tubes? of blood Vessels speak. Blood vessel if Look at the rough, son, there are two types of you. Will meet. First, oxygen from the heart The clotted blood carries cells to different parts of the body. Tubes going out. These are called arteries. So the blood that goes from the heart to the body goes to different cells, right away from oxygen Full blood goes away, this is called Oxygenated blood. Who takes it away? Arteries. What do you do? Carys Blood Away From the heart. Taking blood from the heart They are in different organs. oxygenated blood This happens. Will you see this? It's always red Shown by colour. These arteries that are red You can't see the color here. one to you It looks blue. One looks red to you. Is No, when you turn on the red torch, it is visible and Neeli continues to look like this. So this red What is she taking with her? Oxygenated blood. Where? From the heart to the body In different organs In different cells. each other kind There are also vessels. variants which are Vance. Now brother, oxygenated in different cells The blood arrived. Oxygenated blood. Now Different cells took up oxygen. from him Respiration done. carried out their processes and Removed the vest. carbon dioxide Fired out. Now the carbon dioxide Turns out the cell doesn't want it. he will say Take it away. Who will take it? Blood. and which are tubes, which are vessels, which carbon dioxide comes in different We call them Vance from the cell. He gives you They appear blue in colour. blue blue Why? Because they lack oxygen. Is. Carbon dioxide goes inside them. This is called deoxygenated blood. These Where do you return after taking blood? Hart's Near. Vance returns blood to the heart. Correct Is? Let us first understand these two. Then I will tell you the third one also. Let us go. So the arteries caries Blood Away From The Heart. arteries red Wali. Blood is taken from the heart to different organs In. How is it? Rich in oxygenated Blood. What kind of blood does it carry? from oxygen Lass blood after all our cells. Hi There is pressure. Why high pressure? Because our heart is a pump. Tullu Is. Tullu. Yes. So what does the heart do? It throws the blood very tightly like this. So What happens inside it? There was high pressure It is in the arteries. That's why the arteries are thick And they are thicker. Thick and elastic walls. The board asks if the arteries are thick and Why have elastic walls? Why? Because The blood inside it is under high pressure. Heart Arteries are coming from. Look, remember Arteries Away From the Heart. A of the arteries Away from the Heart also has a. Arteries Away From the heart. And what kind of blood comes from the heart? Is? Full of oxygen. in each cell It goes to the body. And how does it happen? Hi Pressure. High pressure hence thick end There are elastic valves. No one inside it There are no valves. valves means valves They put it wherever there is a back to something There should be no flow. don't return anything That's why a valve is installed. Now from the heart The blood flows at such high pressure that its There is no chance of coming back. Hart did this It pushed the blood and sent it to your feet. In, in the hand. Now when I'm going here There is no chance of coming back. above as well Even if he goes, he does not return. It's going up Even then it does not come down due to gravity. Why? Because it goes under very high pressure Is. The second type of vessels are Veins that appear bluish blue. These What do you do? Carys Blood back to the Heart. Different cells from different organs Deoxygenated blood that contains carbon dioxide is high, take it back to the heart Come in. Returns blood to the heart. What will happen in this? Contains deoxygenated Blood. carbon dioxide inside it Will happen. There will be less oxygen inside it. Deoxygenated blood. Good. Now for the body If blood comes back from different organs It won't happen under high pressure. Brothers are different What pump does the organ have? So inside it What happens? There is low pressure. this is Somehow bringing blood to the heart Are. If there is low pressure then how are their walls Will it be? What will these tubes be like? thin thin Will be. So thin and less elastic. More If it is not coming under pressure then it will be thicker. There is no need. Well, it has walls. Are present. Why Walls Present Are there? Imagine a heart in your foot. Sent blood. How does the heart pump blood? Away from the Heart. Through the arteries. Your oxygenated through arteries Blood reached the leg. Foot cell mast Enjoyed it. Suddenly oxygen came, celebrated, Respiration took place, energy was created. Carbon dioxide was formed. And he said this Carbon dioxide has to be sent. so whom Will he give it? Return tubes. Vance To. So Vance was given carbon. dioxide. Now that the veins are out of the leg When it comes out of the feet and brings blood up Son, there is no pressure. How She is bringing it slowly and somehow. Now There are chances that the blood will go back down. Maybe because of gravity. especially the feet Case of. Think with your feet what the veins are doing. Are? What does Vance bring? Returns Blood To the heart. Blood is coming back. When I am bringing it back son, I am coming. Any There is no pressure. So what could happen in this Is? There may be back flow. That's why Vance Valves are found inside. inside the arteries No valves. Because what are arteries? High pressure blood is going from the heart. Back There is no chance of coming. Come back from the leg in the veins Used to be. back then. So the valves in the veins There are. It is important. comes on board Is. Look at this. walls in when play a Crucial Role in Ensuring Blood Flows In the correct direction specifically towards The Heart Even Against Gravity Blood Against Gravity Coming up These One Way Walls Found Primarily in the veins of the legs to prevent the back Flow of the Blood. So what is Walls' job? Preventing back flow of blood. and most Where will you find more? your feet In. Ok? the veins in the legs Will meet. There is also a third type of blood vessel. Which we call capillaries. This is between you You must be seeing me. What is their work? Now Son, it seems as if your blood vessel came out from your heart. Who came out? Artery Away From the Heart Artery. What kind of blood did you take? just oxygen Taking blood. And went to sales. Now Will go to the cell. What is the artery wall like? Thick wall. Why? Thickening of high pressure arteries Wall. Now the oxygen went to the cell but. Now Oxygen does not come out of it. Will get it. The wall is so thick. So what happens? When it reaches the sales, it starts dividing into thin tubes Are. Look at this way when it's near the cell The artery reaches what did it bring? oxygen I brought it. And here, suppose there is a sale or something. Is. Suppose there is a sale or something like that here. Now Oxygen does not come out of it. Will get it. Its walls are so thick that it is high Pressure. So what do they do? to myself Divide into thin-thin thin-thin tube We do. We call these thin tubes They say capillaries. through these capillaries This is where exchange of gases takes place. Values here Look, there is a sale. This cell needs oxygen. Who brought it? I took an artery from my heart From the heart. IIII thin tube increased in the capillaries. Now this oxygen from here In which net will it jump? In the cell. Diffusion can occur because these are thin There are walls. Good. oxygen to the cell Got it. Now the cell took out the vest. Carbon dioxide. When the cell removed the waste carbon dioxide so that's this went into the capillary. Both capillary Are of. Red and blue too. But these Arteries and veins do not speak. Capillary only Let's say. So from here it gave oxygen The red capillary to the cell. oxygenated The capillary. And what did the cell return? Said? Take carbon dioxide away. Whom Will you give? That tube coming back. Vance To. So it opened these thin blue capillaries gave off carbon dioxide. And this from here Went into Vance. So think of it like this: blood Vessel from here artery I I I. then his Later it became a branch like this. And there's a sale here. It has become a complete branch. Now oxygen from here Came into this. These thin capillaries in the cell Oxygen came into the cell from carbon from the cell dioxide was released. thin from here Capillary eye which carries carbon dioxide Will go. So son, if I talk about capillary If I do, what is their function? Connects Arteries and Veins. to arteries and veins It connects. Transports Both Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Both blood will be in it. When the artery If capillary is formed then oxygenated. Vance Wally If capillary is formed then it will be deoxygenated. How Will this happen? Thick or thin. very thin thin Are there. So thin that their thickness is one is equal to the cell. How is the pressure? It is moderate in this. neither too much nor Very little. There is a lot of pressure in this. In this Moderate to very little in between. What is their thickness? Is? Very thin. One Cell Wall. That is, a cell Wall thickness very thin. Why? think think Give an answer. Why they are very thin. Because Brother, there has to be diffusion of gases. their Only when the walls are thin will this blood enter oxygen will come out from the cell and the cell carbon dioxide into the blood Will come. So they are very very thin walls Capillaries are very thin tubes Are. There are no walls present inside because back flow itself means No, the blood came and went like this. Correct? Now Let me tell you two-three important things. The first important thing is an exception. artery Where does it take the blood from? From the heart. away From the heart. artery away from the Hart A. What kind of blood? Oxygenated. But its There is one exception which is pulmonary Artery. What does she take? Deoxygenated blood. He asks this many times Exception. There is also an artery that Deoxygenated blood is carried. Vance What does she bring? Dirty from body parts Blood. Isn't it? taking that deoxygenated blood It comes. But there is an exception to this also. One A vein that carries oxygenated blood Is. Which is pulmonary vein caries Oxygenated blood. So these two exceptions You have to remember. Yes dear. So there is blood It's gone, it's a blood vessel. Now the third An important part of our circulatory system Heart of. Son, the heart is a simple organ. It is what pumps the blood. Hart's The only job is to pump blood to do. It's Tullu, heart, nothing else. Heart Does not purify the blood. Heart Blood Doesn't even make it. Only blood By pumping into different parts of the body Sends. a machine that pumps blood Is. Now the question arises why is heart needed? Are we having to? Okay, listen. accept it We have lungs. Guess what it is Lungs? And the lungs took in oxygen. Isn't it? We breathed in air containing oxygen. It was too much. Now the lungs said this oxygen I give to different parts of the body I want. I want to give this pleasure to everyone. So what did the lungs do that this oxygen I had taken it, this one which went to Alvalai in which Thin capillaries were tied, oxygen from them It went into the blood vessel. But near the lungs There isn't enough energy to push that blood By giving oxygen it can provide oxygen to all the organs. So Lungs says I will help with this. Of the heart. So what do the lungs do? These It takes oxygen and dissolves it in the blood. And Where does this oxygenated blood go through the blood? Does he send it? Hart has that Hart it Pump it all over your body. Hart is the Hulk. Hulk Smash. So Hart came to Oxygenated blood. Now Hart has Oxygenated blood pushed hard. And This is oxygenated blood. Where did the blood go? different parts of the body In each cell. different parts of the body Each cell takes oxygen from this blood. Took. I did my respiration. Our Processed and removed the waste. Carbon dioxide. Now he said Take back the carbon dioxide. So now That other one is Vessel I Vance. he said Okay, we'll go with carbon dioxide. Let's go. Where should one go? Near the lungs. Because it is the lungs that remove carbon dioxide. Will take it out. But then the same thing happens with the body. Different organs are not sent directly to the lungs Get. There is not that much pressure. So that send back the heart and the heart's Which one comes closer? carbon dioxide blood containing deoxygenated blood Waste blood has come. This is when the heart When it comes close, Hart pushes it back. Where does he send it? carbon near the lungs Blood with dioxide. Then to the lungs This blood comes and provides carbon to the lungs. dioxide is obtained. Then lungs are carbon It expels dioxide. So Pay attention to how to oxygenate the blood Lungs remove carbon dioxide We do. Our heart is our only pump Is. Okay, now listen carefully. We have our The heart was divided into two pieces. A This is how the left part is. that'll be Our right part. Look carefully. Left Part deals only and only From oxygenated blood. oxygenated blood Oxygenated blood came and went. Right Part Deals only and only deoxygenated From blood. Deoxygenated blood came Deoxygenated blood is gone. So our The heart is divided into two parts, the left And right. And this is just and only From oxygenated he is only and only were deoxygenated. After this we told Hart It was divided in this way also. So A total of four chambers were formed inside the heart. Above We call those atriums. Below We call them ventricles. Here Look at this left atrium, this left Ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle. and a dividing line between left and right There is a wall which we call septum. Their It is very important to have it in human beings. These will deal with oxygenated blood. These will deal with deoxygenated blood. Left atrium, left ventricle, right Atrium, right ventricle. Let's get back to the story Let's start. These are our lungs. Lungs What did you take from outside? oxygen Took. Sending this oxygen to all the organs Is. They will not be able to send it. what did they Did? give this oxygen to a blood vessel Gave. Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood Ke le ke le reached first left Near the atrium. Left atrium several times You must have seen that it is written like this: left Atrium. Left ventricle right atrium. Right ventricle. Good. of the left atrium This blood came near me. What kind of oxygenated blood? The heart said that I will open the valve and remove this blood. to the left ventricle. Below I will give it to you. Blood came down. very high Under pressure, the left ventricle pushed this Killed this blood. What kind of blood came out here? From? Oxygenated blood. This oxygenated We took away the body organs by taking away the blood Near. Now tell me which blood is that? vessels that carry blood away from the heart Do you take it? Artery. So what is this? One It is an artery. And this is the most important part of our body. It is the longest artery. It has a special name Also given. The name is Aa Ota. What is the name? Come Ota. Which is the largest artery? Aota. This artery can also be called the main artery. This. Aota. What are you taking with you? Oxygenated blood. of the body organs Near. Near the body cells. gave them Oxygen. They used oxygen Did. Processed differently. in return What did you take out and give? Dirt. Carbon dioxide. Now take carbon dioxide Which vessels go? Vance. So what is this Have you come? One of our vans arrived. Now Ye Wen Where should the carbon dioxide be taken? I should have gone to Lungs. Lungs She will take me out but I cannot go. So this Where did you take it? Close to our hearts. Heart in the right atrium of. Now this is Wayne It is the most main vein of our body which goes Connects directly to the heart. Wayne what it occurs? Towards the heart. So this Towards the heart and it got connected. This Did we call the van the main van? The largest vein said. The name is Vinakava Or you can also say Venakawa. Vinakava or Venakava. Took deoxygenated blood. Gave in the right atrium. Right to the ATM This deoxygenated blood was found. it said Let's throw it down. Right Ventricle In. inserted into the right ventricle. then right The ventricle pushed. And what kind of blood is this? Have you come son? Deoxygenated Carbon Blood with dioxide. This is what is going Blood containing carbon dioxide. It went back Where? Near the lungs. And the lungs came back Carbon dioxide expelled. These The entire process was completed. Did you understand? In this. Now understand some more things. A missed exception I had read that there is an artery which replaces oxygenated blood with deoxygenated blood Is. A vein that they understand in reverse. Okay, see where this vessel takes the blood. Are you going? Where is this vessel taking you? Towards the heart. Son Towards The Hart should have meant Wayne. Absolutely. So this is a Wayne. But how is this Wayne? Are you taking blood? Oxygenated blood. Wayne So what happens in me? Deoxygenated. So This is an exceptional van. We call this There are pulmonary veins. What is this? Pulmonary Wayne. And what is Wayne carrying? Carrying oxygenated blood. Just like that you Look here, this blood vessel, this one Where is the blood vessel carrying the blood? away From the heart. Son away from the heart So there is an artery. So this will be an artery. But Arteries contain oxygenated blood. It is deoxygenated in it. So this is exceptional It is an artery. Pulmonary artery. Pulmonary Meaning lungs. Understand it simply. So as soon as the lungs If it gets connected to it, it will be reversed. What is an artery? Does it? Away from the Heart is always great. Blood provides oxygenated blood to the body. And What does Vance do? Dirty blood. Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart. As soon as they are connected to the lungs The opposite happens. What will the artery carry? At that time? Away from the heart, what do you take? Will you go? Deoxygenated. when towards the What will Hart bring this time? Oxygenated. This is an exception. Ok? Now let's read more stories on this. But this You should be well versed in diagrams. one thing And it is written that the heart is a muscular It is an organ. Roughly the size of a pest. This way It is the size of our fist. clear? Okay, did you understand till here? Ahead Let's see. Now look at the actual heart It looks like this. We had made it like this. It is not possible for someone with such a chamber to Left ventricle, left atrium, Right atrium, right ventricle a little bit like this It happens. This is how the original heart looks like Heart. Well, let us understand this also once. These He also knows how to make diagrams. Importent Is. So pause it properly and practice it. do it. I will explain it too. in the lungs Son, what did you get? Let us understand the simple process. Oxygen was sent to the lungs by this. Where did you come from? Towards the Heart Eye. Towards The Heart son if anybody's coming Wayne Will happen. And this is an exceptional one. Who C? Pulmonary vein. Therefore, oxidized blood I brought it. here comes. What happened to this heart? Our? Left. I am not writing in it. This way I will write it down. What happened to this heart? Our? Left atrium. It contains oxygenated Blood came. From here the blood went down. In which? Left ventricle. Then the heart pumps this blood pushed off. pushed off. pushed off. pushed off. Where did this blood go? Body In. Which blood is it? Oxygenated blood. Which artery is this? The most main artery. Where did Aota take you? This is near the body. Body Went to oxygenated blood. Now from the body Which blood will come back? deoxygenated Blue blood. So he came back. came two It comes from the side. Now in this diagram, Couldn't see. Two in the real diagram It comes in a way. One comes from the vena cava Upper body. What is Vinakava, son? a wen Is. What is the vena cava? It's Wayne. Body Which blood does it bring from? Carbon Dioxide one. vena cava from upper Body and vena cava from lower body. Which blood came from both sides? Carbon Blood with dioxide came. Where did you reach Son? Now it reached the right side. Above Comes first. Right atrium. he pushed Where to the blood? Right ventricle. then right The ventricle pumps and pushes blood Where do I have to deliver it after giving it? Back Near the lungs. carbon dioxide There is blood, where will it go? Near the lungs. So Back Pushed back. This carbon dioxide Where did the blood go? Towards the lungs. These Where are you going? Going away. If it is away then Artery but carrying deoxygenated blood Has been. Exceptional pulmonary artery. So This pulmonary artery took it back. So this This is the whole story. Now look at this one you The dividing wall between us is visible Left side and right side are visible. between Red colored dividing wall. this is to It is called septum. This connects both parts It separates. Now this becomes the question. Why four chambers in the heart? Hart's Why are there four chambers inside brother? what is the need Does it have four chambers? It could also have been the case that Blood came, it was thrown and the blood went away. Because son, we are mixing oxygenated And don't want deoxygenated blood. Why Don't want? Because we are human beings, who are terrestrial organisms that We live on the land, we are warm blooded. Warm blooded means we should take care of our body The temperature has to be maintained by yourself. If you throw me in a cold room, I will start squirming Keep warming your body by yourself Are. This is how our body adopts it. Temperature maintenance and it takes a lot for this More energy. means a lot of energy Needed Meaning respiration is very good Needed That's why we need pure oxygen. it occurs. That's why we are mixing both. Can't tolerate it. This makes our body The efficiency increases. which oxygen The body gets absolutely pure oxygen It is available because these two do not mix. doing. If pure oxygen is available then cells Good energy will be generated inside. Excellent There will be activity. That's Why We Have Four Chambers in Heart. Warm-blooded creature. Read this carefully. Such as Human Requires a consistent high level of oxygen To maintain body temperature. what do we Needed? Constantly high levels of oxygen are needed To maintain body temperature and energy Requirements. a four chamber hard Enables that by preventing oxygen rich And oxygen poor blood from mixing. Oxygen rich here, oxygen poor here Do not mix. since oxygenated blood Doesn't mix with deoxygenated blood. Because it did not mix. every cell in the Body Receives the Richest Possible Supply of Oxygen Helping Us Think, Move, Digest End Function Better. Fresh oxygen for everyone I am getting it. No mixing at all doing. So we do all the activities well Could have performed. This is the difference between Atrium and ventricle. which atrium Are there? The ones above. Which ventricles? There are those below. Upper Chambers of the Heart, lower chambers of the heart. Atrium What is the wall like? Thin. Look from here What does the atrium wall look like? Thin. How is the atrium wall? Thin. and ventricle Look how the wall looks? Thick. the walls of the ventricle that are lower The walls of the chambers, the ventricles, are thick. So Atrium walls thin. and of the ventricle Walls are thick and muscular. Why so? Son, if you look carefully, your heart will beat every time. Blood is pumped from the ventricle only. Here Blood from the lungs goes into the ventricle. Then it pumped. This means there will be high pressure Here. So the walls are thick so they don't burst. Jaye Heart. Look here at the blood from Vinakava. Deoxygenated blood came. Right Atrium In. Then it went into the ventricle. Then Pumped up from the ventricle. In which? into the pulmonary artery and went to the lungs In. So pumping is happening here also. So High pressure here too. So the ventricles Son, blood is pumped at high pressure. That is why their walls are thick. Ok? What is in the ventricle? There is high pressure. What is in the atrium? There is low pressure. What does the atrium do? Receive blood from Vance. What does the atrium do? to the blood He receives it. What does the ventricle do? Pump blood to arteries. Look from the ventricle Blood comes out every time. A. ventricle Came out from. Ventricle here too. So The ventricle is always connected to an artery. Is. The atrium is always connected to a vein. Is it or not? This is also a vein, the pulmonary vein. And this is also a vein coming from our body. Wali Vina Kawa. Ok? Let's move on Are. Now listen carefully. which is in our body This process is called double Circulation. Why double circulation? Because Blood in our heart Blood in our heart I enter twice. comes out twice Is. Once it came from the lungs, it went out of the body. In. Then once again it came from the body to the heart. Then it came out of the heart and back into the lungs. i.e Entered once and entered twice. One It came out twice. That's why we call it There is double circulation. Blood Flows Twice through the heart before completing a full Circuit. Having a complete circuit What does he do first? Twice Flow from the Heart. Entered once. from the lung into the left atrium Came out. Went into the body. then from the body rammed. In the right atrium. then right exited the ventricle. So twice the blood Goes inside the heart of the body. twice Outside. So we have double circulation blood flow. Twice. Well, there are many such organisms. In which there is single circulation. blood Passes only once. Here it is Heart. Blood came from here once and here I left once. Nothing happens. i.e Oxygenated and deoxygenated inside them The blood is mixed brother. Oxygenated from above Blood came. deoxygenated and straight away The blood then returned deoxygenated. then this Came straight back. So this is called single. Circulation. Ok? Now tell us inside Why does double circulation occur? question come Go. Why double circulation? So it's the same thing that oxygenated blood deoxygenated blood We have to keep them separate. So double circulation occurs because we warm Blooded because we have to maintain temperature We have to do it because we need energy. So Son, there are some organisms like They have fish and so on, reptiles and so on. No full double circulation inside Would. His heart doesn't have four chambers. Would have been. So now we have to read that their How many chambers are there in the heart? So if Should we talk about birds or mammals? are also mammals. Cow, goat, buffalo, dog All mammals. Our heart has four chambers It happens. There is complete double circulation. How are we? Warm-blooded. Let us talk of amphibians, reptiles, so their hearts It has three chambers. how do you function Are? I don't know, it's not even in our syllabus. Is. Partial double circulation inside them How about a little bit of double circulation? Coal It is bladed. what happened to our fishes Our? Fishes became aquatic. their hearts There are only two chambers. Only two chambers In the heart. There are only two chambers. in one Came and left from one. What happens in this? Single circulation. How are you? Cold Bladed. So remember that fishes and so on All the aquatic animals, reptiles, etc. There is good double circulation inside them. It doesn't happen. Double in Birds and Mammals Circulation occurs. And why does this happen? I also understood it. Okay, now look at the question. CBSE came to us in the board 2025, 2023, 2022, 2020 or so Similar question is coming up. Which of the following Statement is true about the human Heart? Which thing is true? Right Atrium Receives oxygenated blood? make good Will have to. So let's make this. very easy Is. I made it. into four parts Divided it. Left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right Ventricle. Let us now read and understand Are. Right atrium receives oxygenated blood From lungs. saying, right atrium Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. Wrong. The right side deals with deoxygenation Is. Left Atrium Transferors oxygenated blood to the left ventricle, which sends it to various parts of the Body. Left Atrium Transfer Oxygenated blood to the left ventricle, which transfers it to different parts of the Body. That's absolutely right brother. B is absolutely correct I feel like it. Is it or not? Left atrium transfers oxygenated blood to left Ventricle which sends it to. Ok? Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood through Vinakava from the upper and lower Body. What does the right atrium get? Where do you get deoxygenated blood? From Vinakawa. Which was the main van. That's perfect. This is also correct. C also looks correct to me. D. Left Atrium Transfers Oxygenated Blood to come. Left Atrium Transfer Oxygenated blood too no brother. this is The left ventricle does it, right? Then B and C Got it right. This option is correct. Correct? Let's move on. Next 2024, 2022, 2020, 2019 These are similar questions. First Region The muscular walls of the ventricles are Thicker than those of the atria. which is below The walls are thick from the top. Why? Because blood is pumped from below. Below There is high pressure. The Walls of ventricles are thicker than the walls of the Atria. because ventricles have to pump Blood with greater pressure. arteries have thick End Elastic Wall. Arterial walls thicken it occurs. The veins would have thinned. Why? Because where do arteries take blood? Where do arteries carry blood? away From the heart. That means from the heart. So Heart How will blood come from it? Under high pressure. so They are thick. arteries carry blood from Heart at high pressure. so they have thick and Elastic walls. circulation of blood in Aquatic Vertebrates Differ From That in Testicular vertebrates. Aquatic What is in a vertebrate? Double Circulation It doesn't happen. Single circulation or partial Double circulation. Why? because he is cold There are blades. them of the body Temperature does not have to be maintained. so the same thing It is written. So you can read this. Ok? Now There is another system, the small lymphatic system. What is it made of? From lymph. what is lymph Does it happen son? Which is like the thin layer of our blood There are no capillaries. Sometimes blood comes out of it Some components of the get leaked. Outside They fall down. What things are leaking? She goes? Take care. One of our plasma Slip out. Some proteins are removed and some blood cells which are majorly Wide blood cells come out. This Lymphocytes are also called. So in this Lymphocytes leak too much. That is why it was named lymph. So this The things that got leaked, whatever got leaked and fell We call it lymph. Most of it There is more plasma. some proteins and some blood cells. There are white blood cells. lymphocytes so It was named lymph. Pay attention to red blood There are no sales in this. That is why the lymph It happens to be colorless. Of red colour Does not happen. Ok? It is a colorless fluid Is. Contains less protein than blood. So this It has two differences from blood. This is its There are two differences due to blood. One, how is this Is? It is colorless. Second less protein than There is blood. now lymph is a part of Lymphatic system. Look at this green thing that looks green What is this, what is this? There is the lymphatic system. What is this? There are lymph vessels. lymph Flows into lymphatic capillaries. thin-thin capillaries in which joint to form large Lymph vessels. But this is neither lymph nor heart Does not connect to the wart. What happens? Finally she goes and meets Vance. Deez The vessels finally merge into larger veins. So It does not connect to the heart. This is also its The difference is from the blood or the blood vessels. That it does not connect to the heart. These veins I go and meet you. their functions What is there? One is digested and Transport of unabsorbed fat from the intestine. Draining the Second Access Fluid Back Inu di blood. and the third leaf container lymphocytes (WBCs) that help Defend the body against infection. So three Remember the function. Digested and Absorbed transporting fat to the intestine, access Draining fluid and retaining lymphocytes That means fighting infection. So look The question is 2024, 2022 or similar Question: What is lymph? What is Flin? Please tell me the lead component of blood. and how Does it differ from blood? So I made the difference I also told you. Next is mine Transportation in Plants. Now Plants No, very fast transportation There is no need. Plants to Slow Transportation is needed. Why so? Brother, understand one thing. Moving the Plants So it is not there. We don't have to move around Kind of like animals. So a slow one for them There is a transport system. Per Long It happens. It is slow but long. Because The plants are very large. trees a lot Grow up. So a long transport The system exists but is slow. slow Why does it happen? The first thing is to move them I will not do it. Another point is that Many parts of the plants become dead. Are. So there's a need to deliver something there. No. Slow transportation system. First Plants do not move. Slow Transportation Why have a transportation system? first thing Plants do not move. the second have a Large proportion of dead cells in many Tissues. Many of their sales are They are dead. So when they have low energy Needs and Use Slow Transport System But Transport distance can be very large. Now beta transport inside plants System in two different types of tubes It is divided. The first tube or vessel is is xylem. what does xylem transport Is? Water. Basically water and minerals too Does. Who takes the water and minerals? Xylem. and food, etc., amino acids, etc. Who takes the food most specially? Flume carries water, xylem carries food Phloem takes it away. ok now listen Where does the water come from? Water off The course comes from the root. So look here it is Xylem. Water came from the root. A. One second. Yes. Here's Xylem. Water came from the root. been here To the leaves. The water went up. So this is what This is xylem in the same direction. Transporting is always upward. Route Water came from and water le leaves per different Went to part of the plant. unidirectional There is flow. Xylem carries only water and minerals etc. get dissolved in water Happened. But if I talk about phloem, son. So what is the phloem carrying? take food going. Where is the food prepared? Leaf and so on In. So what happened here? The food was prepared. This food came out of leave. Now this is on both sides Have to go. It will go up and down the tree. Will also eat. Where did you come from down there? Below Went to Roots and so on. Isn't it? Roots This is also very important brother. upbringing to do. So this flow of food is called phloem. In this it is bi directional. up on both sides Also down below. But the flow of water is xylem. In that it is unidirectional. So this is what I wrote what is transported inside the xylem It happens? Water and Minerals. in the phloem Is there transport? Food, amino Acid and Other Substances. of xylem How is the transport? unidirectional Upward from roof to aerial parts. How is phloem transported? Bidirectional. Brother, the food you cook is You have to go both ways. so both upward and Downward. So phloem on both sides. These The difference is very important. May come. The third thing that transports is the xylem. The transport of water is physical It happens through the process. Physical process means We do not need any energy from outside. It happens due to physical forces. two physical We will study force now. One will be the root pressure, One would be transpiration. leave it for now Two. Just understand it simply. Physical Forces. This No external energy is required. Water No external energy is needed to carry it. There is no need. But the phloem There is transport, that is, the food There is transport, it requires energy. In what form does energy exist? of ATP In form. So, this is active transport. Requires energy in the form of ATP. And If I talk about it, how is it? Will there be transport? Write it here Are. What kind of transport is this? passive There is transport. If passive transport is There is no need for energy here. take water Energy is not needed to go. What did I do? Told two tissues If the difference is asked in the exam. of a xylem Xylem Vessels and Trackyards. of phloem One sieve tubes and one companion cells for. So remember these two if you have to write. What does the xylem basically carry? Water. What does phloem carry? Eat Xylem water Where will you take it from? Always above the root Unidirectional on the side. Where does phloem food come from? Will you take it? Bi-directional from leaf to all sides. Energy requirement within the xylem Not there. There are two physical forces. Ahead We are going to study. Root pressure and Transpiration. Phloem needs energy It is required for food transport. So this Active transport and passive transport. Come, let's study those physical forces. Through which water is transported. By which Xylem transport takes place. So Transport of water through xylem. Two There are forces. One is root pressure, one is transpiration. So first root pressure. What is root pressure brother? The route is what Are buried in the soil. What is root? Soil I am buried like this. This is our soil Is. Take hold of it. what happens now? In Soils There are many minerals. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and so on. These minerals go away. In Roots. Ok? These are our roots. What went into Roots? The minerals are gone. Nitrogen, phosphorus etc. So what? Minerals i.e. salts in the roots The concentration increased. and salts in the soil The concentration of decreased. Just this Apply the osmosis theory. into what Is? It contains more salts. Salts If there is too much water here, what will happen? It will definitely be less. And there are less salts here. There is more water. So water from here Through osmosis went into what? Route In. Exactly NCERT not Osmosis I would write. Writes root pressure. then you would read Are. Roots take up ions from soil which creates difference in the concentration of these Ions. Ions means ions means salt. Salts Took ions of. Water from Soil Moves Into the Roots. Why brother? because here If there is more salt then there is less water. Soil The salts inside decreased. Too much water. Salt had gone up. Ok? there is a Constant movement of water into roots Xylem and water is steadily pushed upward. So This is root pressure. Who was it due to Is? difference in concentration of salt or Difference in concentration of ions. Anything You can speak. The second is transpiration. Transpiration is very simple, son. Tree The upper parts, the aerial parts The upper parts are constantly filled with water. I am loosening it. Why? Evaporation. feel the sun Has been. the aerial parts of the plant Keep losing water due to evaporation. Now Imagine water constantly flowing out. But every The part definitely needs water. So the water A deficiency was created. deficiency If it was created then a bridge was created that The water level fell below two feet. This bridge we It is called transpiration bridge. would have read Are. Transpiration. The Loss of Water in the form of vapor from the aerial parts of The plant is called transpiration. What is transpiration? Aerial of the plant Loss of water from the part above the part Used to be. Why is this happening? Loss of water How is it going? In the form of water vapor. Evaporation is taking place. Isn't it? from the Other parts of the plant are called Transpiration. Now the role of transpiration What is? It was created because of Transpirational pull. absorption end Upward movement of water and minerals from Roots to Leaves. Why did this happen brother? Above If the water level decreases, what gets created? One Transpirational bridge was created. Brother The water level has reduced here. So it absorbed Water from below. water from root pressure He came and took him further up. absorption and upward movement of water and minerals From Roots to Leaves. Absorb from below I said, brother, please water the leaves. Leaves to Salts two brothers. Because we are constantly on top of Are making losses. Transpiration as such What is? Transpiration is loss of water from aerial aerial parts of the plant In the form of water vapor. Now water is lost When I went there was a shortage of water. So a bridge Transpiration pull generated. and his Because of this the water was drawn. another job It is about transpiration. One is because of the bridge. Drawn water. Where? Up in Leaves and so on. What is the second job? Son, when You must have read that evaporation occurs Evaporation causes cooling. So this temperature It also regulates. The tree feels very hot She is in the sun. If we feel hot, we Makes you sweat. If the tree feels hot He lost water. So what about that Went? Cooling is done. temperature regulation Cooling due to evaporation. Correct? One more thing understand that during the day time during the day time The most common water transport That happens due to transpiration. Route Pressure is also working, transpiration Too. But more due to transpiration It happens. Transpiration will occur at night What? No. There will be water loss at night. No. There will be no sunshine. So only at night Root pressure works. Daytime Major Force is transpiration pull. Off Course Day There is also root pressure in time. Major Force on What is? Transpiration. at night time Transpiration does not occur at all. So Knight There would be only root pressure at the time. Is. So two things: root pressure and Transpiration is understood. Aerial Part If water is to be delivered to me Transpiration will be required. because the root is Water from the bottom through the soil to a little higher up Brought it. When water was lost from above, a The vacuum created a gap. transpiration bridge Where did the water reach? From Roots Two leaves. Good. So this water What do we have to do to carry it here and there? spoke? Transpiration said or route Pressure through the xylem. the movement of food We speak of translocation. Transport of Food is called translocation. who does This? Phloem does. Ok? and meditation Dena that the movement of food is the most down It is important towards. Towards the roots. And Where is it important? For fruits It is important. Why? because the fruit He is the child of the plant. children newborn babies One needs to eat more. The Transfer of food from leaves to other parts of the plant is called translocation. Food Where will it go from? being made in leave Photosynthesis. to transfer of food from leaves to other part of the plant is called Translocation. Phloem Translocates the Food Made in the leaves. These substances are Specially delivered into the storage organs of the roots, fruits, seeds and to Growing organs. Most routes Needed Fruits are needed, feeds are needed, To children and growing organs. Correct? Look at the good question. 204, 2022, 2020, 2018 Similar questions are coming. The Process in which transport of soluble Products. What did you say? Soluble We are talking about products i.e. food. Food of Photosynthesis. Soluble Products Of photosynthesis means food. Tex Place In plant is known as transpiration. Son. This is what water does. Evaporation. This too Transpiration. Translocation not conduction To eat. Ok? Next son, watch this one Diagram is given. What have you asked? Observe The following diagram identifies the process. And its significance from the following Option. Now tell me what process is going on. Is? Loss of water vapor from the aerial part Used to be. Loss of water vapor from the aerial part That means transpiration. So transpiration Creates a suction force which pulls water Inside the Plant. Transpiration occurred. One Suction force is created and water is pulled upwards. Took. Correct? This question has also come up many times. Good. The last process we have is Excretion means removing dirt. But don't connect this to number two. Please do it. That is called ization. NCERT I don't talk about it. Just let me tell you that That egestion and excretion are different. We have to study the excretory system in Human Beings. Here we will talk about the most Eliminate waste containing excess nitrogen To remove. Urea and uric acid We will talk about waste which will take us out Have to take it out. So our human being The excretory system is the removal of harmful Metabolic wastes mainly urea and uric acid Acid from the body is called excretion. Ok? However, its definition is not known. The Excretory System of Human Beings Include. in our excretory system What all happens? Look carefully brother. Our excretory system consists of two kidneys. Are there. The main function of the kidney is visible It is shaped like Rajam. This is our kidney. Kidney What is the main function of the kidney? to the blood To filter. Removal of urea from the blood. Removal of uric acid. through her penis Sell it. Filtration takes place here. Good. Then after that you will see that you will see A ureter. Here are two thin tubes. These These two thin tubes. These are the ureters. What do the ureters do? from the kidney from the kidney Taking away the urine means taking away the waste Where do you collect? This is a bag in Is. This is called urinary bladder. Urinary bladder. Go here and collect the urine. It happens. When the sufficient is exhausted Then we control ourselves through our nervous system. With muscular control, I will [ __ ] her with this pipe. This is called urethra. What do you say? Urethra. We take it out through the urethra. Let's take it out. And this bag is for What did I say? Urinary bladder. So this All components are our excretory of the system. Look, they are written. the first of all What is the thing? It is the kidney. kidney nitrogenase Waste such as urea and uric acid Filtered from blood through kidneys. So What is the main function of the kidney, son? to the blood Keep filtering. Removing waste. Urea Removal of uric acid. Then we have pair There are off ureters. These thin tubes Yes, ureters. What do they do? from the kidneys Where do you take the urine and put it? In the urinary bladder. What do you do? Connects the kidney with the urinary bladder. Then we have the urinary bladder. What is this Does it store? Stores urine. Urine is stuck in the urinary bladder until It is passed out. until you say remove Hey, my bladder is full. Hey brother here I don't feel any pressure building up. what is that Is? Urinary bladder is full of urine At once. So what is this? He is muscular. Under There is nervous control. of your nervous system It is under control. Brother, it's not like that I am peeing while standing. Isn't it? Many Sometimes such a disease occurs. Then What is? Urethra transport in the last Urine out of the body. a thin bit The tube is the urethra through which urine then passes. Urine comes out outside. State the Function of each of the following in the human Aspiratory system. Look, it's been many times The question is. Similar question is coming up many times Is. Function of kidney: Filtering the blood. Urea uric acid removal ureter. kidney to the urinary bladder or Urinary system that carries urine from the kidneys Up to the bladder. What do they bring? urine Kidneys carry urine to the From the urinary bladder. What is urinary bladder Does it? stores the urine until it is Passed out. It Is Muscular and Under Nerves Control. Remember this word. muscular under Nervous control. Good. Now let us understand How the kidneys filter the blood. So Son, give me the kidney you saw here. You saw the kidneys we have. These two Kidneys, you saw this. Now we are taking care of this kidney. They are about to enter inside. When these kidneys When we went inside we saw these small things. Millions of small little tiny little tiny The unit is made up of . those we call Nephrons. Now you understand the kidneys. The kidney is a large filter. The sieve is the sieve It is blood. So the kidney is a very large There is a sieve which is made of small sieves. It is made of. those little tiny The name of the filters is nephrons. So What are nephrons? The Structural End Functional unit of kidney. most of the kidney Basic functional and structural unit. each The kidney has millions of nephrons. Very All are nephrons. Beta nephrons It is visible. The yellow color that you see No, this is a nephron. It looks like a round here It happens. Then it would have a tubular part Is. One such cup shape part of it is Will be visible. One you get its tube part Will be visible. The yellow one that you see, this one You can see the yellow one, that is Nephron. The yellow you see is There is a nephron. You will see a It's like a cup and is part of a whole tube. Is. So what is a nephron, son? the smallest The unit is our kidney. Good. Now what What happened was that blood came from our body. Blood came It came near the kidney. said filter us Two. So where did the blood come from? From the body. Heart Blood came from everywhere. i.e. arterial blood I brought it. Now the artery which takes blood to the kidney The one that comes near the heart is called the renal artery. Look here, it is made, this is made Is. Look at this, this is what she is bringing. Which artery is it? Ranal artery. Rinal son It is used for kidney. then renal artery What are you doing? There is oxygenated blood. It is oxygenated but it has urea inside it, Uric acid is nitrogenous food. The kidneys also exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide She doesn't play that game. That is about the lungs. What does she do? Nitrogenous Waste It removes urea, uric acid etc. So This renal artery carries oxygenated blood. But impure blood that has waste inside, There is impurity. Brought it near the kidney. Now Renal artery when the renal artery near the kidney The artery on the kidney when it is near the kidney When she comes, she comes thin, thin, thin Divides into capillaries. accept it We are inside the kidney at this time, so from there renal artery penetrated and thin thin thin Divided into capillaries. We call this Are branches of renal arteries. here you Look, this is the branch of the kidney. Artery. You can also call it capillary. So thin capillaries appeared. and one by one, one by one Where did each thin capillaries go? In each nephron. here at this time There are millions of nephrons. We are the kidney Are inside. A renal artery came from outside which She has brought the waste. those thin tubes I got divided. that is, thin In the capillaries. And where did each capillary go? Went? One near each nephron. So look at this one The capillary came running. And it went away Inside the nephron. These are the circular sections of the nephron. In the cup part. Now this The capillaries that came here, after coming here, are like this bunches bunches bunches bunches Bunches, bunches, bunches, made whole This bunch, bunch, bunch, bunch, complete Don't make it, we call it glomerulus word Remember what it means to say glomerulus. It became a bunch of bunches and came from there. Many thin capillaries went into one capillary going inside a nephron inside a nephron bunch bunch bunch bunch bunch bunch inside Made a bunch and this is the whole bunch that was made What is a capillary of a renal artery? branch of renal artery which carries blood I had brought it. This bunch that forms is called There are glomeruli. The glomerulus you see is a cup of nephrons. Placed in Shaped. in a cup shape You can, it is covered. We call this cup Bomus capsules. What do you say? Bomas Capsules. So what is a glomerulus? cluster of blood vessels. what is the matter? cluster of Blood vessel. many blood vessels There is a cluster. And if you look at that And if you look what is Bomas capsule? cup shaped structure in each nephron that surrounds Glomerulus and collects the filtrate. Now There is this cup-shaped structure that is present in every Nephron has it. And what's inside it? There is a glomerulus. It covers that. And here What does the pe glomerulus do? Removes dirt. So all this rubbish In which did you get connected? in Bomus capsules The dirt has collected. This is what is written. End Collects the filtrate. Filtrate means It collected the dirt. Now this which He connected the filth and sent it to his In the tube. Look, it has two sections. of the nephron. One with a cup, one with a tube. So It sent it into the conducting tube. Ok? This process that happened is called There is glomerular filtration. These glomerular Filtration. What happened in this brother? Nitrogenous wastes such as urea, uric Acid, glucose, water, amino acids, Excessive salt. All this gets filtered through the blood. Went. What all came out from here? Urea, uric acid. Access water remains blood In. Brother, we pee, there is water in it too. It happens. So a lot of water came out. Contains salts. Lots of salt Came. If there is some glucose then glucose came out. Amino acids are amino acids. Everything worn off. of glomerular filtration In process. What is a glomerulus? Very All the thin, thin, thin branches of renal What about the arteries? There is a bunch. a whole There is a cluster. Ok? Filtrate from here It came out. This is called glomerular Filtration. Good. Now all this is gone. These Now everything is coming out and going to become urine. In this There is also access water. All flow with water I did it. What is there? Look at the glucose in it. is, water is, excess salt is, nitrogen There is space. It all went down the tube. Now As soon as it goes into the tube, this The branch of renal artery came here It came from here and came out suddenly I realized, friend, did I give too much? Hey friend, the salt is gone and the water is gone too. Glucose is gone too, oh man, this is a loot. Bomas capsules took us all back If you want then now follow this renal artery Started doing this to the tube Telling the nephron to give it back to us We made a mistake and we want to return all our items. Give us back all the stuff, give us back the stuff Look at Sara, we have completely surrounded him, we made a mistake It's done, give it back, give it back, he says okay. Okay brother, take this tube of it. What do these parts do and say? Need glucose, take back good water too I gave you too much, take it back, good salt. You should take back urea, not uric acid. They will give us this, we have to throw him out, he said. Who does selective reabsorption? What does this branch of the renal artery do? She keeps hovering around the tube and says We lost a few more things there. Give us back the water, give us back the glucose Give us back the salt, come on, we would have given it to you. Are. This is called selective Reabsorption. Useful substances like glucose, amino acids, salts and a major Amount of water from the filtrate reabsorbed back by capillaries surrounding the New. The thin capillaries have Some things were reabsorbed back. Now Reabsorption is all done. Once the nephron asked back little ones whether you were satisfied yes. Now let's go pee, take it all out Give. He said yes brother it is done. So Glomerular filtration occurred first. Here But everything came out. Glucose, water, Salt, urea, amino acids all went out. Then he felt that he had gone overboard, so he circle. He says return it, return it. What Happened? Selective reabsorption. withdrawn Glucose, Access Water, Salt, Amino Acids Back. Urea, uric acid not touched. Now this Tube said we'll take out the rest of the things. We give. Now its collecting duct said That whatever waste is left, we should throw it out. Two. So what all came out? Urea Uric acid, some water and some salt will also come out. Some amino acids will also be left over. Tubular secretion last part gone Urea Extra Water and Salts R secreted inu tubule which open up into the collecting duct and then into Where did the ureter go from here? In the ureter We went away and the ureter is the kidney, right? This is our kidney. If it is inside then get it out of the kidney now. Collecting tube connected to the ureter And where will our urine go now? If it is okay in the bladder then there are three steps, you remember them. Three stages of nephron inside the kidney Is. The first is glomerular filtration, in which all Something slipped out. Second selective Reabsorption, glucose, water, amino acids back and third tubular secretion from which Finally, we pass the urine out. From the ureter. It asks for three steps. Correct Is? Let's move on. One more thing comes up. The amount of water reabsorbed depends on. Now these capillaries that were on its sides like this She was roaming around like this, what could she do? Are? It would reabsorb back. Bomas here He lost everything by coming into the capsule. in the glomerulus. Then he said more If it becomes loose, it keeps hovering around. So how much water will it reabsorb back? This depends on two things. on the board He even asks. First amount of water Present in body. How much water is in the body Is? If it is too much then do not absorb it. know Two. If it is less then absorb it. how much the second Salt leaking out? Brother, salt is like this It will not come out. He needs water with him will be. So if more salt is coming out then More water will go. Less salt is being released So less water will go. then water accordingly It will be reabsorbed. So amount of access water In body amount of dissolved waste to be excreted. dissolve waste means dissolved Salts that are coming out. Get out like this not can. I need water. So if more If there are salts, we will take more water. Reabsorption will be less. Ok? Next See. CBSE 204, 22, 20, 18 similar Such questions have come many times. how is Urine is produced in the human body? Explain the Basic Process of Urine Formation? So I will tell you those three steps. Are. Glomerular Filtration, Selective Reabsorption, tubular secretion. Ok? Our last son is another good one in 2025, 2020, 2022 similar question. Right? Forest Specific function of each of the following. First the renal artery. What is renal artery? Does she do it son? Brings oxygenated blood With waste to kidney for filtration. Rinal Where did you bring the artery? Near the kidneys. Urethra. What does the urethra do? Helps In urine removal from the body. Urethra The very last part. Ok? What does the glomerulus do, son? Your urea becomes uric acid and nitrogenous waste. acid filtrates your glucose Provides nitrogenous waste glucose water Amino Acid Excess Salts from the Blood are filtered with the help of its tubular What part of the nephron is it? There is a tubular part, each one of it is like this one. The part is where the Bomas capsule is Has a glomerulus and a tubular part What is its role? Its role is selective. Helping in resorption and tubular Secretion helps in two things selective reabsorption of glucose and a Major amount of water back to capillaries. Along with this, son, it is also present in tubular secretion. Will help. Ok? Our son is the last An artificial kidney. What happens many times Is? Kidneys do not function properly, poor If it happens then an artificial kidney is installed. One thing to remember about artificial kidney Selective reabsorption does not occur. So no Reabsorption involved an artificial Kidney Removes Nitrogenous Waste Products from the blood through dialysis. One more thing it asks is that the dialysis There is fluid, dialyzing fluid. Sir One thing and asks which dialyzing fluid It has the same osmotic pressure Is as blood without nitrogen is faced. So This is the most asked question in it. Last is our Excretion in Plants. So how do plants excrete? These You have read this chapter many times. just Think carefully. Plants Have Stomata It happens. So by opening and closing it What can be done? oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange can take place. Water You can also exchange it with him. So the most First oxygen and carbon dioxide by Diffusion through stomata. Second If we consider a cheese plant, then extracting water If you want to remove excess water, then how can you remove it? Will you give? Transpiration. So transpiration Son also does excavation work. Memory Also keep the work of transpiration and excretion We do. Access water transpiration through the aerial part through the aerial part Went. shedding of old leaves It became leaves and we shook it off. These What is it too? There is excretion. Plants also secret some waste substance into the Say around them. Some waste substances In the soil. So the first thing is gases. How does the plant exchange? Stomata From. How does one extract water? transpiration From. And shakes off the leaves. And If some salts etc. are to be removed then What does it do? Puts it in the soil. Here But son, this chapter of yours is over. If you understand the chapter correctly then Write down that you enjoyed it a lot. studies Keep doing it.