so what we're going to learn now is how to distinguish the different vertebrae from each other so what we're looking at here is a cervical vertebrae and cervical vertebraes are distinguished by having these holes here on the sides in their transverse processes so those poles are called the transverse foramens and these are the only vertebrae that have those also what we're going to see with the cervical vertebrae these are neck vertebrae is they are going to have the spinous process that runs fairly parallel they are going to be fairly smaller than the other here now let's take a look at a couple of particular cervical vertebrae that we want you to know the first here is the atlas so this right here is the atlas this is what sits and holds actually our head up so these parts here attach to the occipital condyle and you can see that they do like all of the cervical vertebrae have transverse framing the next here is the axis so this is the axis once again it has transverse frame and so the axis the atlas sits atop the axis and spins like so and this is how we turn our head but also what we're seeing here is on the axis this structure right here in this structure is called the dense the axis is the only vertebrae that has that structure like that so that is called the dense these are two specific cervical vertebrae that we want you to know this is a typical circumference we can separate that from this guy right here this is a thoracic vertebrae this is a thoracic vertebrae so on the thoracic vertebrae we're going to see little indentions here and you see a little indention there and those are called costal dummy facets those are through the head of a rib to attach to those are costal demi facets so this is a thoracic vertebrae and what we see with thoracic is that typically your spine is processed goes in a downward you can see your thoracic are kind of the middle of our back compare that to the cervical when we go here the last group of vertebrae are the lumbar vertebrae so lumbar vertebrae have a very large body here these are the vertebrae that make up our lower back a very stout spinous process here as well and so these guys kind of remind me of certain animals here uh this is a cervical vertebrae once again it kind of reminds me of a dachshund [Music] but they kind of remind me they kind of look like a giraffe increase lastly those lumbar vertebrae this is what it looks like on the sides here there's a frontal view here and they kind of remind me of the look of a moose okay so and that's one of the ways that i helped me distinguish these guys