Overview
This lecture explores the philosophical problem of personal identity: what makes a person the same over time, focusing on the Body Theory and Memory Theory.
The Problem of Personal Identity
- Personal identity questions whether a person remains the same "self" throughout life despite physical and psychological changes.
- Popular culture, like Doctor Who, illustrates how identity is challenged by changing bodies and personalities.
Body Theory of Personal Identity
- Body Theory claims you are the same person as long as you have the same physical body.
- The body's physical matter changes constantly through processes like cell replacement, questioning if physical continuity is enough for identity.
- Thought experiments highlight issues: how much physical change can occur before you're a new person?
Memory Theory of Personal Identity
- John Locke's Memory Theory states identity persists through connected memories and consciousness rather than bodily continuity.
- Memories link different stages of your life, creating a chain of personal identity.
- Problems arise: people do not remember being born, and dementia can break memory continuity.
- False or inaccurate memories further complicate if they count toward personal identity.
Importance of Personal Identity
- Personal identity underpins social obligations, moral responsibility, and expectations (e.g., promises, paychecks).
- If identity does not persist, moral and social commitments lose their foundation.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Personal Identity — The philosophical problem of what makes someone the same person over time.
- Body Theory — The view that you remain the same as long as you have the same physical body.
- Memory Theory — Locke’s idea that identity persists through a connected chain of memories.
- Consciousness — Awareness of oneself, often linked to memory and identity.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Consider which theory of personal identity (body or memory) you find more convincing and why.
- Prepare for the next lecture on whether a persistent personal identity is necessary.