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American High School System Overview

Jun 26, 2025

Overview

This lecture provides an overview of the American high school system, key terminology, class structure, and common experiences, with a focus on language study and academic expectations.

Structure of American High School

  • High school in the U.S. covers 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades.
  • Students attend elementary and middle school before entering high school.
  • Each year of high school has a specific label: freshman (9th), sophomore (10th), junior (11th), and senior (12th).

School Year and Schedules

  • The school year is divided into two semesters: first semester (end of summer to winter), second semester (new year to end of spring).
  • Traditional schools have a long summer vacation, but some schools use a year-round schedule with shorter summers and longer breaks during the year.

Classes and Coursework

  • Most students take around six different classes each semester.
  • Classes are usually similar for most students, but some take advanced level classes called AP classes.
  • AP (Advanced Placement) classes are more difficult than regular classes.

Teachers and Education Quality

  • Public school teacher quality varies; some are good, many are average or bad.
  • Private schools usually have better teacher quality.

Language Study in High School

  • Students can choose which foreign language to study; Spanish is the most popular.
  • French is the second most chosen language, followed by Italian.
  • Spanish is considered the most useful foreign language for Americans.

Academic Importance and College Entry

  • High school performance is important for college admission.
  • Good grades and high SAT exam scores are needed for acceptance into good colleges.
  • The SAT can be taken multiple times to improve scores.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Freshman — A student in 9th grade.
  • Sophomore — A student in 10th grade.
  • Junior — A student in 11th grade.
  • Senior — A student in 12th grade.
  • AP Classes — Advanced Placement classes that are more difficult and can earn college credit.
  • SAT — Standardized test required for college admission in the U.S.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Answer the comprehension questions:
    1. What do you call people in ninth grade in the U.S.?
    2. What are AP classes?
    3. What are the three most common languages American students study?
  • Review vocabulary and terms from this lecture.