okay so this is going to be our review over the early republic so the the early presidents uh washington adams jefferson madison and monroe so we're going to move quickly but you can go back and watch any parts that you need to um you know here again or focus on a little more closely i will highlight some of the most important parts here i'm not going to hit every detail all right so washington when he comes into the office he is uh has to deal with the problems of our new nation we had significant issues which is why we decided we needed a new constitution and not just the articles of confederation one of those biggest problems was debt and paying off the war debt there was other issues that had to be dealt with but the the war debt and and how that was going to be accomplished was was a big question and ultimately the answer to that question ended up leading to um some additional problems okay so uh he sets uh as president as first president he said a lot of examples uh one of the one the biggest ones is most important of those is this idea that americans would america would be neutral especially when it comes to fighting between great britain and france because they're fighting all the time and we do not need to get involved in their conflicts because that's going to drag us into war all the time we can't afford it we don't have the military to really uh to do that and so we don't want to be a part of that it's better for america to stay out of their wars this would be include other wars but they were the two main problems and two most likely to drag us into a war and then how are we going to deal with the um the financial problems the big debt well uh george washington puts a brilliant man alexander hamilton in charge of kind of doing that uh solving that problem he's the secretary of the treasury and he says he really comes up with a four-part plan um repay the debt establish a national bank tax whiskey and create a protective tariff so to repay that debt he also wants to pay repay the state's debts to get them out of debt and get them in better financial standing um some states like that others don't the big issue the big problem is going to be this national bank and this is going to be the big fight and ultimately this will be what leads to um the two different parties this will be the conflict that kind of brings that those differences out all right let's talk about the whiskey rebellion so after the whiskey tax um is passed there's a lot of farmers that aren't able to to pay some of their taxes they feel like it's not fair because it was tax it ends up taxing smaller uh businesses at a large at a higher rate than bigger businesses and um they didn't have the the cash to pay it um but uh so they start to rise up in protest and uh washington sends the army to put that rebellion down and order is restored fairly quickly which is a interesting juxtaposition to um or comparison that you can make to shay's rebellion where lasted longer seemed more a bit bigger problem this one was handled a little bit more quickly and put down a little bit more forcefully uh washington's farewell address uh is is significant because he says hey watch out for political parties and permanent alliances we need to be neutral that's the two big things that his farewell address talks about and there's often question about those uh about his farewell address okay so the beginning of political parties we've got two political parties uh the ultimately at that time uh federalist and the democratic republicans um in washington's cabinet we have secretary of treasury alexander hamilton and secretary of state thomas jefferson well hamilton is the leader of the federalist party jefferson is the leader of the democratic republicans and the big disagreement they have is on political pa is on power of the federal government hamilton believed in a more powerful federal government jefferson did not and so therefore those differences time and time again when there was a question of of government and what the government should do there was disagreement over how it should be handled between these two men the biggest of those was that question of the national bank um so let's talk a little bit about the federalist party they wanted a strong federal government emphasis on manufacturing uh believed in the rule by wealthy and educated um they were more pro-british the british were our biggest trading partner and so that tended to influence their their thinking there uh they believed in a loose interpretation of the constitution in other words if the constitution doesn't say you can't do it then you you've got a reasonable argument that you should be able to do it and that would include something like a national bank and that was the first big fight and then protective tariffs to help american industry grow which so that's kind of the federalist party who was the leader of the federalist party who is it alexander hamilton that's right good job uh was the pet was the federalist party in favor of well there's a long list of things strong federal government is really important though you've got to know that one or a weak federal government well they're in favor of a strong federal government all right so democratic republican party the leaders thomas jefferson they wanted stronger states they the states should have the more power not the federal government they didn't want a powerful government like under the king they didn't they were afraid that this new powerful government was going to rule them too powerfully and and and in similar ways to great britain they emphasized agriculture a rule by the people they tended to be more pro-french they believed in state banks not a national bank and they were a strict interpretation of the constitution which meant that you can do less the strict interpretation of the constitution you see what the constitution says if the constitution says you can do this you can do it if it doesn't then you can't so if it's not specifically said that you can do this thing then you shouldn't be doing it and they believed in free trade which means they were against protective tariffs they did not want to put taxes on trade or they didn't want to put many taxes on trade who is leader of the democratic republican party thomas jefferson that's right good job and was the democratic party in favor of britain or france grants is the answer all right now political parties this is another way to think about it you've got the federalists you've got the democratic republicans you've got hamilton you've got jefferson and then if you think about the power of government the federal government is more powerful state government is smaller when you think of democratic republicans the federal government is got some power that the state government doesn't have but the state government has most of the power so if this big circle is the govern power of the government federal government has more state government has less democratic republicans state government has more federal government has less and then you can also see british flag french flag agriculture manufacturing all right john adams is our second president uh france is capturing american ships that are going to britain and uh adams begins to sit anyway we're not going to get into the xyz affair too much um needless to say it was an issue they were attacking our shipping we don't want them to do that um and because they were attacking our shipping because we were going to great britain and they were at war with great britain so his party wanted him to declare war but he didn't he didn't believe it was time to declare war yet he thought that wasn't the best thing and so even though his party suggested he do it he doesn't do it this is an example of what we call civic virtue in other words he's doing what's best for the country not what's best for him politically all right thomas jefferson uh ultimately beats john adams in for president of the next election and so thomas jefferson becomes the third president of the united states and we have a peaceful transfer of power um from adam's presidency to jefferson's presidency that's two different political parties that it's a shift in parties and it's a peaceful transfer of power there's no problems there's no fighting there's no um issues going from one to the other now was john adams happy about it absolutely not he doesn't attend the inauguration for thomas jefferson but he does accept the outcome of the election and there is no fighting over it all right thomas jefferson's big ideas here what does he support he supports reducing the size of the military reducing the spending of the government he believed in laissez-faire policy in other words hands off the government is hands off doesn't get involved in economic business doesn't want lots of taxes doesn't want a lot of different things doesn't want the government getting involved and picking the winners or losers this reducing the size of government reducing spending those go hand in hand if you reduce spending you are reducing the power of your government because your government can only do things by spending and so if you're spending less money you're doing fewer things which is what jefferson wants big key um supreme court decision during uh had a hard time coming up with ford supreme court uh big big supreme court decision during jefferson's presidency is the marbury versus madison i'm not going to go into all the details of it you can read those your own but this establishes this principle of judicial review judicial review is the right establishing this principle that the supreme court can declare laws that are passed by congress unconstitutional in other words if they say it's unconstitutional then the law is thrown out that's the power of judicial review that's established by the precedent set by mar the marbury versus madison case all right gibbons versus ogden is another important supreme course supreme court case uh that ruled the federal government in charge of interstate commerce in other words trade between the states that the the federal government can regulate trade between the states and mcculloch versus maryland the supreme court ruled that the federal government did not have to pay taxes to the states so uh state was trying to actually tax the national bank in maryland the maryland was trying to tax the national bank and the federal government says no you cannot do that and the supreme court says you're right you can't uh john marshall was the chief justice the first chief justice of the supreme court no uh he was not first but he was an important chief justice of the supreme court um does and he is um he really believes in the strengthening the power of the federal government and his decisions reflected that those just those decisions we just read all really give the federal government power uh and establish that yes the federal government has more power than um other governments the than the state governments uh louisiana purchase also happens during jefferson's presidency uh and it nearly doubles the size of the united states uh so here's the united states before the louisiana purchase this orange and blue louisiana purchase is all this green area there you can see it here as well and then you can see the united states nearly doubles in size and it only cost 15 million dollars all right british attack americans this is a continuing problem uh and now ultimately it's going to lead to uh ultimately this problem will lead to the war of 1812. uh in 1807 this is happening a british ship attacked the u.s ship the chesapeake and killed three americans britain british soldiers have been uh british ships have been taking aborting american shipping and taking uh sailors and pressing them or forcing them into the british navy and the united states is none too happy about this um jefferson responds with the embargo act embargo act is where you stop trade with the with a and all other nations so we stopped trading with everybody uh ultimately the the goal here is to hurt great britain because they trade with us a lot but ultimately it hurts the united states at least as much if not more and it is a failure american economy is america's economy goes into shambles at this time especially their trade obviously and um it upsets many people that are involved it ruins their livelihoods these these businesses that their job is trade well they're going broke really fast uh so in a james madison becomes president in 1809 he's elected in 1808 becomes president in 1809 and this problem of british and french attacking american shipping continues um in 1811 the us wins a battle called the battle of typical canoe against some native americans that are rising up uh tecumseh is uh rising up against americans that are moving further out into their their territory he's the leader of the native american confederation of different tribes um and but the us wins this major battle as a result of this native americans begin to join forces with the british and ultimately this is what helps to lead to the war of 1812 along with this attacking of american shipping so these two things in combination helped to lead to the war of 1812. uh there was warhawks are henry clay and john c calhoun they're ready to go to war declare war on great britain congress quadruples the size of the army and madison decides to declare war on britain great britain is actually surprised by this american forces tried to invade canada unsuccessful in retaliation the british burned washington dc many battles took place on the great lakes the greatest one being the battle of lake erie which was won by the united states this is also when the star-spangled banner is written by francis scott key as he's watching the bombardment of fort mchenry the song is now our national anthem uh the war ends with the treaty of ghent there's no boundaries changed but the british would agree to stop seizing american ships well the reason they really actually what they do is they say everything goes back to the way it was before the war well the thing is before the war great britain was at war with france and so they were attacking our ships that were going to france because they didn't want us trading with france well af by the time the war ends they're not at war with france anymore and so they have no reason to attack our ships and so andrew jackson had not heard the war and ended uh in new orleans he's the general there at uh new orleans uh ready to defend new orleans from british attack the british hadn't heard it yet either and so they attack and andrew jackson wins this famous battle of new orleans after the war has actually been is over but they don't know it yet uh the effects of the war america has earned respect around the world americans become very patriotic and proud of their country and not just their state uh and this increa we it leads to an increase in american manufacturing uh james monroe is elected the next president this leads to the era of good feelings and uh americans were happy after the war of 1812 and james monroe was easily elected um to be the fifth president of the u.s this is a period of the area of good feelings it's also called nationalism and the one of the most significant things that happens during monroe's presidency is the monroe doctrine and basically saying hey europe the all these uh countries that have gained independence from you over here your colonies you cannot come over here and try to recolonize the americas we are close to european colonization don't come back and try to get your old colonies that you've lost this would be especially directed at spain and france but certainly great britain and any other colonizer from europe and so that is where we are going to end our review for today