Hello everybody welcome back to our class um today we should complete the factors of the like the affecting plant growth but before that I want to like I give a small um information about the climate and the weather and what we call that that's in like an our book chapter uh 12 the crop sign like um the introduction or the definition of the climate or the weather they they there is like a few concept we have to understand so um the uh weather like it's like described as a shortterm statue of the atmospheric conditions which is we call it uh meteorology that meteorology is we talking about like the like the weather in the region like for example if you're talking about like like the Midwest or they talking about like um the rainforest or the tropical those are like something you can say this is the weather like a meteorolog climate which is longterm average weather like it's um like it's more climatology which is called climatology climatology which is like a little bit long period uh of time so the weather today but the climate in this area can be something different right so um EXA like for example if we're talking about like the north of like Dakota those are like having different climate than like Texas right but the weather can be like also different in texes or they can be different in like um in small pair period but the climate in general we talking about like a distance far and a certain type of weather weather influences the daily and the seasonal growth and the development of the crop by itself so uh if we like we talking about like a climate the climate determines the crop adoptions and distributions for example if we talking about like um uh adopting for example if you have like a farm in this area I want to adopt the new crop in the area so the first thing you want to see if the climate setable or can be adaptable by this plant this crop or not if it's not that mean um you cannot like the for example they are like a few plant as we learn in our lectures they are like this susceptible or this uh less um uh have ability uh to like resisting fro Frost of Frozen but some of the others they can be tolerant to Frozen right so that's climate example so the plant sometimes they can adoption in a new area which is the affecting the distributions example for the another things you can grow wheat in cansas you can grow wheat in um like like in Washington state right those are wheat but it can be grow and they can be very do very well but you cannot like you grow um apple and in this area you can but it the it's not seable because the climate a little bit different AB have a wide range of a clim they can adopt a lot of things but mostly in this area area windy and they will like be suffering from robbing the Apple in like um unless you do like a wind breaks for them whether they can be changed like daily or the season during the season like when we talking about the weather and um like um today they have be like a little bit cold the temperature is something blah blah blah and uh um uh the the wind blah blah blah and they are like a little bit different today than tomorrow and then after another ter we call it like microclimate microclimate is the environmental conditions near the ground like which is immediately surrounding the aerial uh portion of the plant by itself when we talking about like soil surface to 30 ft uh above from that or where the action is happening so for example if we talking about like the microclimate uh if you have like above like in your like Farm you have like a small trees they are like cluster together they make it like not for but it's a little bit small and they are like located in the valley so they are like having microclimate different than the area that doesn't have trees and they having like they don't have even like tall grasses or something like that so the microclimate in both area they are different you can notice that when you go like walking inside like under the trees or uh that will be the weather like a little bit different different temperature and they can be a little bit the fear so that's that's an important thing so um let's take a look in in one thing here the climate or the weather like averages of like the rainfall or the precipitation annually in the year in United States so as you can see in this one here um let me take the pointer like the more color in this area the the highest like precipitation but this one is the less so you can see from the map that this area a little bit higher in precipitation compared to this area but um exception we have an exception like this one here which is like uh part of California uh there is of like a feel uh like a big strip uh close to the ocean from uh Oregon and Washington state Washington State have like as you can see like in small here like it has this color like which is the highest like rainfor uh rainforest uh uh annual uh average of rain um that is going to be different but if we if we talking about that like if we can we say you more the more you go from the East uh sorry the West to the east the more precipitation anually you're going to have and also the if you go from the north to the the South the temperature will be dropped and also the precipitation will be less than the North so this area it has like a more precipitation compared to that one and also the heat the temperature will be effective so effect effect of weather comp components on crops light intensity and duration which is we going to take about like talk about the light and intensity and durations and temperature other factors we said the precipitation wind direction and velocity which is a very important uh maybe I will prepare lecture for that uh relative humidity and relative humidity is very important air pressure Etc all those factors they can be like a weather or climate combinations they will be affecting uh uh uh plant growth all impacted growth crop growth uh on uh hourly or daily or weekly and season long bases so those are they how they affecting the micro uh climate the climate uh the gr crop growth uh like uh as we mentioned hourly daily weekly and season long right now we're going to move to talk about light light is is so important but let's um see uh watch this video and after that we can uh complete our lecture um the reference will be attached in the last slide all electromagnetic radiation is light visible light is the only part of the spectrum you can see for all your life your eyes have relied on this one narrow band of em radiation to gather information about your world though our Sun's visible light appears white it is really the combined light of the individual rainbow colors with wavelengths ranging from Violet at 380 NM to Red at 700 nanm before Isaac Newton's famed experiment in 1665 people thought that a prism somehow colored the sun's white light as it bent and spread a Sunbeam Newton disproved this idea by using two prisms to show that white light is made up of the bands of colored light Newton used a second prism to show that the bands of colored light combin to make white light again visible light contains important scientific clues that reveal hidden properties of objects throughout the Universe minute gaps in energy at specific visible wavelengths can identify the physical condition and composition of stellar and Interstellar matter human eyes aren't nearly sensitive enough to detect these faint Peaks but scientific instruments can scientists can learn the composition of an atmosphere by considering how atmospheric particles scatter visible light Earth's atmosphere for example generally looks blue because it contains particles of nitrogen and oxygen which are just the right size to scatter energy with the wavelength of blue light when the Sun is low in the sky however light travels through more of the atmosphere and more blue light is scattered out of the beam of sunlight before it reaches Your Eyes Only the longer red and yellow wavelengths are able to pass through often creating breathtaking sunsets when scientists look at the sky they don't just see blue they see clues about the chemical composition of our atmosphere however visible light reveals more than just composition as objects grow hotter they radiate energy with a shorter wavelength changing color before our eyes watch a flame shift from yellow to Blue as it is adjusted to burn hotter in the same way the color of Stellar objects tells scientists much about their temperature our sun produces more yellow light than any other color because of its surface temperature if the sun's surface were cooler say 3000° C it would look reddish like the stars anares and Beetle Juice if the sun were hotter say 12,000 de C it would look blue like the star Riel like all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum visible light data can also help scientists study changes on Earth such as assessing damage from a volcanic eruption this NASA eo1 image combines both visible and infrared data to distinguish between snow and volcanic ash and to see vegetation more clearly since 1972 image from NASA's lanat satellite have combined visible and infrared data to allow scientists to study changes in cities neighborhoods forests and Farms over time visible light images taken by NASA's Mars Landers have shown us what it would look like to stand on another planet they have expanded our minds our imagination and our understanding NASA instruments can do more than passively sense radiation they can also actively send out electromagnetic waves waves to map topography the Mars orbiting laser altimeter sends a laser pulse to the surface of the planet and sensors measure the amount of time it takes for this laser signal to return the elapse time allows the calculation of the distance from the satellite to the surface as the spacecraft flies above Hills valleys craters and other surface features the return time varies and provides a topographic map of the planet's surface back in Earth orbit NASA's ISAT mission uses the same technique to collect data about the elevation of the polar ice sheets to help monitor changes in the amount of water stored as ice on our planet laser altimeters can also make unique measurements of the heights of clouds the top of the vegetation canopy of forests and can see the distribution of aerosols from sources such as dust storms and forest fires finally visible light helps us to explore the far reaches of the universe that humans could not hope to reach physically using visible light the Hubble Space Telescope has created countless images that spark our imagination inflame our curiosity and increase our understanding of the universe so the light is like a form of electromagnetic radiation as we watch in the video as our also radio wave um they are like infrared wave and x-ray uh wave too so the all those like they making the light which is all electromagnetic radiation travel in the space of the light and they are like different uh difference uh between the uh various like form L uh lays uh in their like wave length and different uh frequent frequency so high iner energ radiation such as X-ray and uh have a very short wave lth and low frequently but they are like can be um affect the plant growth they are like in plant breathing sometimes they use like the X-ray to uh make a new mutation uh in the the plant so they can may be found something good like a a new characteristic in the same uh plant but this old technique they will not use it anymore they right now have a more uh developed uh thing low energy radiation such as radio uh wave lenth which is like have a very long wave length and high frequency which is like um the will be above the use of the plant so what is the the plant looking for so as you can see it's measured by uh nanometers nanometers um this is the measure and that's the wave lth this is a shorter one but this is a long uh um uh wave lth so it is like incre increase according to uh the radiation and they will be changing in the color too so for example uh the plant will be benefit from uh they have like a good wave Ling it between like a 400 MM uh sorry nanometers and the highest one it will be 700 nanometers but the plant have like a specific priority for using the light and the light col so they using different like um wave length and like to develop the B gr visible light is a very small segment and of the electromagnetic spectrum uh ranging like of the wavelength between 400 to uh 700 nanom um slightly shorter of the wave length of the uh ultra voil um radiation uh ranging from 100 to 400 nanometer and the slight longer wavelength is are infrared which is like higher more than 700 to 4,000 nanometers um shortest uh shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum uh is the color which is violet and longest one is the uh wavelength it's the red uh color so although a shorter waveling have some energy but they are like um they also uh are more likely to be uh scattered um by gases is in the atmosphere of a particle of the in the atmosphere atmosphere so um that maybe for you can see it when it's happen like when the light have uh a different color so as we watch that one wave Ling it's like between the 400 to the 700 the color like is starting Deering according to the wave L as you can see this one that was like from The Violet uh from like 400 to maybe 400 um 40 maybe 40 yeah maybe 40 no 4 35 something like that but also the more you're going up the more different color you're going to get so when you see the reflections of the Green in the plant for example that uh the color that invisible Spectrum visible spectrum by remembered um by the acony which is like Roy J and V BV b v b which is like standard for uh the red color orange yellow green or like different colors but what the plant use does does the plant use all of them when you see the plant is color that mean reflecting the green color so it's not using the green color technically the solar constant like uh is the amount of the energy that like is strikes um the Earth and atmosphere and any like a given a point in in time each second each second U the Earth will receive like 1.94 four calories uh per square cm this uh mean that mean like um uh very 10 every 10 days the Earth will receive enough like energy from the Sun to equal all uh the worlded and known service of fossil fuel so not all the uh research in the Earth likee surface have or however um the fat like uh of the light uh reach the Earth atmosphere excuse me uh scattered like a 25% by at atmosphere absorbed by atmosphere like 19% uh reflected by atmosphere is 34% so only just direct radiation service in uh 19% of which is like strike in the atmosphere at the atmosphere uh sorry uh strike the atmosphere so let's watch this video to understand this about like the climate changing and it give you feedback about what's going on in there uh the albu which is like how tens of thousands of years the delicate balance of Earth's climate has allowed human life on our planet to thrive today that equilibrium is at risk as one of the most important cooling mechanisms the albo effect or Earth's reflectivity is threatened at Earth's poles snow and ice reflect up to 85% of the sun's Rays away from the surface and back into space helping to keep the planet from becoming too hot but over the past few decades this natural mirror has begun to break down as fossil fuel emissions raise temperatures melt snow and ice cover and reduce the planet's albo as the planet loses its ability to reflect sunlight a dangerous warming feedback loop is triggered the most alarming change is happening in the far north where the temperature rise is causing the snow cover and sea ice to rapidly disappear Don perovich is a sea ice geophysicist at Dartmouth College for the past 30 years he's been documenting big changes in the Arctic there's always been this an ual cycle the ice grows uh usually say for 9 or 10 months of the year and then melts for a couple of months what's changing now is the timing the melting is starting earlier the freezing is starting later we have much less coverage every month of the year particularly at the end of summer global warming from human-caused emissions of heat trapping gases carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide and others is increasing the temperature in the Arctic two to three times faster than the rest of the planet warming is then Amplified by the loss of aido as the reflective ice and snow disappear exposing the dark ocean underneath say it's April and we're flying above the Arctic and we look down at the sea ice cover it's covered by snow it's bright and it's white now summer comes that snow melts you get more open ocean you're absorbing much more heat instead of reflecting 85% you're absorbing 90% And so you're replacing one of the best natural reflectors snow with one of the worst the open ocean now instead of reflecting the sunlight the ocean absorbs it heats up and melts more ice exposing more dark ocean which which absorbs more sunlight in an amplifying [Music] cycle as those darker Waters warm they emit carbon dioxide and water vapor warming things further so there are several aspects to this feedback in the Arctic problem which are truly frightening scientists have been measuring Arctic sea ice since long before satellites began taking reliable measurements in the early 1970s by the end of that decade the climate models predicted sea ice would begin to disappear with the increase of heat trapping gases in the atmosphere ma Holland is a climate modeler from the national Center for atmospheric research so our first climate models were developed in the 1970s those models even in their simplicity predicted that with Rising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere we would see dramatic sea ice loss in the Arctic and the Arctic warming would be Amplified relative to the globe and as measurement techniques improved scientists were alarmed to discover just how much ice had been lost the volume has decreased by 75% in only 40 years it's just a breathtaking change in a very short time we call it the new Arctic now because it's so different from what it used to be the ice now is mainly consisting of what we call firste ICE which is just ice that's formed in that one winter and most of it doesn't survive through the summer it all melts studies suggests that around a quarter of global warming is caused by the loss of the sea ice but if you factor in the melting of snow cover on the surrounding land together they account for an estimated 40% loss in the planet's reflectivity the snow cover of Land is very bright and very reflective it reflects an enormous amount of the sunlight away from the surface just like the sea ice cover does and we are seeing reductions in the aerial coverage of snow over the land just like we're seeing reductions in the aerial coverage of sea ice with feedback loops amplifying the warming the landscape of the Arctic will change irrevocably so our climate model projections suggest that we will lose the Arctic sea ice cover in the summer months altogether by the end of this Century if we continue to increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels we ultimately will get to a state where we lose the winter SE ice as well a sobering prediction considering that ice has covered the Arctic Ocean for more than 2 and A2 million years and the warming happening in the Arctic isn't staying in the Arctic the air there is mixing into the global atmosphere Elsewhere on Earth and raising global temperatures the Arctic plays a very Central role in Earth's climate even if you just lose sea ice cover in the Arctic the tropics will feel that enhanced warming this means amplification of problems the climate crisis is already causing crops suffering food prices going up wet areas becoming wetter dry areas becoming drier and as the climate warms it kicks in another feedback loop set in motion by the melting of massive glacial ice sheets in the past 30 years the loss of ice on the Greenland ice sheet has increased sixfold leading to a rise in sea level as the ocean Rises the higher warmer water melts more land ice raising sea levels further and melting even more ice in a vicious cycle in the South Pole The increased temperature is thawing the miles thick Antarctic Ice Sheets that have been accumul ating on land for over 40 million years loss of ice over the Antarctic continent doesn't have as much of an albo feedback because it's so thick but as that ice enters the ocean it causes sea level to rise if both Greenland and Antarctica's glacial ice shelves were to melt sea levels would potentially Rise by more than 100 ft this resulting destruction to coastlines would uproot millions of people around the world it would also mean the ice sheets would reach a Tipping Point taking thousands of years to recover if we lose an enormous amount of ice from the land reestablishing that is a very long time scale issue and if we continue with business as usual the warming of the Arctic will cause the feedback loops at both poles to spin out of control the models predict if we continue on the path we're on that the Arctic will experience very dramatic changes and that those changes will reverberate throughout the system the human system the biological system the socioeconomic [Music] system with every country contributing to the problem each now needs to be part of the solution that requires managing the world in such a way that we do not exploit carbon compounds and dump the waste into the atmosphere the emission of greenhouse gases is an example of a market failure one business Enterprise passing on the real cost of doing business to people who aren't party to that business that is most of the rest of us in every sector of the economy we have the technology and knowledge to move toward sources of energy that do not produce heat trapping gases what we need is the will we must stop adding fossil fuels to the atmosphere which are warming the planet melting the ice and snow cover and lowering the reflectivity of the Arctic if we cut emissions stop deforestation and regrain the Earth we can slow halt or even reverse the feedback loop lower temperatures regenerate snow and ice cover increase reflectivity and heal our planet you have all this heat in the ocean it would take a few years of cold temperatures to get rid of it but once you did you would get ice to form again the most important thing citizens can do is to educate themselves on this issue and vote for politicians who take this problem seriously and have good ideas for how to solve it I'm optimistic by Nature and I become more optimistic when I see so many people that realize there's a problem the pessimistic part of me says the longer we wait the harder it gets it's time to act um I want to come about the the previous video that we watch um it's not like completely related what we have but it's have indirect like relationship with what we do in agriculture so even in like uh in agricultureal farming we have something called uh carbon photoand so how much emission you produce in your farm there is a like a software developed by uh Linker wibs and she uh she is like a a head of like a crop and soil Professor Department in like Washington State University and the the website can calculate how much like Caron you will be uh reduced or the emission they will be like released to the atmosphere from the agricultural practices it is very important to understand that because it's like agricult agricultural sustainability it's the concept that you have to like everything you do is related to how much like it's not about how much money you can get it's also how much you can save um this land and this weather and this like area for the next Generations by by doing that like by understanding the concept of the our like practice is in farming reflect is so important like it is make it sustainability or you you at least you're going to see how much do you like uh uh release to the air like a carbon dioxide emissions anyway so uh right now we're going to talk about like the other factor which is water water is a very important factor um uh we all know how is that important but we have to check like um like water affecting on crop plants and terminology used for describing Water by like used up by crop which is the first one is like uh evaporation uh evab transpiration which is like ET and there was like e evaporation and transporation at the same time so we call it like EV transporation we call it ET so water loose lost by evaporation from the soil pulls like pulls up from uh by the plant where when it's like need like do uh transporation we mentioned before that the plant usually use like between two to 1 to 2% of the water that they absorb from the soil so the rest where where is the rest going it's there is going by like like a transporation which is like uh by the leaf like moving by the leaf anyway um this like uh the other concept like the other term like a conceptive uh water use which is a total of the water used bare season like that one is like just only the season of the season if you're grow like a a crop like have a cold season how much they will spend from the seed to the harvesting time so the total water used based to the produce a crop uh which is ET which is the like a evaporation EV transporation plus the water removed by the crop another term uh what we call here is a water you use efficiency which is uh uh very useful to understand this concept which is a crop yel divided by the total water that be used so how much the water can be produced like for example uh in in uh in KSU Saudi Arabia they found that they is a not KSU K they they found there is a when if they need like to grow wheat in the desert they have to like consume 1,000 liter to Just Produce one kilogram of wheat th those that's like maybe you see it like a lot right but it's like how much the efficiency uh of the water will be used in that area it doesn't matter like if they grow with wheat here or there but the high temperature in the weather like because they relative humidity they going to be surrounding the plant they want to force the plant to uh evapor like do like a lot evate a lot of amount of big of amount of water and then they put a lot of water instead like producing um producing like instead like producing for 1,000 uh liter they use like almost like 6,000 liter to produce just one kilogram of meat so that's like that's the different about like the water use efficiency uh transpiration ratio which is the weight of the water transported per unit weight of the dry matter produced by the plant a measure of the the true efficiency this one of the plant for the water use like um there is a like a uh a table in page I believe so uh 158 this table here this table here so that table it's going to be like in a page uh 158 in our book um that's table explain it has um like a few number about like the transporation rate you a relative Rao and the crop and they explain exactly what do you have here so it's like show you the water efficiency and how the plant used a fact Factor affecting the uh ET the evaporation uh evabor transpiration which is like uh increase as the temperature increasing increase as a temperature wind light soil moisture and leavea area increasing so increase by increasing if that increase if the temperature increase the uh ET will be increased if the wind increase ET will increase if the light increase soil moal increase Leaf area the space of the leaf area the type of the crop too there will be increase uh ET increase as a relative humidity decrease so if the how is there like why is this different because you we know that the leaves they have like a 100% inside the leaf 100% it's a relative humid humidity out of the leaf the more the less sorry the less uh humidity out of the leaf the more taking water from the leaf so direct like effect of dry air and drive the evaporation and and in direct effect in increasing the temperature as the temperature increasing and also RH decrease too so um uh drought stress effect like physiological process a lot of things you're going to see it like for example here uh decreases a cell enlargement stunting which we call stunting you see it like it's a little bit the color it's uh yellowing and something like it's spotted like a small dot white dot decrease the photosythesis which is technically affecting the photos scien scienes less dry and give less dry weight the why we talking about like dry weight dry weight is very important it's the how the plant will be produced uh technically we don't eat it but the more dry weight um the more benefit they will be like reflecting in yeld are also if they eaten by The Animals they will be um uh given like a good uh production performance in in animals so dry wheat uh in Hamilton County this one is s the picture is like uh March 2011 um uh this picture it was taken to the drought happening in that area so how is that like will be affecting the crops there is no crops as you see it's like uh completely destroyed critical stages uh for Drought stress as we going to take in legume and not legume in uh grasses which is corn growth development in lab that will be um uh very important to understand which is like like how is that going to be reflect in the uh the especially in the polonization at the time where is the uh like a flower are to pize if the plant like um if you put the plant under pressure under stress like for example um drought happen or the high temperature happen they will be like destroying the St St silks so that one will not receive any pollen and that will be like a give you different type of uh uh corn as as this um as you can see in those pictures uh corn C and pollination stages for uh Kernel seat like and uh air uh field file uh results so that fa result and also like serum who which is a stage is poor head emergence resulting um the small head is not that's reflecting in like in um the growth so as you can see that that one is too small the other one is a little bit bigger and also there is like a a summer uh the soy bean and the cuton uh Early B uh po uh B sorry developed development stages and causes a BD or bull uh uh operation which is like reduced uh yel and affect the yel um and affect the plant too as you can see those pictures uh wheat had development stages which is very important and if affecting the head size and the potential colal numbers which is the one and also you can see in this picture how is that like a little bit different um small side they affecting the numbers Let's uh watch the water cycle or the important of water and how is that going to be affect the crop let's take during our farm Basics time today we're going to talk a little bit about how much water does a crop actually use and I actually ran some calculations so I I I just wrote them down because I knew I wouldn't be able to remember all this it's always scary to me whenever Brian comes to the field with papers in his hand I'm like oh no what's it going to be this time but you think about it there are a lot of different crops that we're growing and rainfall doesn't exactly come the same amount every day unless you're we're going to talk about all that but here's the thing I just want to give you some numbers to start with let's say that I've got 100 bushel corn versus 300 bushel corn and let's say I was able to raise each miraculously on the exact same amount of water which is sometimes possible so in our area our average rainfall is 22 in for the entire year that includes the snow an acre inch of water is 27,1 154 gallons so if you multiply the 22 intimes the 27 1554 that comes up to 5973 188 Gall we'll call it 600,000 gallons for short all right if you divide that out by 100 bushels versus 300 bushels here's what it amounts to the 100 bushel took 5974 the 300 Bush corn took 1991 bushel now the reason why I wanted to start you with this is to say both things are possible and we want to talk today about how both things can be possible that look it took 6,000 gallons of water in one case versus 2,000 gallons of water per bushel in another case all right well here's the easy way to look at this brand let's just say you put that corn plant in a pot how many gallons of water is it going to take not very many for the whole year it's certainly not going to take 2,000 gallons to raise an acre worth of corn or 6,000 gallons a lot of that water is either going to run off or soak down through the ground so it's not going to matter we can do it on less gallons there's no question but my idea Brian is how do we capture more of that water with a bigger root system could we get a thousand bushel corn if we could do that all right well there's that but what I want you to think about to begin with is how many plants are actually out there on a per acre basis some farmers will plant as much as 40,000 plants on a per acre basis other Farmers might plant 12,000 or 16,000 plants so that will have something to do with it another big thing is plants have the process of respiration and transpiration they're constantly kicking water out in into the air pulling water back in from the air there's below ground water movement Darren mentioned already earlier there's the timing on the rainfall there's capillary action of water and soil where literally it can move up in the soil every soil is a little different in terms of water holding capacity and then there is certainly temperature and humidity there are a lot of factors that enter into this well certainly when we're talking about any kind of plant it's going to take some moisture maybe a cactus doesn't take much but it does need a little bit of moisture crops may need quite a bit more than a cactus but they still don't need all the moisture that we're using for the bushels that we're currently raising we can raise more bushels per gallon of water that's one of the big things that farmers are working for going forward so one of the things that farmers can do to make this better is by having the proper balance of nutrients out there crops become water wasters when they're short on any one nutrient so if they're short on some nutrient they're start pulling more water in because that's how the nutrient gets into the plant is by bringing water in so we can make our plants more efficient if we just do a better job overall in terms of fertility out there but the big thing and the reason why we wanted to talk about this today is there is no exact answer people will say how much water does it take to produce a bushel of corn or a bushel of soybeans or anything nobody knows it can vary a tremendous amount but our goal as Farmers is to continue to use less yet produce more well we can certainly get by with less gallons of water if we don't have any weeds in our field we'll show you how to stop this tough weed later here in the [Music] show okay um there is a few concept like we have to understand maybe not in this lecture right now but in a few lectures in the future we going to like uh each time talking about like how we manage the water and how we use that one and also there is a class for um like uh where the irrigation system and different things like but um we're going to talk about that like in a different lecture uh please um uh watch the videos and if you have any questions and let me know thank you have a good day see you next secture