Lecture Notes: Effect of Temperature on Density of Mercury

Introduction

• Topic: Changes in the density of a liquid with temperature, using mercury as an example.

Density of Mercury

• Initial Density: 13.534 g/cm³ at 20°C.
• Formula: Density is mass per unit volume.
• Effect of Temperature: As temperature increases, volume generally increases, leading to a decrease in density.

Calculation of Density at 250°C

• Initial Temperature (T₁): 20°C
• Final Temperature (T₂): 250°C
• Beta (β): Volume expansion coefficient of mercury (can be looked up).
• Density Equation: Utilized to calculate density at different temperatures (detailed derivation available in other videos).
• Density Change Calculation:
  • Temperature change (ΔT): 250°C - 20°C = 230°C.
  • Plugging into formula, density at 250°C = 12.99 g/cm³ (approximately 13 g/cm³).

General Notes on Volume and Temperature

• Positive Beta (β): Indicates decrease in density with temperature rise.
• Exceptions: Some materials, such as water, have unique behaviors (e.g., water is most dense at 4°C).

Conclusion

• Result: Density of mercury decreases from 13.534 g/cm³ to 13 g/cm³ from 20°C to 250°C.
• Reminder: For more detailed explanations and related videos, see links provided below.

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