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Gender and Lifespan Development

Jun 26, 2025

Overview

This lecture covers gender, gender norms, sexuality, and LGBTQIA2S+ issues across the lifespan, focusing on their impact within individual, couple, and family systems, with emphasis on self-reflection for therapists.

Gender, Gender Norms, and Development

  • Gender roles and expectations shape women's and men's development throughout the family life cycle.
  • Women's life stages often center on caregiving roles, social expectations, and emotional labor, sometimes leading to distress and mental health symptoms.
  • Traditional models of family life cycles can reflect male-centric or Western biases, often overlooking women's experiences.
  • Men face pressures for emotional restriction, relational distance, and societal expectations to provide and "be strong."
  • Life cycle transitions—leaving home, marriage, motherhood, midlife, and aging—pose unique challenges for each gender.

Clinical Considerations and Therapy

  • Therapists must validate clients' experiences, explore gendered expectations, and support individuation and self-expression.
  • Recognize how cultural, socioeconomic, and systemic factors affect individuals' and families' roles and transitions.
  • Use tools like genograms to explore intergenerational patterns and support narrative reconstruction.
  • For men, normalize emotional expression and focus on relational resilience while avoiding stereotypes.

Sexuality Across the Lifespan

  • Sexuality is an identity and expression shaped by social norms, culture, and family systems, not just behavior.
  • Development of sexual identity starts in childhood/adolescence and evolves through adulthood and older age.
  • Heterosexism and social stigmatization impact LGBTQIA+ individuals, often leading to invisibility or rejection in families.
  • Communication and flexibility are essential for healthy sexual intimacy in relationships; cultural scripts may inhibit openness.

Social Class and Family Life Cycle

  • Social class affects access to resources, healthcare, education, and emotional support.
  • Class shapes family roles, delays or accelerates life transitions, and interacts with other identities like gender and immigration status.
  • Families with fewer resources may experience delays in milestones like home ownership or retirement.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Gender Norms — Societal expectations for behaviors and roles based on gender.
  • Emotional Labor — The management of emotions to support others, often expected of women.
  • Genogram — A family diagram used to explore relationships and patterns across generations.
  • Heterosexism — The assumption that heterosexual relationships are the norm, marginalizing LGBTQ+ identities.
  • Individuation — The process of developing a distinct identity separate from family expectations.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Read McGoldrick chapters 2, 3, 6, and 7.
  • Watch the assigned video on LGBTQ+ families.
  • Complete the participation attestation and submit by Sunday before midnight.
  • Write and submit a 300-word APA-style reflection journal examining personal reactions to this week's materials, due Sunday.