think about how often you encounter the following scenario there's a task you're trying to complete but in order to do that simple task you have all this background you have to have all these documents you have to read slide presentations to go over people you have to talk to Concepts you have to understand the problem is who in a crazy busy workday has time to sit down and spend hours reading things hey everyone about a year ago I released a YouTube video on a new experimental AI platform from Google called notebook LM but you know I thought this is probably not going to go anywhere it's just a beta just an experiment but let me tell you I was completely wrong let me show you the five biggest new features that notebook LM has come up with and no this video is not sponsored now before I show my screen I want to answer what I think is a really fundamental question which is what is notebook lm4 especially how is it unique and different from some of the other AI tools out there like chat GPT well I was reading one of the blog posts that the notebook LM team had written and in that post they called it a tool for understanding and I think that's the best simple description I've seen it's the ultimate tool for understanding things there's a lot to cover so buckle up grab a cup of coffee and let's Dive Right In first let's talk about audio overviews imagine if you were setting something or learning something or reading something and you just happen to come across a podcast in your podcast app between two super engaging knowledgeable hosts explaining that thing to you well now you don't have to be lucky you can generate exactly that conversation on demand anytime you want what you see here on my screen is the main interface when you log in at notebook lm. goole.com it's very simple each one of these squares contains all the material for a specific project so the first thing you're usually going to do is Click create new and add some sources these are the sources that you want it to know about that you want it to site and draw from so the project I have in mind is an upcoming trip to Guatemala that my family and I are planning to take this summer this is exactly the kind of project that I would love to spend lots of time on researching the country their culture their history all the itineraries the destinations we could visit the activities the cultural experiences but if I'm really honest with myself it's also the type of project that is likely not to be prioritized I have a lot going on over the next few months I'm writing a book I have two young kids so it's the kind of thing that I know I really could use ai's help with so the first thing I'm going to do is look for some sources that I want to draw on and this can be as simple as opening up Google and typing best places to visit in Guatemala and I'm going to scroll through here these look like great sources these three right here so I'm just going to hold down command and click each one of them which opens them up in tabs along the top up here now I'm not going to read them not going to dive into them all I want them is to stay open right there then let's try YouTube and here I'm going to be a little more specific I'm going to say underrated places to visit in Guatemala so let's open this one again I'm going to hold down command and click I'll do that one and then I even like that this one is specifically about an underrated location so let's add that one all right so this is a good start I have three websites and three YouTube videos which might not seem like a lot but it kind of is it would take me probably an hour or two hours to really dive deep into those so what I'm going to do instead of reading them myself is just add them as sources in Notebook LM let's open up the first website here I'm going to do command L to highlight the URL here and then command C to copy it and then back in Notebook LM you can see right down here I can add Google Drive documents I can add links and I can add pasted text so I'm going to go ahead and click website and then command V to paste and then insert no that I can click on the source right here and this little purple panel will open up called The Source guide The Source guide is just a one paragraph summary of The Source let's go to our second website command L to highlight the URL command C back to notebook LM I'm going to click this add source button right here at the top left website paste it add that as well all right so now I have two sources I'm just going to take a minute here and do the same with this last website and then it looks much the same with YouTube videos you just click the video command L copy the URL of the YouTube video add Source this time click YouTube paste it right there I just remembered a friend who was Guatemalan also sent me a country guide a quite long extensive PDF kind of highlighting and showcasing some of the best places to visit so I'm going to go ahead and add that as well to do that I'll hit add source and this time click choose file to add a file for my computer and I can see it's in my downloads folder right there there we go you can see it right there and there's one more thing I want to add which is in my notes which is this suggested itinerary that the friend who is the one getting married who we're going to visit actually suggested for us so they suggested a 6 day 7 night itinerary definitely want to take that into account so I'm going to go ahead and do command a to select all that text command C to copy head back over to notebook LM and this time I'm going to hit add source and right over here where it says copied text what that allows me to do is to Simply paste whatever text I want right into the little window here hit insert and that is now a source as well this is a good start you can see here I have eight different sources I'm working with and before I click this big generate button here I'm going to customize the conversation a little bit so I'm going to say just give it some context and details and then I'll click generate this is what you're going to see it says generating conversation there's a little circle here and this will take somewhere between around 3 to 6 minutes so I usually go get a cup of coffee or go to the bathroom or just take a little stretch break while this is generating all right so we're fast forwarding here a few minutes 3 or 4 minutes but you can see here it has now generated a 21 minute 12 second podcast conversation that I would love to share with you now here it is okay so get this our listener is heading to Guatemala summer of 2025 nice a week they say and they want the authentic experience yeah did you know that some of the world's most sought after coffee beans come from the volcanic slopes surrounding Antiga I did I actually saw something about that apparently Antiga has this like booming coffee scene not just plantations but like Artisan Roasters and cafes yeah I think one of the Articles recommended this place called artista de Cafe oh nice saying it was like this hub for local artists and coffee connoisseurs I'll go ahead and pause that now but you can see that this conversation is not just perfectly realistic and indistinguishable from a human conversation but it's completely customized based on the instructions that I gave them but you know what you can even customize this further and that is through a beta feature called interactive mode where believe it or not you can actually click a button and join the conversation in real time yourself so I've just remembered a key detail that I forgot to mention so let's go ahead and enter interactive mode and chime in on this conversation so I'll go ahead and start playing the podcast again okay so get this our listener is heading to Guatemala summer of 2025 nice a week they say so watch what happens when I click this join button and interrupt the conversation oh hey there how can we help hey guys I appreciate this but I forgot one key detail which is that we're going to have two small kids with us ages 2 and four could you please give us a recommended itinerary taking that into account oh wow okay that's definitely a key detail yeah traveling with a two and four-year-old changes things okay so let's unpack this and tailor our itinerary a bit yeah we'll need to balance adventure with kid-friendly options right we were about to get into how to experience Guatemala like a local and honestly that's totally doable with kids it's going to mean adjusting the pace a little exactly like maybe fewer super long travel days and more focus on activities that engage young ones all right so I don't know if you caught that but this is the most remarkable demonstration of AI that I think I've ever seen I think this is so powerful for a few reasons one is there's a lot of people out there who don't learn best by reading reading is actually really taxing and boring they need to listen to it but there's another reason which is think about the typical chat interactions that people have with AI in a chat format the onus the burden is always on you to keep the conversation moving forward you have to think of a question you have to think of a prompt you have to keep putting an effort to make progress this is completely different this is Two Hosts who are very knowledgeable about the topic and the sources having their own conversation completely independently of you it's more passive in many ways but that's good very often especially in your first encounter with something you want this kind of superficial surface level survey of the landscape that way you even know what topics are relevant what questions to ask I've been using audio overviews exactly that way anytime I want just a kind of General summary or survey of a topic I go straight here and generate a personalized podcast conversation on that topic I'm going to go ahead and close this window here on the side and one last thing I want to show you is that you're not limited to the audio overview if the hosts talk about something you find interesting and want to know more about well you have all the sources already loaded up here you can go right here at the bottom to the little chat window and ask anything you want for example I'm going to say why is antia so underrated I'm kind of afraid maybe it's dangerous maybe it's not super safe so I I want to know why do tourists not tend to go there and there you go you can see a much more in-depth bullet point by bullet point summary of what makes it so underrated and each one of those statements is cited and if you click on one of those little citations it takes you exactly to that part of the source that it's referring to and then last thing you can also create structured documents so let's say that you are studying Guatemala and you actually really decide you want to go deeper if you click this button right here the study guide it will generate an entire document with a quiz answer key essay questions glossery of key terms looks like a lot of the specific destinations it's mentioning so you're not limited to a surface level conversation you can go as deep and as detailed as you want now there's one more example of what you can do with with audio overviews that I want to show you so let's head back out to the main interface I'm going to create a new notebook and the example I showed you with my Guatemala trip was an example that uses external sources sources that you can find on the internet but you can also use your own internal thoughts feelings ideas journal entries and that's what I want to show you next so I'm going to go ahead and click on Google Docs and then right down here I have my endof year journaling at the end of every year I do something called an annual review or a year-end review where I think back to the past year and just reflect and journal on different Milestones that happened Precious Memories goals that I achieved lessons I learned and all that journaling is contained in this document right here which I'm going to insert as a source called thiago's 2024 year-end journaling you can see that there's a summary here of what this document is about and I'm just going to add that single source and go ahead and generate an audio overview I'll fast forward a few minutes here and now we can listen hey everyone and welcome to uh another Deep dive with us yes welcome today we're going to be uh looking at Thiago Forte's 2024 year in review which is something that uh he recommends people do and uh he practices what he preaches so yes does and it's also kind of interesting that he actually expresses some anxiety about doing the review oh really even though this is kind of his area of expertise I know I was going to say this is kind of his thing yeah is to like reflect and review and he even has anxiety about it he does he's worried about coming across as performative or you know not digging deep enough all right I'll spare you the rest of that what I found so fascinating about this is several things first of all it gives me such an interesting kind of Outsider perspective on my life you know I can go back and read my own journal entries but hearing what feels like two other humans talking about it in depth they're fascinated by the insights I've come up with they're impressed at some of the the goals that I've accomplished they're empathetic and they sympathize with some of the hard painful lessons that I had it really helps me just get out of my own perspective uh see my life from this more objective point of view which honestly gives me so much more appreciation so much more gratitude helps me kind of be more objective about even the life and the year that I had uh which is just kind of a really powerful tool for personal growth it's something that I'm definitely going to make part of my my journaling practices going forward next up we have feature number two which is an expanded context window I know this might seem like a boring backend technical feature you're like why do I care about this I don't even know what a context window is but this is in some ways actually the most important this single seemingly backend technical feature completely radically changes what is possible with AI imagine if you had a guidance counselor who could recommend the perfect Next Step in your learning based not just on guessing or a few small details about you but on the entire history of everything you've ever read and consumed notbook LM uses Google's Gemini 2.0 flash aai model which can now take in get this up to 50 sources each one of which can have up to 500,000 words just to do the math for you that's up to 25 million words of context that is so much higher than any other AI tool out there and basically means you're never going to hit the limit almost any conceivable use case can fit within 25 million words but let me take a step back and explain what is a context window and why does it matter think of AI as having two kinds of memory just like humans there's long-term memory and there's short-term memory an ai's long-term memory is basically what's called its training data all the data that went into its creation and basically these days all the major AI models have the same same training data more or less which is the entire internet they're all trained on the internet which means paradoxically that there's no real advantage in its long-term memory in its training data because it's the same across all the AI models a short-term memory is the data that it's working with right now like what is the conversation it's having right now the problem it's trying to solve right now the person you it's talking with right now most of the advantage of working with AI now comes from that short-term memory the specifics of the problem you're trying to solve the history of the product or your company your specific skills and resources you have access to things you've tried and whether they worked or not that kind of data which we call your context is what you supply to the AI for it to know something about you the context window this term I keep using is simply the limits of how much context you can give the AI until recently it was maybe a few thousand words or 10,000 words or maybe 30,000 words now with Gemini 2.0 flash that has radically expanded to 25 million words let me give you some examples imagine you work in product development and you could load up an entire folder full of hundreds or even thousands of in-depth customer interviews and then ask notebook LM to evaluate and analyze an idea you have for a new product based on all those past interactions imagine if you work in a nonprofit and you can upload an archive of every every single Grant you've ever won plus a directory of hundreds of currently open grants and then ask it to tell you which Grant proposals you're most likely to win and then to actually write the proposal drawing on the mission statement of your organization imagine if you're having a mysterious medical problem and you can load up your entire medical history and ask it to identify any recurring patterns even across different Specialties imagine if you could upload the entirety of your personal notes from years of reading and highlighting and note taking and every time you encounter a new idea such as in a book you could ask the AI if there are any existing connections to that idea in your notes you know what let's make this concrete let's actually take that last example of loading up all your notes and do it in real time so I'm going to go ahead and create a new notebook and I actually use a service called readwise which automatically syncs all of the highlights that I make from any ebook that I read read or uh any online article or other online content that I save in a centralized Place rewise actually has a partnership with notebook LM that allows you to export the entirety of all those notes and highlights to Google Docs in a format that's perfectly designed to be loaded up into notebook LM you can check out my first video for more details on how that works what this allows me to do is to open up my Google Drive here and I'll find five Google Docs worth of all those highlights so what I'm going to to do is Select each of these by holding down command as I click them I'll click insert and there we go took about 2 minutes but you can see in this one little paragraph right here that it's essentially summarized a broad swath of my learning my research my interests across over a decade of my life and this is where it really gets fun at this stage because I can ask at some really deep penetrating questions about the history of my my personal growth my learning my educ a in my career for example I can say please summarize a list of my most common recurring interests based on these notes there we go we can see not taking in Knowledge Management types of notes the value of externalizing thoughts habits and routines the importance of making connections all huge areas of interest but then let me go beyond what is found in this message here and say what are some other ideas topics and areas of interest that are likely to resonate With Me based on this list so it's essentially like a teacher suggesting other things that I might want to learn about now let's go beyond that and say please create a study guide and reading list to help me dive deeper into these topics it's broken up into chapters and then each chapter has key questions activities and readings including including my own book I love this using AI as a tool here's a bigger reading list and additional recommendations each one of these recommendations is drawing on so much existing knowledge about me they're not random or one siiz fits-all this is a perfectly personalized learning curriculum that has been generated based on years of my notetaking do you get why an expanded context window is so critical the possibility that this is opening up is a completely different way of interacting with AI it's not about designing these crazy extensive prompts it's not about meticulously organizing your sources it's really just about pointing the AI at a massive repository of information and letting it do the work let's talk about new feature number three which is multimodal sources multimodal is just a fancy word that means many different kinds of formats notebook LM can now take basically any kind of format that you want to throw at it there's URLs from web pages and YouTube videos like we saw you can put in PDFs you can put in text Google Docs audio files you could take a little voice memo note while walking around your neighborhood and then upload that but the most exciting and newest one is images specifically images within Google Slides think about how often you encounter information in modern work especially in the form of slides presentations that someone is giving to you or you're giving to someone else sales calls technical specifications slides are a very common format these days and you can now work with those directly in Notebook LM let me show you what that looks like as always I'll start by creating a new notebook and then I'm going to click right here where it says Google Slides go over to recent and let's use as an example a recent presentation that was sent to us by our insurance agent proposing a couple new health benefits packages for our employees so this is the kind of information that is important has high stakes it matters that I pay attention to it but it's also just so incredibly mindly boring that I want to spend as little time loading up this information into my brain as possible so I've loaded it up as a source as you can see here you can see there's a little summary which is that uh they're proposing two new health benefits packages okay so my first question is please compare and contrast the two proposed packages so you can see here there's a summary uh comparing their deductibles their office visit costs monthly and annual cost but you know what this is a little bit too extensive so I'm going to say please summarize more succinctly what is the core difference between these plans and there we go the core difference is in the cost of office visits and the overall monthly cost with A1 the first option being more expensive so as the founder and CEO of this business that is really the bottom line for me I don't really need to know all the fine grain details that is for our insurance agent that's for the operations person on my team the decision of which plan to go with Falls with me and what matters at the end of the day is the cost so I'm actually going to ask it to perform an analysis of what the cost difference would be between these two plans for six employees over the the course of a year and there we go its analysis is that the first A1 plan would cost 15,000 almost $166,000 more per year so this is the part that is actually most important to me I'm actually going to highlight this part and say save to note which is what I do anytime the AI gives me something that is actually valuable longterm that I want to keep track of I just click that button and it saves it over here in this little uh right hand bottom corner but the purpose of this demonstration was to show you how it works with images and slides so what I'm going to do is let's say I would like to know the source of this I want to check that it's accurate myself I can go ahead and click this little one here which is the citation and it takes me directly to the table where it shows that price difference so notice when we look at the slides here how complex this information is it's multicolored it's in columns rows it is not an easy thing to absorb but diagrams charts IM images photographs all these kinds of things if they're embedded in slides can now be understood by notebook LM and that's the multimodal capability now let's talk about feature number four which is a redesigned interface if we head back to our Guatemala notebook as an example the whole interface for a given notebook is divided into these three columns which they call panels on the left is the sources panel this is simply what sources the AI is working with and drawing from and you can expand that or once you've sort of settled on the sources and you're not going to do a lot of changes here you can just collapse that so you have more space for the other ones the second panel which is this middle part is the chat panel which is where you actually speak with and interact with the AI it's nice to make this large because sometimes it gives quite extensive answers that you want to be able to see in this wider format for example if I click this question what cultural and historical significance shapes Guatemala's top destinations you can see it's probably around 500 Words so if I like this answer and I decide I want to keep it for later I can just scroll down click the save to note button and it saves just this one answer which I've decided is valuable over here on the bottom right this is called the studio panel this one on the right and it does a number of things this is where you create and interact with audio overviews it's where you have these pre-made options such as creating a study guide or a briefing document or a frequently asked questions or timeline for example if I click the FAQ button it's now generated in a question and answer format a summary of the different sources that we're working with so I can go ahead and close that but I'd say the most important part is these notes when you have a conversation with an AI unless you take an action it kind of all just disappears over time so you want to be sure if you get a good answer to just click that little save to note button and over time you'll have here at the bottom right almost you can think of it like the final output the gems the Evergreen insights that you want to take away from this conversation are all going to be saved here in the notes section so that's the overall interface but for me by far the most important new addition over the last year has been these little numbers see those there's kind of a big problem with most modern AI tools which is they hallucinate they make things up which is kind of a paradox because the more you depend on AI to execute important tasks and even make decisions the less you can trust it because you never know if it's hallucinating one thing I really appreciate about the notebook LM team's philosophy is they had from the very earliest prototypes this idea of source grounding what source grounding means is that especially for information that is in the context window that short-term memory that we talked about it's basically not going to hallucinate or very very rarely you can check that it's not hallucinating you can essentially double check the ai's answers by simply clicking one of these little numbers which are the source citations I'm going to go ahead and click on the 16 and it not only opens up the original source which is this YouTube video it takes me to and highlights exactly the point that that came from this is a huge deal you guys you have to be able to trust what the AI is telling you and this new interface with inline citations is a huge step forward for that and finally feature number five let's talk about it for the very first time there is now a paid upgraded version of notebook LM the basic version which is most of what you've seen here is free and I would expect it to remain free most of Google's core tools are free but if you work on a team or a company or organization that wants to use notebook LM it may be worth checking out there's actually three separate ways to get notebook LM Plus either through Google workspace which you may have as part of your company through Google cloud or through Google one which can be purchased individually the pricing depends on exactly how you purchase it but it seems to be something around $20 per month and there's four main things that you get as part of notebook LM plus the first one is an even bigger context window so instead of 25 million words you can have and this is just kind of mindboggling up to 15 million words the only use case I can think of for that is if you're at a company and you want to put in like all of the company's data into a prompt the second thing you get is five times higher usage limits so that means you can create five times more audio overviews and have five times more notebooks again mostly useful if you're working with a lot of other people on a team or in a company the third plus feature is what are called chat modes if you click on this button right here you can give notebook LM certain almost like personalities that it takes on in your interactions so let's say in this conversation you want it to take on the role of an analyst it will become more critical and more analytical or it could be more of a guide almost like a teacher or you can Define your own personality so let's say you wanted to act as a marketing expert or a life coach or a research assistant you can actually Define that and describe it right here in this box and then you can also customize it to make its responses longer or shorter but the fourth and I think by far the most important plus feature is the ability to collaborate within notebook LM think about it have you ever had a particularly interesting interaction with an AI you're getting some real insights and some real New Perspectives and then you think I want to share this there's often not an easy way to do that except copying and pasting things and sending them to people via email or slack or whatever but then you lose all the interaction it's just a static piece of text with plus you could actually get this entire notebook click this share button right here customize the permissions at a welcome note if you'd like and then choose whether you want to share the full notebook with all the sources that you've added with all the customizations with all the notes you saved or you can make it chat only you could give the people on your team or the people who work for you your employees or or even external collaborators the ability to talk with and go back and forth with the essentially custom AI model that you've created without you having to copy and paste stuff once you've decided on the settings all you have to do is click this link right here to copy the link and send it to them and they'll have access via their own free Google notebook LM account overall I would say plus really makes the most sense for people who have adopted notebook LM pretty seriously and are using it with others as part of companies like I said okay I've shared a lot with you so let's take a step back and kind of summarize the big picture here I think the big shift that's happening right now with notebook LM with this much bigger context window is just like a great teacher it's gaining a really fantastic shortterm memory think about how important it is that a great teacher can follow the thread of the topic that it's teaching you a great teacher can reference previous conversations what you just said a few minutes ago they can think into the future and plan out different stages of a curriculum that they're going to be teaching and coaching you through we're living in a time of just incredibly Fast Change in no small part because of AI but if there's one thing that I can say for certain it's that we're all going to have to learn much faster and much more often having an AI powerered worldclass teacher with a fantastic memory sitting next to you and guiding you through this unpredictable landscape is just a world changing and even life changing phenomenon that we all now have access to if anything that I covered resonated I encourage you to create a free account at notebook lm. goole.com and let me know what you think