hello Learners and Welcome to our first video about organic chemistry before we get started I wanted to remind you of some things that could be helpful to your learning process which basically are the pre-lecture Improv information okay um section and so that means when you click the day of the week you will see the lecture is broken down into three parts pre-lecture lecture and post lecture the pre-lecture section where I want you to focus on now and I'm hoping that you spend some time to complete to really get your brain warmed out to learn so that means that you're going to complete the one pager here like the concept math to orient your brain and that also means you're going to riew previous information if needed that means you review a concept or complete a practice problem from a concept or you'll do both review and then complete a practice problem the goal though is that the lectures will enhance or add to the pre-lecture information now let's get started organic chemistry is really the key to understanding the building blocks of life materials and countless natural and synthetic compounds we're talking DNA protein paints textiles carbohydrates Plastics gasolines fibers drugs it's endless so as you can see with all those we're talking about really shapes our world this is going to be a very very very brief introduction to what some of you will understand later in an full-blown organic chemistry course right which takes an entire year so when I think of the world myself I think of things in compartments I think of land sea atmosphere and then the living organisms that inhabit those areas and then I also think of the elements that are abundant in each realm so with the sea we have water which improves oxygen with the atmosphere we have oxygen and nitrogen with land we have silicone and oxygen and with living organisms we have carbon and Hy these elements really govern what the world is made of which can mirror elements found in the universe now I always love the stand like oh we're made of the same stuff as the Stars right I always thought that was so cute so that just reminded me of that too two group for a elements we're talking group on the periodic table carbon and silicone form the basis of most natural struction so if we break things into just talking about land and the inhabitants or living organism on land okay we going to be talking about us which is our biological world and then of course rocks minerals land itself land mass which is the geological okay now silicone with this great affinity for oxygen loves to form chains and renss which is also with carbon produ form change and rings but silicone is not stable in being able to bond to itself so instead of just making a bunch of chains in rings of silicone itself it has to form Silicone oxygen silicone Bridges okay so it kind of looks like this silicone oxygen silicone Bridges and these Bridges produce silica and silicat okay and that's going to help us form the basis for most rocks Sands and soils so when you're thinking of silica you're thinking of the gel for preserving Goods you're thinking of crystals like porks for example when you think of silicates you're thinking of PL materials Barnet which is my husband's birthstone Micah Cosmetics M meaning like the powder that comes in cosmetics for example and again all of this actually forms these Bridges here form the basis for this Roth sand and soil so what silicone is to the geological world meaning how you big is is so many materials carbon is to the biological and why is this well carbon has the unusual ability of bonding strongly to itself and when it bonds to itself it actually can make stable coent Bond okay and so not only can It just bond to itself and that's great but it also can form long chain it can form rings from bonding to itself as well and a combination of all these things and that term is that the fact that carbon can caate in catenation is the ability for carbon to bond to itself and form stable branches Rings chains and of course all those things together an organic compound so for us that means that we can have Birds plants flowers insects and so many different organic compounds that are formed to help life be maintained and reproduced okay and since we know Carbon need an aret carbon is gr again form those strong bonds and not just to anything it doesn't just have to bond to itself it's going to bond to other non-metals such as hydrogen nitrogen oxygen sulfur and of course the hogen because of these bonding properties which we'll get into as we go into the videos there are a myriad of carbon compounds like several million are known and that number is going to continue to grow and grow and grow as people continue to discover and among these many compounds are the biomolecules those are the molecules that are responsible for maintaining and reproducing Life as we know it right so we're talking about DNA protein carbohydrates lipid they're made of carbon based compound that's what organic chemistry is all about okay and so we're going to be able to get to understand them and the derivatives meaning like DNA RNA carbohydrates Lial proteins taking carbohydrates and proteins and creating brand new structures I mean organic chemistry allows us to have so much diversity we been Lear that so how do we put it all together well we got to start asking questions we got to ask questions like what is organic chemistry why is it important okay does organic chemistry have anything to do with organic food me we got to kind of get some clar around things nowadays the colloquialisms that we use have become part of our understanding and that can cause a lot more confusion right you can want to ask questions like what is the difference between organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry wait who came up with this stuff where's the history of and finally why is organic chemistry extensive to the world specifically get some example so why is organic chemistry important it's what we're made of folks so what are we made of those biomolecule I was talking nucleic acids see here our DNA and RNA okay proteins you see here which pretty much are amino acids they make up everything in our body I mean from our skin our hair nails Etc um we also have lipids or fats right and we also have carbohydrates makes up a lot of our energy that the brain needs quick energy okay quick sugars that the grains you're going to need we're also made of vitamins hormones enzymes metabolites neurotransmitters all organic compounds that have the same thing in common they're made of different Arrangements of carbon boom and what's carbon attached to so let's go ahead and look at some of the details now we're going to learn about how to actually read stuff out here especially with things that are just in straight chains um when it gets to more and more Rings you won't have to be responsible for knowing how to name these rings you'll learn about those in organic chemistry so just keep that in mind as well okay what if I told you that each Little Dot here is going to represent a carbon atom we'll learn about this later okay each Little Dot is going to represent a carbon atom and so that means we have loads of carbon atoms here loads of carbon atoms are part of here here everywhere right and so each of these particular biomolecules all have that in common they have these chains or rings of these carbon atoms okay because carbon can form all these branches and Rings because that catenation we were talking about it can come in so many diversity um there so much diversity right in different structures and functions and forms as you can see here they all look very different but they have that common basic okay so we definitely are going to be learning about how carbon is able to make these bonds and then going further to learn about some of the organic chemicals that are basically normal to us and what I mean by normal to us is some that we're going to be using a lot in our Force to help with like naming and stuff like that we'll get into detail involved what you're actually seeing here is called skeletal structure okay it's basically a way for us to show carbon carbon boming carbon being attached to carbon right and without any hydrogen bonds attached just to make it easier easier to write and cleaner to see for oric and we're going to learn about how to see orics as we go along as well so technically yes we know that carbon um is going to form in various Chang in branches like we talked before we know it's going to have four bonds or up to four bonds that it can actually create now I'm just taking that from our table and just our understanding of carbon making up to four bonds right but what else do we see here we also see that carbon is not just bonded to carbon itself or maybe um hydrogen to be able to get octet you can see a hydrogen and potentially be a hydrogen here it's also bonded to oxygen here and bonded to nitrogen sulfur and so that means that these molecules these biom molecules that we're made of in our life have the ability these car have the ability to have carbon repeats of carbon carbon carbon carbon bonds carbon hydrogen bonds and bonds with other things and still remain stable still be able to maintain life so that's pretty much amazing to do we're going to be getting into details about why that's so amazing and actually start learning like a organic chemistry and get into all the little details or as much as we can for a brief introduction right and get into as many details as possible about this potion the one thing is true among all these compounds okay and let's just talk about this first you see it says monomer and then polymer mono means one poly means many so that means um carbon yes it can bond to itself but it's also so amazing because it has the ability to be very modular it mean you can take pieces of things that it creates a piece of the Ring can attach them to them okay so monomer is going to be a piece and a polymer is many of those repeated pieces um in even more diverse pattern okay just keep that in mind as well but I do want to make this clear from all these compounds we know they're made of carbon carbon Bond right but one thing that's for sure all of them have carbon hydrogen B so when it comes to organic compounds and we start to like Orient our mind about around all this we need to make sure we're understanding that organic compounds are made up of carbon hydrogen bonds we have to have at least one carbon hydrogen bond in order for it to be arandic comp okay and these organic compounds can come together to form a diversity of an array of molecules that are necessary for Life here's the general sale from biology um the lipids that you see here the fatty acids they make up the fosol liid bilayer okay carbohydrates are needed for energy just for your brain and Fuel and also just needed to basically create a lot of Transport on the outside for cell communication and a lot of Transport the inside of the actual cell as well we have nucleotides which of course give the genetic material um from the nucleus to help produce different proteins that do different things make the eyes make the hair make the nails right and then of course we have amino acids that are made in good old ribosomes that are like our protein houses that help us of course build proteins out so again repeated units coming together to create new structures all this is going to help us kind of Orient our brain around what is organic chemistry about right okay so just by looking at and and thinking about what we're talking about we can have what's called a flash card moment a flashcard moment is just simply a chance to create a flash card and stay active in the lecture itself and so what we want to do is try to come up with a general definition for organic chemistry what do we know about organic chemistry we know Carbon can make can bond to itself it can bond to hydrogen it can bond to other oxygen sulfur nitrogens okay it's a non-metals you Al also can bond to halogens as well okay I'm going to add that in and we also know that it must have at least a carbon hydrogen bond so what we can do is basically make a definition for organic hry ourselves right now let's go ahead and do that so let's try to put that all together again have this little moment to stop ourselves and write out okay organic chemistry I know it's a study of compounds you know those organic compounds right um and what are those compounds composed of so I'll say study of compounds composed primarily okay carbon down okay so primarily composed of carbon hydrogen often combined with oxygen nitrogen sulfur and hogen you also can even add more here and just say non-metals but the goal is to kind of just write down everything that you can think of and then put it together you have to edit it right so that means just making sure that you come up with something in your own words that's going to help you just Orient your brain about um a definition for organic chemistry for yourself that's it okay so again slash card in the front could be organic chemistry on the back could be a definition in your own words all right folks see you in the next video