Overview
This lecture covers essential renal system drugs, focusing on urinary antispasmodics and various types of diuretics, their mechanisms, uses, and key considerations.
Urinary Antispasmodics
- Used to manage overactive bladder symptoms.
- Examples: Tolteridine (Detrol LA), sulafenicin (Vesicare), darfenicin (Enablex).
- Work by reducing bladder contractions and urgency to urinate.
Diuretics
Loop Diuretics
- Example: Furosemide (Lasix).
- Treat edema and hypertension by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
- Increase urine output and reduce fluid overload.
- Side effects include hyponatremia (low sodium) and hypotension (low blood pressure).
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
- Example: Triamterene (Diureneum).
- Also manage edema and hypertension.
- Block sodium channels in the distal tubule, reducing sodium reabsorption and preventing potassium loss.
- Help maintain electrolyte balance.
Thiazide Diuretics
- Examples: Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide, Acidrix), combination with triamterene (Diazide, Maxide).
- Used for hypertension and edema.
- Inhibit sodium reabsorption, increase urine output, and lower blood pressure.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Overactive Bladder — a condition causing sudden urge to urinate and potential leakage.
- Edema — swelling caused by excess fluid in tissues.
- Hypertension — high blood pressure.
- Loop of Henle — part of the nephron involved in filtering and reabsorbing substances in the kidney.
- Hyponatremia — low sodium levels in the blood.
- Hypotension — low blood pressure.
- Distal Tubule — section of nephron where further reabsorption occurs.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review handouts and flashcards on renal system drugs.
- Focus on drug mechanisms, uses, and key side effects.