[Music] the history of the united kingdom centers around king and parliament for king who had great power a council was nothing more than a means to seek taxation but as it gained authority and rights it came to possess strong supremacy as parliament the origin of parliament goes back to the time of king john king john who had lost his lands on the continent due to his mismanagement summoned a council to raise money for his deteriorating finances the council in turn reacted by imposing magna carta or great charter on king john the charter established that king must obtain parliament's approval before levying any new taxes for the first time in the history of england this principle however was often violated henry iii king john's son and successor unilaterally slapped a new tax to regain his lands on the continent it sparked a backlash from the nobility resulting in the opening of simone de montfort's parliament as parliament included representatives from the counties and towns it was regarded as the first english representative parliament the next heir to the throne was edward the first with the main aim of unifying the island of britain edward the first called parliament to raise money through taxation the parliament of this period was called model parliament where emerging powers such as the gentry began to be included it led to the division of parliament into the house of lords and the house of commons so parliament became more institutionalized and powerful however the authority dwindled with the fall of the feudal lords due to the wars of 100 years and the roses and the authority was to be concentrated back to the crown during this process the divine right of kings theory emerged it was a doctrine that king's authority was given by god so that rebellion was unacceptable the assertion deepened the conflict between king and parliament when king charles the first was enthroned parliament presented the petition of right demanding a ban on taxation without the consent of parliament and other rights of its subjects but charles the first ignored it and dissolved the parliament also he oppressed puritans which generated massive protests when riots broke out in scotland charles the first demanded funds from parliament to suppress the rebellion it divided the subjects into supporters of the king [Music] and the parliament and developed into the english civil war as a result charles the first was executed and the puritan cromwell came to power after overthrowing the monarch cromwell declared a commonwealth when the parliament was filled with his supporters he severely suppressed those who demanded equal elections because he set up a dictatorship based on military power as lord protector support from the people did not last long when the dictatorship collapsed after cromwell's death parliament approved the restoration of the monarchy still confrontations between king and parliament continued and triggered a revolution the newly installed king another upholder of the divine right of kings was a staunch believer in catholicism which conflicted with the church of england this led to the glorious revolution that significantly changed the political system in england parliament expelled the catholic king james ii and invited protestant mary ii [Music] and william iii from the netherlands to be the new monarchs and had them approve an act called the bill of rights this included the appointment and dismissal of the crowns thus establishing principles of a modern constitutional monarchy [Music] thank you for watching