You are about to enter into a novel dimension where you could get a glimpse of the past and you need to be careful not to leave traces of disinterest, misconceptions, and disrespect to every station or charrette you might encounter. The promo begins in 3, 2, 1. Welcome to the Briefing Station Travelers of Literature. where you will be fueled with the things you need before going further. This is your Azure One, Maria Eliza Delugar.
To start, let us know first the historical background of the Philippines during American regime. The Filipino revolution is one against the Spaniards who colonized us for more than 300 years. Our flag was hoisted on June 12, 1898 as a symbol of our independence.
General Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as the first president of the Philippine Republic, but this was short-lived. The Filipino-American was resulted in the defeat of General Miguel Malvar in 1903. The Pisan movement started as early as 1900, many Filipinos started writing again, and the nationalists of the people remain undaunted. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature just like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels.
Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for independence. The active arousal in the field of literature started to be felt in the following newspaper. The El Nuevo Dia or The New Day. It is established by Sergio Esmeña in 1900. The El Greto del Pueblo or The Call of the Nation.
It is established by Pascua Poblete. And the El Renacimiento or the River, founded by Rafael Palma in 1900. There are also plays written included here were the following. Nakahapon Ngayon at Bukas, written by Aurelio Tolentino.
The Tanikalang Ginto of Juan Abad. Malaya by Thomas Remejeo. And Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes. Opening of public school education became very important issue for the United States colonial government since it allowed it to spread their cultural values particularly the English language to the Filipino people.
By 1901 the public education was institutionalized in the Philippines with English serving medium of the instruction. The Philippine Normal University in 1901 in the normal school throughout the country such as Siliman University in Dumaguete City was the first American private school to be founded in the country. The Central Philippine University is the second private American school and first Baptist university in Asia. We also have here Negres Oriental High School, St. Paul University, Dumaguete, Cebu Normal School, Philamer Christian University, Iloilo Normal School, Zamboanga Normal School, National University, University of Manila, Philippine Women's University, Far Eastern University, and lastly the University of the Philippines.
Welcome to the Loading Station, Travelers of Literature, where you will be loaded with additional features of the promo by exploring deeper. This is your second Azure Isabel Sobordo. Let's proceed to the features of Philippine literature under the American regime. Spanish and Tagalog and the vernaculars were the languages used in writings during the first years in American period.
But Spanish and Tagalog were the predominated language. In 1910, a new group started to write in English, hence Spanish, Tagalog, the vernaculars, and finally English were the mediums used in literature during these times. So we have here the influences of Americans, schools, new education system, cleanliness in hygiene, English language, politics, and freedom of speech. Next is the characteristics of literature during this period.
Let's start with the literature in Spanish. Cecilio Apostol wrote Arizal and it considered the best poems in praise of the hero of Bagumbayan. Fernando Maria Guerrero, he collected the best of his poem in a book called Grisalidas.
And one of the poems written in this book was Invocacion a Rizar. Jesus Balmori, well known for his pen name Batikuling, he and Manuel Bernabe participated in a debate on the topic Remembrance and Forgetfulness. He was elected Poet Laureate and Spanish besting Manuel Bernabe. Manuel Bernabe is a lyric poet. He was more attractive to the public.
In a debate with Balmori because of the melodious words he used, he defended Oviedo. Claro M. Recto, he collected his poems in a book entitled Bajo Los Cocoteros, one of the most famous poems of the time. One of his writings dedicated to Rizal is Ante el Martir.
Let's proceed to the other writers in Spanish. The first one is Adelina Guerrero who was the first woman poet in the Philippines who was good in Spanish. She obtained the Nobel Prize in her El Nido.
The second one is Isidro Marporre became famous for his four books entitled Aroma de Insueno. And the third one is Macario Adriatico who wrote The Legend of Mindoro entitled Lapunta de Salto and the fourth one is Epifanio de los Santos. Let's proceed to the Filipino literature.
The first one is Lopeque Santos which is the father of national language grammar. He was also called the apple of the Tagalog writers and Banaag and Sikat was his masterpiece. The second one is Jose Corazon de Jesus known as Jose Batote. He was also called the poet of love in his time.
Agisang Punungkavoy and Elegy is believed to be the first of the five to be his masterpiece. The third one is Armando V. Hernandez, who was the poet of the laborers, and his masterpiece is Ang Panday. The fourth one is Valeriano Hernandez Pena, also known as Tandang Anong. He considers Nena at Nening his masterpiece.
The fifth one is Inigo Edrigalado, a popular storyteller, novelist, and newspaper man. He reached the peak of his success by the stomp of his pen. Welcome to the Absorbing Station, Travelers of Literature, where you will be exposed to understanding pieces of a whole. This is your usher number three, Keisha Alcantara.
To trace the beginnings of Philippine literature... English with the coming of the Americans the period is divided into three time frames namely the period of reorientation from 1898 to 1910 the period of reorientation covers the early years of the American period and the landing of the Americans to Philippine shores, including the Philippine-American War. Even during the war, the Americans established a public school system in areas that have been pacified. English language as a literary vehicle came with the American occupation on August 13, 1890, and as they say, a choice bestowed on us by history. By 1900, English came to be used as a medium of communication.
of instruction in the public schools. The first English teachers were the American soldiers stationed in various areas. Later on, the professional teachers arrived via US Army transport ship USS Thomas, hence these pioneering teachers were called Thomasites. By 1908, the primary and intermediate grades were using English.
It was also about this time when UP was a forerunner in the use of English in higher education. was founded. There were not much of literary works produced during this period as Filipino writers were still adjusting to the idea of democracy, the new phraseology of the English language, and the standards of the English literary style. Here are some of the famous literary works during this period. The Periodicals El Renacimiento, this became the most famous Spanish-language Filipino newspaper, which was brilliantly written but obsessed with the micro-politics of the period.
It became the object of several libel suits from American officials. This was established in Manila, and its first issue came out on September 1, 1901 with Rafael Palma as editor. Philippine Free Press The Periodicals founded by R.
McCullough, Dick, and Dee. Theo Rogers was the first privately owned publication to publish English works of Filipino writers. They pay the Filipino writers when their work is chosen to be published. The Philippines'oldest weekly English language, Beryanical, is currently still in print. Now let's talk about the famous poetry in this period.
Number one is the Sorsum Cordo or Sorsum Corta written by Giusto Giuliano and was published in El Renacimiento in 1907. This was the first work to be published in English, which means Lift Up Your Hearts or Hearts Lifted. Number two is My Mother and Air Castles, both written by Juan E. Salazar in 1909. Number three is To My Lady in Lawag, written by Processor Sebastian. The period of imitation from 1910 to 1925. By 1919, the UP Congress Folio published the literary compositions of the first Filipino writers in English.
They were the pioneers in short story writing. They were then ...poping their way into imitating American and British models which resulted in a stilted, artificial and unnatural style, lacking vitality and spontaneity. Period of self-discovery from 1925 to 19... By this time Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing. They now confidently and competently wrote on a lot of subjects, although the all-time favorites of love and youth persisted.
They went into all forms of writing like the novel and the drama. Now here are the types of literature in the Philippines during American occupation. Number one, poetry.
Noteworthy names in this field, they wrote in free verse, in odes, in sonnets, and in other types. Poetry was original. spontaneous, competently written, and later incorporated social consciousness. Number two, short story. From 1925 to 1941, poetry and short stories flourished during these times.
Number three, complication. The Philippine Free Press provided the first incentives to Filipino writers in English by offering prizes to worthwhile contributions. Other publications followed suit. Number 4. The Drama. From 1925 to 1941, drama during this period did not reach the heights attained by the novel or the short story.
Welcome to the learning station, Travelers of Literature, where you are now bound to deepen your takeaways. This is your answer for Irica Sepenza. At this point, you will be exposed with some of the Filipino writers during American period.
American period is one of the turning points which made our Philippine literary tradition colorful and interesting. This period witnessed a dramatic flowering of the Philippine literature considering the sheer volume of works produced, the ringing of names, names etched on the Philippine literary pantheon, as well as the introduction and development of new literary genres as genuine additions to the already rich Philippine literary tradition. Majority among the Filipinos were beginning to read and write.
Most of them started to read and became informed of what is happening around. As a result, more and more Filipinos became writers, poets, and dramatists. Francisco Baligtas Baltazar's epic poem Florante at Laura and Father Modesto de Castro's social novel or Urbana at Feliza became the inspirations of Filipino-Tagalog writers. Some of the more popular writers during this period were Lupe K. Santos.
He was a novelist, poet, author, and grammarian. He was called Apu of the Tagalog writers. He was dubbed as Amano Maralang Filipino or Federer of National Language Grammar. The Novel Novel Banaagat Sikat was his masterpiece. Meanwhile, Jose Corazon de Jesus was also known as Jose Batute.
He was deemed as Makatan ng Pag-ibig. He wrote the nationalistic poem Bayan Ko and Isang Punong Kahoy. An Elegy was his masterpiece.
Meanwhile, Amado V. Hernandez was crowned as Makatan ng Mga Manggagawa because his poems revolve on the lives of city laborers. He wrote the poems Isang Dipang Langit, and Isang Dipang Langit. Bayang Malaya and Munting Lupa while being incarcerated in the Munting Lupa jail because of his involvement in the labor riots.
The famous poem Ang Panday was his masterpiece. Meanwhile, Valeriano Hernandez Peña was popularly known as Tandang Anong. He used Kutil Butil as his pen name. The novel Nena at Nening was his masterpiece. Meanwhile, Iniego Edriga Lado was son of Odelaguer, a popular writer during Spanish period.
He was a popular storyteller, novelist, and newspaper man during the American period. In the Filipino-Tagalog poetry, more and more Filipinos started using the pen to share their sentiments and emotions. This was being inspired by the propagandist and originalist writers and poets.
A lot of Filipino poets emerged during this period. Hence, Julian Cruz Balsemera, a popular writer, dramatist, and critic, classified these poets based on the poems that he wrote. They are classified as Poets of the Heart, Mga Makata ng Pag-ibig, Poets of Life, Mga Makata ng Buhay, and Poets of the Stage, Mga Makata ng Intablado. Poets of Heart include Lupe K. Santos, Inigo Edrigalado, Carlos Gatmaitan, Pedro Gatmaitan, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Cirillo Panganiban, Diogracias del Rosario, El Defonso Santos, Amado V. Hernandez, Dimesio Carbana, and more Antonio. Poets of life include Lupe K. Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino Colantes, Patricio Mariano, Carlos Gatmaitan, and Amado V. Hernandez.
Poets of the stage include Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes and Thomas Remedio In Filipino-Tagalog short story, the emergence of English short story was instrumental in the development of this literary genre called Maikling Kwento, or simply referred to as the Glee since they can be read in one sitting. Short stories began to appear in Pansandali ang Libaman or Short-Time Leisure and the Glee as fast columns. Popular short story writers include Lupe K. Santos, Patricio Mariano, and Rosauro Almario. In Liwayway, a popular weekly publication who published short stories were the names of Diogracias Rosario, Teodor Henner, and Cirillo H. Panganiban. In Filipino-Tagalog drama, the American period as a lot of changes began to unravel.
Almost all literary genres were affected with the coming of the Americans and the English language. However, there are still Filipino men of letters who wanted to use Tagalog medium and sought to improve various literatures using it. In Tagalog drama, Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan criticized the Spanish Moromoro and showed that dramas can be powerful vehicles for propagation of Filipino values for the audiences.
Aside from these values, these dramas were existently used as a way to promote national exam as well. The popular dramatist during this period include Severino Reyes. He was called as the fetter of Tagalog drama.
His immortal play, Walang Suga, was his masterpiece. Meanwhile, Aurelio Tolentino was deemed as the fetter of Kabampangan drama. His work, Luhang Tagalog. was his masterpiece and his Napon, Ngene at Bukas was a transition of his other masterpiece Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas.
Hermogenius Ilagan on the other hand was a dramatist who founded the group Campaña Ilagan presenting many dramas in Central Luzon while Patricio Mariano wrote the play entitled Ninay and his masterpiece was Anak ng Dagat. And Julian Cruz Balsameta was a playwright who wrote Bungangan ng Pati. Aside from the flowering of Spanish, Filipino, and English languages as literary media, several vernacular writers and poets gained popularity in their respective localities. Thus, vernacular poetry paved the way. Let us take a look at some of them.
In Ilokan ng Poetry, Pedro Bucaneg was deemed as the father of Ilocano literature. The Ilocano Bucanigan was the Ilocano form of Balagtasan, which was periodically held to honor his name. Claro Caluya, meanwhile, was the prince of Ilocano poets. Leon Pichay, on the other hand, was crowned as the best Bucaneguero. He was a poet, short story writer, dramatist, and the SES.
While in Kapampangan poetry, Juan Crisostomo Soto was called as the father of Kapampangan literature. The Crisotano is the Kapampangan form of Balagtasan, held in his honor. Aurelio Tolentino meanwhile was a dramatist, and his Napon, Nene, at Bukas was transition of his masterpiece Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas.
And in Visayan poetry, our very own, we have Heriberto Gumban Was dubbed as the father of Visayan literature, he wrote a number of zarzuela, moro-moro, and plays in Visayan language. Magdalena Halandoni, on the other hand, was a notable female novelist who wrote Ang Mga Tunok San Isa Kabulaklak. That ends your exploration in the Learning Station.
Welcome to the Deporture Station, Travelers of Literature, where a few moments from now, your promo will expire. But let this make your experience worthwhile. This is your usher number 5, Burden Cherie Nicole.
Three groups of writers in Spanish. The writers in Spanish were accustomed to write nationalism like Andre Rizal and other heroes. Some prominent writers during this era are Cecilio Augusto, Fernando Maria de Guerrero, Jesus Balmore, Manuel Bernabe, and the famous Claro El Reino. Cecilio Apuson with Benet Catuno.
His famous masterpiece is a result. His poems were used to teach Spanish language during 1881. Next one is Fernando Guerrero. On the other hand, he is known with his Crescentitas. And he is known to be the prince of Filipino lyrics for Western Spanish. The third one is, be known as Claro and Preto, who is famous for he is the father of the Philippine Constitution.
Next one is, the hero, Baron dos Pocotiros. which is published last 1911. Another writer is that known as Jesus Manlore, with a pen name Batikote, received the Pregozodelo Award for contributions to the Philippine literature. He wrote Mikasa de Mipa and La Mechuza de Mipa, which made him a poet laureate in Spanish. Lastly, we have Manuel Bernabe, who is renowned to be...
the King of Balagas in Spanish, translated the piece Rubia by Omar Hayam in Spanish. Three groups of writers in English. The writers in English annotated the themes and methods of the Americans.
The period of orientation in 1898 to 1910, wherein the period of imitation as well in 1910 to 1925, and the period of self-discovery in 1910 to 1925. 1925 to 1941. So we are going to discuss the following in my next report. The first essay is known to be scholarly characterized by sovereignty, substance, and structure. Political, social, reflective essays, critical essays, personal or familiar essays, comics, Peter Romano, Vicente Hilario, George Mopoho, and Mauro Mendez are known to be writers of essays during that time.
Next, we have informal essays wherein works are spiced with humor, and satire. Those known are Ignacio Madalapaz, Ferdinand Malahas, Francisco Villacasiano, Gordredo River Salvador, Pio Lopez, Jose Lanzang, and Amando G. Dyring. So they are the famous writers of informal essays during that time.
So we have the famous writer Paz Marquez Benitez who is the first Filipino modern English language who is a writer of short stories. One of the founders of the Philippine Women's Colleague and he wrote The Death Star in 1925. Next writer is Celio Gano. He wrote The Child of Sorrow in 1921 and became the first Philippine novel written in English. He also wrote Nanya in 1929 and Encyclopedia of the Philippines in 1997. He wrote Filipino Encyclopedia and became the first English language Filipino Nick Bukin won the Republican Cultural Heritage Award in 1961 as well as the National Artist of the Philippines for Literature in 1976. The most important Filipino writer in English, having awarded to him, Winner Dependent, he had him in the book. He also wrote The May Day Keep in 1947, The Woman in Perfect Two Novels in 1961, and A Portrait of the Artist as a Filipino in 1967. as well as the Summer's Holstis in 1971. Next is Manuel de Arguella.
He wrote How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife in 1914, as well as the epilogue Directo Nacelesh. in 1936 and the Republic Cultural Heritage Award in 1972 had been awarded to him. M.D.M. Gonzalez received the Palabra Memorial Award for Literature. as well as the Norshino Artist Award for Literature in 1997. He also received Centennial Award for Literature in 1998 and, known for being the Queen of April Memories, serves as the Caesar of Great Children. of the Ash.
She also covered the boat. Next one is Mr. Carmen Guerrero Navarrio, wherein she received a Lifetime Achievement Award for 2005 for her outstanding achievement in history. I'm into Philippine literature as well as journalism.