[Music] okay so welcome back uh so this is now we are in week two so this will be the first uh lecture video for the week two and today we'll start looking at plastic waste sources so if you remember from the last week uh that week one that we uh covered the five videos I was discussing mostly what is plastic now we'll start getting into what is plastic waste and then uh what are the sources Associated uh like where the sources production Global and Indian statistics in terms of uh how much waste is plastic waste is being produced and uh out of that how much is coming from Indian scenario how much is the global scenario so you will see lots of data in the form of tables mostly in the form of figures you will see most of the datas in the terms of figures so in this week uh uh we will be looking at U uh in terms of in in this particular week we will be talking about sources we're talking about production we're talking about the global and Indian uh statistics associated with that so this is what we'll cover in the entire five videos that will be part of week two and uh so we'll start with looking at sources uh right now and some definitions associated with uh plastic waste like what is plastic waste so to start with uh if you think about when we say waste uh we are looking at uh plastic waste is a component of solid waste Stream So plastic waste is actually part of solid waste so Solid Waste uh some of you may have taken a course from somewhere we also had an nptl course which was uh uh I think offered twice already and maybe next time again it will be offered so it Solid Waste there is a definition very simple example in terms of very simple uh definition for a lay man in terms of solid waste is anything which has no value for for the person who is discarding that particular waste material but there is a legal definition there is a regulatory definition so if I if you go by the legal or the regulatory definition it is defined as it's a non-liquid non-soluble material ranging from Municipal garbage to Industrial Waste that contain complex and sometimes hazardous substances so that's kind of the legal definition or more formal definition for solid waste so but what are what is in there typically you will find paper you find plastic so we are focusing on plastic this is what this course is all about so but this is this course is part this plastic waste is actually part of this big Solid Waste stream so it is nothing it is nothing new as as such when we talk about Solid Waste we did talk about plastic waste a little bit but then why we are talking about plastic waste is a separate course because plastic waste as of today is one of the major concern in terms of uh Waste Management globally and especially those fill plastic thin plastic that I was referring to in the week one as well is creating a lot of environmental problems and we'll be talking about those issues in this week and the week Afters as well because that's kind of the focus looking at the plastic waste but other than plastic which you will have some paper you have food waste animal vegetables you can have e waste we also actually this particular semester we have a parallel course running on ewest which was run this is actually rerun then uh metal waste glass waste ceramic waste medical waste so there is a lot of different types of waste out there plastic waste is one component in which this course is focusing on many times you will have plastic waste in combination of the other W stream so say you go to the vegetable market you go to a restaurant you buy certain uh uh food until very recently many places you will get that in a polythene bag now uh in most many of the Indian States not all but many Indian states have gradually Banning those plastic so you may be getting back in paper bag or some sort of other containers but those plastic bags are used as a storage uh with you go and buy some stuff they will give you that in plastic bag and that plastic when you say you you ate those food for a little bit then you didn't probably didn't like it or you are too full you don't want to finish that food and then you just wrap around the plastic and throw it in the dust bin now there we have this biological waste and plastic waste together so we have to separate it biological waste has to be treated in a different way plastic waste has to be treated in a different way so many times you will see plastic actually in combination of many of the other W stream so that's what I'm trying to emphasize so you will have plastic uh but there will be other voice streams also attached with it and to proper recycling plastic or even to proper recycling those other voice stream we have to separate them we have we have to separate them individually and that is what is known as Source segregation or segre basically that's known as segregation of the waste and if you do it at the source it is called Source segregation which we talked about in the which we usually we talk in great detail in a waste management course and since this is also a plastic Waste Management so we'll so we have to keep this plastic uh free from other was stream to for Effective reuse of that plastic or effective recycling of that plastic if you have lot of other compon components present that is known as contamination contamination although contamination of what contamination of other material other than plastic because here our focus is on treating the plastic getting the plastic making fuel out of that use it in road construction making new Plastic Products out of that if you have other material mixed with that it becomes very difficult to handle so that's why we call them a contamination of other material which should not be present in that uh to make a effective use of plastic so in general if you think about the waste that is produced it kind of ranges from 0.25 to 2.5 it is25 to 2.5 kg per person per day so per person we many time we use the term per capita uh per day so 0.25 this is is uh .25 to 2.5 so this is the range so usually you will see 25 happening mostly in the rural area in the rural area you will have 0.25 very less waste that is produced 2.5 is highly urbanized area and um and highly urbanized as well as I would say very rich neighborhood so it's it will be highly urbanized as well as very rich very rich neighborhood why very rich neighborhood those of you who has taken solid was scores should be able to answer that so but uh just to if you should have the answer because we talked about that in that course as well or any Solid Waste course whether my course or any other course that you have taken so rural areas is still we don't have that much packaging material still we don't have that much Amazon flip cart and other things coming there so it wasted production is much less as we less of packaging material as well not much Mall culture not much packaging when you go to say Spencer or this big bajar and all those is you get a lot of packaging material but as you go in a urban area lot of packaging that's why you see more and more waste being produced and uh that's why the number keeps on going up to around uh maximum of 2.5 that we talked about 2.5 kg per person per day and uh 2.5 is it's pretty high that you typically see in a western World scenario very rich neighborhood not in all Western world as well very rich neighborhood they're wasting too much paper they're wasting all the paper Plastics lot of packaging material uh not much cooking basically at home they're buying lot of uh semi cooked food in those containers and other stuff so that's where you will find 2.5 kg per person per day that's a lot of waste that is being produced in India the value that we have as per uh as per the like what we know as a CP manual is6 kg per person so per person we call it capita per day so that's the value we use in most of the design calculation in the Indian scenario 6 kg per person per day but that's the total waste out of that plastic is typically nowadays showing up some sometime in between 10 to 20% in some places plastic is as high as 20% we were we did some um we are working uh in goti right now uh on Some solid waste management work over there with guati Municipal Corporation so we did very elaborate sampling of uh waste composition again uh whenever we should go for design of any waste management system first thing we should focus on how much waste is produced quantity and what is there in the waste what is the quality of the waste the waste composition and that's very because that's like your blood blood report and urine report say if you if you go to a uh medic doctor and uh you have some problem the first thing that and the problem is not that uh kind of a little bit complicated the first thing the doctor says that go for certain testing blood blood test urine test those are very common test they will ask the doctor will ask you to do similarly if you're looking at the waste management problem for a particular City the first thing you should actually look at is okay how much waste is produced number one number two how much waste is actually uh what what is the Quant what is the type of waste is it mostly biodegradable how much plastic how much paper all those different components that you see over here what are the what is the breakup because different component needs different type of treatment and plastic is one of them so that is very very important so you cannot write as doctor will not write you a good pres a good doctor will not write you a prescription without going through certain test if it's a complicated uh uh scenario similarly a good consultant or a good engineer or a good uh uh professional will not just come up with any design or any proposal for w Waste Management of a City without really understanding what is how much the waste is produced there and what is the type of waste that is produced there so that's very important and that's important for plastic waste as well so when we talk about plastic waste there are variety of plastic if you remember from last week uh that we talked about in those videos if you don't remember go back and uh redo relook at those videos of course you have you must have taken the quiz too which has kind of helps you devise uh those concept so there there are variety of plastic so when we start getting into plastic waste not one uh like there are different categories and they require different kind of they can be potentially reused in different application so we have to now go into whether it's whether it's number one remember that number one through 7 uh which is a p hdp and PP polypropyl those different ldp and different so we have to start looking at different components and sometimes they may be mixed together as well so things starts getting little bit complicated but we'll we'll talk about that we'll go in more detail in the in the class so uh take home message for this particular slide uh we'll we'll talk about this graph in a minute so but uh typically waste is produced uh as a and plastic waste is part of Municipal Solid Waste plastic waste is increasing in a uh in in many cities we see that the component of plastic waste is getting higher and higher as part of Municipal Solid Waste stream and typically if you think about global Solid Waste composition which is shown over here uh this is based on the World Bank report uh this is uh very recently we have a new report out there as well which is known as what was 2.0 and um I will as part of the reading material I will uh uh put that put that uh it's what w 2.0 it just came out it just came out in 2018 so I will uh put this report as well in your uh in the as part of the uh like assignment for reading and I want you to focus on the plastic aspect I'll tell you which I'll in the announcement discussion board will mention that uh Which chapter you need to focus on so there we again they talk about plastic and how the plastic waste is changing uh globally so if you look at in general in terms of um plastic waste composition so in terms of global Solid Waste production if you look at the global Solid Waste production organic is 46% 46% uh of the waste is organic in nature then we have uh uh paper is 177% plastic is 10% glass 5% metal 4% others 18% so right now in and this 10% was in 2012 so now this number actually is kind of inching towards 20% lot of increase so nearly plastic has doubled in last 10 years that's what uh just yesterday I was reading a report from Ireland where uh uh they have Ireland EPA has published a report where they documented that actually plastic waste has doubled uh similarly uh it's it's plastic waste as you can go around and see the waste is streaming India uh you saw you will see that there is a substantial amount of plastic present now different types of plastic together but there is substantial amount of plastic but so the number was 10% but now uh there is a increase in number we are seeing a numbers going up it's around 15 20% Which I'll show you uh in subsequent U uh weeks when we talk about that as well so this is a typical waste composition out of that plastic is a significant portion and we are in this particular week or this particular course we will be focusing on the plastic waste now we talked about Solid Waste plastic waste is subset of solid waste now let's talk about what is plastic waste now plastic waste is essentially as the as is accumulation of plastic objects in the Earth's environment which is adversely affecting wildlife habitats environmental issues groundwater pollution surface water pollution groundw not that much surface water marine uh marine marine environment um uh human health you have uh these days uh we have a separate uh week just focusing on human environmental health but just so we are seeing lots of plastic in uh o ocean which is getting into the fish plastic from surface water getting into the fish body and we are those of us who consume fish uh can get exposed recent Studies have also shown that Plastics are sewing up in salt like we cannot have any food isn't it we need salt pretty much in most of the food that we eat other than uh sweet sweet stuff so salt is getting microplastic because a source of salt many times is the is our sea and there microplastics are sewing up like very very tiny plastic which is really nasty nasty stuff not good for our body but it is sewing up in uh in the salt as well so we we will talk about those uh uh reports in in coming weeks so plastic waste what is the if you have to Define plastic waste it's a it's the accumulation of plastic objects in the Earth's environment that adversely affects the wildlife habitats and humans and then we can add there are a lot of other stuff in there as well like not only wildlife habitats and humans also the environment uh and other species out there so there are different typ so when we talk about plastic there are some microplastic which is actually small based on the particle size we have mesoplastic or macro deis mesro or macro debris based on size so micro is considered more dangerous that's why you hear many times that ban on plastic is actually on thinner plastic single us plastic thin film plastic that's what would being banned because when it's kind of disintegrates gets into a smaller a smaller particle size it becomes uh bad for the environment so right now it's it's regarded more as an aesthetic nuisance than a hazard since the material is biologically quite iner it is biologically iner it doesn't creates doesn't probably plastic was designed to be biologically inert so it is biologically iner but at the same time plastic uh in we don't want plastic in food we don't want plastic in our water we don't want plastic in our salt so big plastic has certain toxicity associated with that as well so we'll uh we we'll we'll be looking at those aspect so the main disadvantage is the Seer amount it it does not decompose it takes there are uh average plastic takes more than 500 years to decompose so plastic is a problem that way it does not decompose very easily it takes very very long time uh to decompose and that becomes an issue so in terms of plastic where the where from the plastic waste is coming in the previous slide I showed you as part of the municipal Solid Waste what are the different components now in this uh the plastic waste what are the sources of plastic waste uh where the sources are coming from packaging that's a big big problem today and that problem is not going to go away unfortunately because we may replace the material other than using we may probably use some other material but the packaging uh the way our lifestyle has become where we are uh everybody is so busy we are ordering a lot of stuff online and uh even if you go to mall and other places lots of packaging uh so packaging is you guys you can see 63% of uh uh plastic waste is actually coming from packaging so that's that's a lot of plastic in packaging industry building and construction industry around 6% Automotive 5% Electronics w e is the electronic waste waste electronics and uh uh Electrical Products housewares leers and the Sports Products 3% agriculture another 5% uh Furnitures which Furnitures and some other items is in 13% so if you look at packaging compared to the others is the difference is more than like around 50% so it's the packaging industry that is producing most and most of plastic as we saw in the previous week and is this these are producing more and more plastic waste as well so a lot of plastic is coming from the packaging uh of the material of the packaging uh waste uh uh that is generated and packaging waste is generated very fast say you ordered something uh on Amazon or flip cart the amount that product comes to you you just take your you ordered a nice cell phone and then you you took your cell you took the cell phone and rest off all the material that it came with it with lots of Plastics in there cardboards and other stuff it just gets dumped so the uh the packaging material is uh it becomes waste in a much there is self life of packaging material is very very low so that's what I'm trying to say and that's it creates lots of volume of course we can recycle them and it should be recycled so that things uh does not comes in the west stream the problem especially in the western world or even in the Indian contest now is that there's lot of legality legal issues out there so packaging material once used if it's used again if something happens to the product if the because many of the products when it's packaged like that it is the packaging is needed that way to keep the product safe during the transportation before it reaches your hand or before it gets delivered to a factory so if uh if they start using this recycled stuff and somehow if the that product qual that packaging product quality was compromised people are afraid to take the legal uh uh to like a uh legal blame for that because that may lead to a lot of uh uh like a financial loss so what what to be on the safer side every time they will go for the newer material newer material which is clean which is is not contaminated so that's why you start seeing many many waste come coming from this packaging stuff so sources uh where it is coming from you probably got some idea already uh in the last uh uh two slides so in terms of the sources so basically where the waste is coming from Municipal you saw as part of the municipal waste plastic was around 10% uh 7 years ago and as as I told you the number is increasing number actually is going a little bit higher now so but the municipal sources which includes residential markets commercial establishment hotels uh hospitals then hospitals biomedical biomedical waste has a lot of plastic there as well now then distribution and Industrial sources all the packaging material which includes food and chemical Industries packaging films those are your distribution and Industrial sources and there are other sources like Automotive agricultural waste fishing and fishing sipping construction Dees and some more uh you will see the will can you can come up with other categories out there as well so there where most of the plastic waste is generated so where these are the stuff where we get most of the plastic waste coming into our environment so again uh and then where they are typically end up so if you look at uh uh plastic uh waste coming into the environment and if you think about what is how they are happening so here is a small kind of a flowchart trying to explain that so we what we have tried to uh distinguish here is in terms of plastic sources a primary source and a secondary source now from the primary source we already talked about Municipal Source distribution and Industrial Source and other sources just now in the previous slide now from the municipal Source it leads to land lit it can can also leads to micro you will have some micro beads you can have some Inland water liter uh liters you can have some Marine litter so those all these things are possible from your Municipal sources distribution and Industrial Source again you can have some Inland L and Industrial leakages other sources basically all pretty much everything is possible from uh from other sources as well now once these plastic uh stuff get into the environment and it starts degrading degrading when you're talking about we're not talking about the bi biodegradation we're talking about just breaking it down it it get gets broken down into smaller pieces it leads to what is known as microplastics so microplastics are formed during the degradation and fragmentation of uh uh these different types of plastic so microplastics are very very tiny particles which can move very easily which is what sews up in uh in uh like a salt and other stuff which uh gets into the water and even there are studies now which has said that microplastics are even there in the air so even in the air the microplastics are available so it's not uh so what Plastics are sewing up in water Plastics are sewing up in land Plastics are sewing up in air so that's the reason why mment around the world is really looking at plastic waste in a very very critical way as of today and that was kind of the motivation for doing this course because as as I told you earlier there's no textbook for this course so hopefully uh by the end of this course uh we will try I'll probably try to if we can have one uh but uh it's it's a it's a challenging because there are a lot of information out there but there is no uh uh as as those of you who are taking this course I again I strongly encourages you look for newer information share it on discussion board this will really be this will be a unique course that you have ever taken in your life where you you are teaching the instructor and we we all are learning together it will really be fun uh where I want the discussion board to be really Lively uh where please uh post stuff whatever new stuff that you find Google go on different stuff and then what see if we miss something in this particular course we are missing in certain top topics please compliment we are trying our best not to M anything significant but just in case if there is something please do that so in this particular video what we tried to do we were we were looking at sources of plastic waste so we started first with defining what is waste and from the waste what what are the different categories of waste different compon components of waste then we talk little bit about the municipal solid waste and uh what is the typical generation rate and how much of that is plastic then we started looking okay plastic is around 10% was there around 7 8 years ago now as I said told you that it is kind of going towards 20% now this 20% plastic is coming from where So 20% plastic out of the total Municipal was history so this 20% plastic is what is the source of this 20 20% plastic and what we found it was Major chunk is coming from packaging industry so we had the packaging industry which was the major chunk and there were others the construction Agricultural and U there were other sources out there but the electrical biomedical applications so Plastics is used in different applications but the packaging industry was close to 65% I think 63% to be precise and uh and then if in terms of the sources uh there are uh so you we have Municipal Source we have distribution and electrical source we have some other sources and they are leading to uh land liter Inland water liter industrial leakage Mar liter which we talk about uh in detail as well and when the things starts breaking down they make microplastics and this microplastics are something which we nearly need to be worried about in terms of managing that in the environment because it has the it gets into the water stream it gets into Air Stream and it gets into uh land it's land like soil as well so it can have different spheres it can have an impact and since plastic is totally man-made material it's not a natural material so natur the Mother Earth does not really know how to deal with it Although our uh biota is kind of trying to get adjusted there are some bacterias out there which even started degrading plastic because they have to kind of survive it's always uh you adapt to the condition so but at the same time uh since they don't degrade they just gets broken down gets dig into tiny pieces uh it kind of gets into the food chain it also get through either water air and maybe through soil as well and it contains several chemicals which we don't which certain which has certain uh like a harmful effect so so that's kind of uh the the different aspect of uh source and distribution we'll continue this discussion in our next video as well where uh we'll look at uh further in terms of the source distribution as well as the global and Indian contest so again thank you uh for uh taking this course I hope you are enjoying it let us know if you are not and we'll try to fix if there is anything we can do but at the same time uh please uh put your questions on the discussion board we will be very happy to answer actually we want the discussion board to be very H very active where we can uh have a com like a back and forth discussion and of course we'll have some of the live session as well as part of this course so thank you and uh again I'll see you in the next uh video