Key Points on Musculoskeletal Function

Nov 13, 2024

Lecture Notes: Musculoskeletal Function

Introduction

  • Lecturer: Dr. DeChaveau
  • Topic: Musculoskeletal Function
  • Focus: Fundamentals of the musculoskeletal system, anatomy, and basic physiology.

Overview

  • The musculoskeletal system includes skeletal muscles, bones, and joints.
  • Muscle Types:
    • Skeletal Muscles: Voluntary muscles that move the body.
    • Tendons and Ligaments:
      • Tendons connect muscle to bone.
      • Ligaments connect bone to bone.
    • Other connective tissues include Aponeurosis.

Functions of the Musculoskeletal System

  • Movement and support of the body.
  • Protection of internal organs.
  • Storage of calcium and minerals (phosphorus, magnesium).
  • Site for hematopoiesis (creation of red and white blood cells).

Anatomy Basics

Skull and Jaw Bones

  • Frontal: Front of skull.
  • Parietal: Top of skull.
  • Temporal: Near the ear.
  • Maxilla: Upper jaw and cheekbone.
  • Mandible: Lower jaw.

Shoulder Girdle

  • Clavicle: Collarbone.
  • Scapula: Shoulder blade.
  • Humerus, Radius, Ulna: Arm bones.
  • Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges: Wrist and hand bones.
  • Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula: Leg bones.

Pelvis

  • Ilium: Features iliac crest.
  • Ischium: Bone you sit on.
  • Pubis: Front pelvic bone.
  • Sacrum and Coccyx: Tailbone.

Structure of Bones

  • Compact Bone: Dense and strong.
  • Spongy Bone: Looks like a sponge; contains marrow.
  • Bone Marrow:
    • Red Marrow: Produces blood cells.
    • Yellow Marrow: Stores fat.

Bone Development and Growth

  • Ossification: Process of bone formation from cartilage.
  • Osteoblasts: Build bone.
  • Osteoclasts: Break down bone.
  • Osteocytes: Mature bone cells.

Bone Types and Divisions

  • 206 Bones in the Body:
    • Axial Skeleton: Skull, vertebral column, ribcage.
    • Appendicular Skeleton: Limbs, shoulder, hip.

Bone Growth

  • Appositional Growth: Increases bone thickness.
  • Endochondral Growth: Lengthens bones in youth.
  • Importance of Nutrition & Exercise:
    • Calcium, Vitamin D, Magnesium, Phosphorus.
    • Weight-bearing activities strengthen bones.

Hormonal Influences

  • Estrogen: Inhibits bone breakdown.
  • Testosterone: Increases bone length and density.

Cartilage Types

  • Hyaline Cartilage: Found in nose, ends of bones, ribs.
  • Fibrocartilage: Found in discs, TMJ, elbows, knees.
  • Elastic Cartilage: Found in ears, epiglottis.

Additional Notes

  • Periosteum: Vascular and innervated tissue on bones.
  • Sesamoid Bones: Embedded in tendons/ligaments, e.g., patella.

Practice Questions

  • Review bone identification and classification.

Closing

  • Take a break before the next session.

These notes summarize the key points from the lecture on musculoskeletal function, providing a reference for the fundamental concepts and structures discussed by Dr. DeChaveau.