Lecture Notes: Interpretation and Application in Biblical Studies

Introduction

• Location Context: Cincinnati, Ohio, borders Kentucky, separated by the Ohio River.
• Analogy: Ohio River crossing compared to the bridge needed between interpretation and application in biblical studies.
• Key Concept: Evaluation is the bridge from interpretation to application, similar to how a bridge facilitates crossing the Ohio River.

Importance of Evaluation

• Challenges without a Bridge:
  • Without evaluation, moving from biblical interpretation to application can be difficult and dangerous.
  • Example: Misinterpretations can lead to incorrect applications, such as misunderstood teachings from the Bible.
• Purpose: Evaluation helps determine how a passage can be applied in today’s context.

Steps in Evaluation Process

1. Robust Interpretive Insights:
   • Start with detailed interpretations from the passage.
   • Identify key insights that unlock deeper understanding.
2. Identify Situational vs. Transcendent Teachings:
   • Determine what is specific to the original context and what transcends to present-day application.
   • Use literary and historical context, along with extra-biblical sources.
3. Determine Force and Scope of Application:
   • Evaluate if teachings are prescriptive (commands) or descriptive (suggestions).
   • Assess the scope: who the teachings apply to (e.g., specific groups or all believers).
4. Cross-Referencing Other Passages:
   • Compare with other biblical texts to see consistent or evolving interpretations.
   • Understand the broader biblical narrative and theology.
5. Application in Today’s Context:
   • Ask how the passage calls for changes in behavior, thought, or action.
   • Consider collective rather than individual application.

Application Examples

• Matthew 28:19 vs. Jesus’ Earlier Commands:
  • Example of potentially contradictory instructions and the need for evaluation.
• Book of Joshua:
  • Lessons on interpreting actions like marching around Jericho for modern-day applications.
• 1 Corinthians 7:
  • Paul's teachings on marriage and their applicational force.

Challenges in Evaluation

• Cultural and Contextual Differences:
  • Recognize differences in language, culture, and circumstances between original and current audiences.
  • Use tools like Bible dictionaries and commentaries for context.

Conclusion

• Goal of Hermeneutics: To apply biblical teachings meaningfully in today’s life.
• Prayer and Reflection: Encouragement to be faithful in biblical application.

Final Thoughts

• Evaluation bridges the gap between understanding and living out Scripture.
• The process aids in accurate and effective preaching, teaching, and personal application.