hello everyone my name is welcome back to this Channel and today we'll be looking at uh uh types and components of computer systems this is the theory section of the Cambridge RDC ICT specifically this those writing accounts from this year 2023 uh you'll find this very helpful as I normally notes are used to updated to teach my students so but um uh in this video what we'll be looking at is uh main object is also look at Hardware software uh secondly we'll look at the main components of a computer systems uh that's what makes a computer computer and thirdly we look at operating systems and the fourth thing will occur will be different types of computers and finally we'll look at emerging Technologies on API part so look at if you imagine Technologies and how they impact our daily lives now um with starting with the first objective which is hardware and software so the first question you might want to access service what is Hardware or what is computer hardware and a simple answer to this is all the physical components of a computer that you can touch and feel you can see with your eyes that's what makes that is what we call Hardware so it must be physical it might be something you can see it might be something you can touch and feel so that's what we call Hardware also you need to know that Hardware can be Eternal or external so all of what we have here the hardware this is a system you need within the system unit that is where you find your internal Hardware outside of the system unit you have external hardware so this is a motherboard what I normally tell Will in my lessons I'll tell you just take this as a city within that City you have different buildings or factories or whatever ever each of them has its own purpose it has something he does some of our accommodations or buildings our Terrace um some factories have all of them one way or another they contribute to the court of the city so here for instance we have the CPU um this is the cement battery here your RAM or video cards these ones are from videocast no this is for your RAM and this should probably be for video audio cataly rest so um and this I just bought different board USB VGA and rs so this is a motherboard which is found inside the system unit and this this ram ram all of them are found inside to their internal hardware and the monitor here is external moving forward uh if we want now to ask what is internal Hardware as our area said they are found inside the system unit system unit this is system unit now inside the system you can find a motherboard CPU video card ROM sound card RAM and many others and from there we also have external hardware as I said these are simply Hardware found outside the system you need like a keyboard mouse printers monitors and the orders you can think of so that's our external hardware basically now the next thing we want to look at is software and the types of software in a computer so um software it's important to say software what coded instructions or programs that controller computer works and processes data so what whatever I'm doing now is somehow controlled by software it's me being like to record what this lesson it's a software that is controlling it so all of this is what we call computer software now in your computer you have two major kinds of software application software and system software now what is application software application software programs you use probably on a daily basis to perform specific tasks specific tasks in maybe you're adding two things together like the calculator on your laptop or you are typing a document using Microsoft Word or you're doing some calculations in Excel you could be editing softwares it could be editing softwares like video Photoshop it could be Photoshop it could be maybe a graphics kind of um yeah Dusty Photoshop you could be drawing a house plan using AutoCAD so those are all application softwares now the next type of software is system software this one is very very important without system software uh firstly simply system software's operating systems later on we'll look at operating systems and distance so system softwares are operating systems and other utilities that enable smooth function of a computer what do I mean by other utilities the other utilities are things like antivirus disk screeners compilers linkers and all those things those are other utilities that help your computer to run smoothly without an operating system I won't be able to record this lesson without an operating system I won't be able to be communicating with my computer so we are going to look at that detail later now so when we talk about systems of we are looking about your operating system like Windows Linux Mac OS and the rest or you talk about antiviral software we will talk about the device these cleaners compilers and the rest so that is it about software mainly and Hardware now the next thing which is very important is the fact that we have Hardware we have software but at the end of the day we want data that is what is kind of more important to us data if I enter something I want something to come up as I'm speaking now you are hearing you you have spoken up recorded and you can hear me so there is what what I'm saying now uh I'm using a microphone to record my voice that is analog data and then what you are getting to is analog data so basically analog data is what physical data that changes smoothly from one value to the other smoothly means this can go to one two three four five whatever when it reaches the optimum it can drop my voice the picture of my voice is not constant it might go up come down a little go up count down just like that so this is analog now when we go to Digital Data we are talking about one or zero that means high or low high or low it cannot be in between so it's either high or it's low so you can have the data it varies in discrete amounts meaning if you want to variety by twos everything will be like that so I can either have a one I will have a zero I have a one or I have a zero so this is how generally data is represented or uh uh the entire computer if I what you need to also understand is the fact that when you speak to your microphone your computer is not going to understand that the computer only understands digital so for you to convert your voice which is analog to digital you need an analog to digital converter as we will see later so here it is as I'm speaking right now I'm generating analog signals those signals when they get through my microphone they are converted using an analytic digital converter into digital something like this ones and zeros from there the digital signal is converted back to analog which is what you are hearing at your own end now and that is with the help of what digital to analog converter so two things are happening and I love to dig it up and digital to another so right now as I speak you hear uh I'm speaking analog it's converted to digital for you to hear what I'm saying digital is converted back to analog and you can hear it through on your speakers or we are wearing headsets so that is the importance of all this you need to understand when you type on the compute on your keyboard you are entering analog but the computer has been programmed to understand all those things now the next thing which is very important is what are the main components of a computer what are the main parts of what makes what are the main things or features of a human being so a computer has a main part without these parts the computer cannot do without them for instance if you look at a human being there are some parts of your body you can do without under some you can't do without you can do without maybe you can survive without a hand you can survive without a leg but without a uh probably you can't survive without your heart some water vital part so it's kind of same with the computer so some of these main parts of the computer will be looking at four main components the central processing unit the antenna had this drive the random access memory at the read on the memory so this is what we'll be focusing on so this is the central processing units hard disks or SSD these are all storage media storage devices then we have the wrong and the ram which are all primary memories now if we get dive into them into more detail to get a description of them and some major features the CPU for instance most CPUs are produced by internal and IBM probably other companies but those are the most common uh CPU company that produce CPUs now firstly the first thing you need to know is CPU the CPU is the brain of your computer so it also you need to know that it has an arithmetic energy unit which one those calculations are logical decisions when you're trying to do some calculations it's actually the aru of the CPU that tells that then he also has a control unit which controls inputs controls input and output devices so that is another uh function of the thing the acpa does and it also has what we call registers for storage of data being processed so if you want to process data it is temporarily stored in the registers and they get it once it's needed then this next main component is a read-only memory a random access memory uh it's a very divider part of the computer so it primarily is an internal memory for temporary data storage so it stores data on a temporary basis so after a certain period of time or when you turn off your computer that data is lost so but I need it installs your data I keep strap of what you're doing it helps your computer to run very well secondly you should know that the ram is a volatile memory so which means content is lost when computer goes off as I just said that the minimum volatility meaning the thing at some point will be lost or it doesn't last forever long then the ram you can read you can write to it and you can read from it uh lastly the round size you can always increase the Ram size of your computer most computers the ram sizes can be increased and probably that will help to increase your computer speed read only memory ROM that one is also a primary antenna permitted storage so we can store data permanently as opposed to the ramp you could be asked to compare the RAM and the wrong you should know that there are stores that are familiar temporarily why the wrong stores data permanently also the ram can be the ROM can only be read from you cannot write to the wrong but the RAM you can read or write to here you can read from it and you can write to it finally the ROM s what booty instructions of the computer which is why they don't want you to write to their love to the wrong because if that information is altered your computer won't be able to put so the wrong stores buyers but it does basic input output system you start putting structures uh they install the BIOS and starting up instructions of the computer and Order instructions which are very important and finally we have our storage device what we use to store data in the computer is very important imagine a human being without a storage place or where you have to store things so similarly with the computer it needs where whatever is processed whatever data is found within the store so that is what we call a hard disk drive or solid state most computers now have solid state drives which are have kind of Superior properties so this is just a permanent storage where you can store large amount of data equals to these two I can store application software that's where your operating system is stored and other system files so they can also be fixed or removable the next thing we have to look at is input and output devices so just a brief comparison of them this to input and output devices will be looked at more detail in chapter two that's a whole topic on its own so but here let's just briefly look at the input devices basically Hardware like keyboard mouse microphones they help you to enter data into the computer I'm speaking I'm entering data into the computer hard there are outputs they help you to see what your your working on your computer listening to this lesson you're using output seeing what is happening you're using what sorry listening to the internet using it yeah using output seeing what is happening we are also using output then uh some people find inputs quite complicated to use such as keyboard whereas outputs such as printers you just say your print command the monitor you just need to watch so it's much easier to use so input devices can only send data to devices and not vice versa sound which is very true uh also the output they are only capable of receiving data and then they can degenerate output from it so input you just enter data while the output it just only receives and generates output so these are some main differences between input enabled device and an output device and under this main component of the computer the other thing we need to compare is the internal member storage basically internal memory is a primary storage which constitutes what uh the RAM and their ROM and they are directly accessible to the CPU by the CPU so uh on the other hand packing storage is permanent or storage of large amount of data so that's where we permanently store data like your operating system files movies videos and whatever so that is not on what hard dicks or solid state drive depending on which you have on your computer now the RAM and Aroma much more like memory why the backend storage layer had HDT or SSD have much larger storage space now the next thing is the ram stores data temporary meaning a data group is lost when your computer is turned out the wrong story data permanently but it is only a readable but your HD video SSD your data is permanent you can read you can write you can read you can write as many types as uh it is allowed um and also you need to know that the RAM and the ROM have very fast data access times meaning it's very fast we should just request something from it it comes you know within a few milliseconds and as we area mentioned it they are directly accessed by the CPU so definitely they need to be very fast whereas bucket storage it's uh the access times are quite slow a time you open a fi and it takes some time to loot but it's not the same case with the RAM and the wrong uh finally the RAM and Aroma what Eternal memories has they are internally fixed in the computer but they had this driveway SSD you can always remove it uh if need be so some are permanently inside why some you can connect it externally and you could also even have multiple hard drives on the computer um thank you for following and if this video was helpful you should subscribe and like the video uh let me know in the comment section if you have any questions and uh drama's best to answer as soon as possible see you in the next section of the video