Notes on Primary Source Criticism in Philippine History

Introduction

• Lecture by professor on video discussion for readings in Philippine history.
• Focus on validating primary sources through external and internal criticism.

External Criticism

• Definition: Method to validate historical documents.
• Purpose: Determine whether a primary source is genuine and can be accepted as evidence.
• Key Aspects:
  • Assess if the source is original.
  • Evaluate if it is relevant to the historical context being studied.
  • Consider if artifacts could have existed or been produced during the time in question.
• Importance: Establishes the legitimacy of a primary source based on:
  • Author's credibility
  • Materials used
  • Existence of supporting materials or historical events

Internal Criticism

• Definition: Focuses on the meaning and accuracy of the statements in primary sources.
• Key Questions:
  • Is the content authentic and trustworthy?
  • Do the meanings of words remain consistent?
  • Is the author serious in their writing?
  • Does the author express their real beliefs?
  • Is there any bias present in the author's perspective?
• Examples: Analyzing the first voyage around the world by Magellan and its connection to the time it was produced.

Importance of Both Criticisms

• Both external and internal criticism are essential for:
  • Understanding the legitimacy of historical documents.
  • Validating historical knowledge on significant events.

Conclusion

• Encouragement for further questions and discussion.
• Emphasis on the importance of understanding primary source criticism in historical research.