Hey everyone, so this lesson is on a way to remember what we need to know for the glycolysis pathway. More specifically, how to remember the intermediates and the enzymes in the glycolysis pathway. So I'm going to talk about a few mnemonic phrases to help us remember what we need to remember for this pathway.
So the first mnemonic device I want to use is to help us remember the glycolysis intermediates. So there are actually two mnemonic devices I want to talk about here. There are actually two phrases.
The first one is, goodness gracious, Father Franklin did go by picking pumpkins to prepare pies. So you can think of a father. His name's Franklin.
So Father Franklin, he goes, he's picking pumpkins to prepare pumpkin pie. The other phrase here, and this is the one I tend to use, I guess is a more negative way of thinking about it. Goodness gracious, Father Franklin didn't go by perfect pumpkins to prepare pies. So this, try to remember this phrase, goodness gracious, Father Franklin didn't go buy perfect pumpkins to prepare pies.
So you can imagine Father Franklin going to the grocery store and he's supposed to buy pumpkins to prepare pies, to prepare pumpkin pies, but he forgot. So goodness gracious, Father Franklin didn't go buy perfect pumpkins to prepare pies. So that's the phrase I want you to remember here.
The other phrase I want you to remember for glycolysis, enzymes. is Hungry Peter Pan and the Growling Pink Panther Eat Pies. So this fits together with the last mnemonic we used.
It's all about pies. So again, Hungry Peter Pan and the Growling Pink Panther Eat Pies. So that's the other phrase I want you to remember.
So those are the two phrases. So how does this all translate to the glycolysis pathway? So the glycolysis pathway is as follows. We're going to quickly go through this if you want more details on the glycolysis pathway.
Please check out my lesson on that topic. So first, glucose is phosphorylated by the enzyme hexokinase to form glucose 6-phosphate. Glucose 6-phosphate is then acted on by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase to form fructose 6-phosphate.
Fructose 6-phosphate is then phosphorylated by phosphofructokinase 1 or PFK1 to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is then acted on by the enzyme aldolase to essentially break it into two pieces. One is dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The other one is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate can then be converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and vice versa by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is enacted on by GAPDH to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is enacted on by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase to form 3-phosphoglycerate. 3-phosphoglycerate is enacted on by the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase to form 2-phosphoglycerate. Then 2-phosphoglycerate is enacted on by enolase to form PEP or phosphoenopyruvate.
And then finally, the last enzyme of the pathway, pyruvate kinase acts on phosphoenopyruvate to form pyruvate. So I know I went over that quickly. Let's go to the beginning of the pathway and use the mnemonic devices we've learned to help us remember the steps in the pathway.
So how do I remember this? portion of the pathway. So the mnemonic, goodness gracious, Father Franklin didn't go buy perfect pumpkin, super pear pies.
How does this work? This is used for the glycolysis intermediates. So goodness can be used to help us remember glucose. Gracious, the G in gracious can help us remember glucose 6-phosphate. Father, the F in father can help us remember fructose 6-phosphate.
In Franklin, the F in Franklin can help us remember fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. So the next one is Father Franklin didn't, D in didn't for dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Go, G in go for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Bi, B in bi for bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Perfect, P in perfect for 3-phosphoglycerate.
pumpkins, P in pumpkins for two-phosphoglycerate. Two is sort of used just to make the sentence complete. It's not used in the pathway. Prepare is the next word. P in prepare for phosphoenopyruvate.
You can kind of remember this as prep or pep. P-E-P is in the same word, P-E-P. That might help you remember the prepare goes with pep.
And the last one is pies. P in pies for pyruvate pie. pyruvate.
So that is how we remember the glycolysis intermediates. So now let's talk about the pathway again, but looking at the enzymes in the pathway. So we're going to go back to the beginning of the pathway, and we're going to talk about the enzymes in the pathway now. So using our mnemonic, Hungry Peter Pan and the Growling Pink Panther eat pies.
This is going to help us remember the glycolysis enzymes. So the first one is hungry, H in hungry for hexokinase. Hungry Peter.
P in Peter for phosphoglucomutase. Pan, P for phosphofructokinase 1 or PFK1. So hungry Peter, pan, and.
A in and for aldolase. The, T in the for triose phosphate isomerase. Growling, G in growling for GAPDH. Pink, P in pink for phosphoglycerate kinase. Panther.
P in panther for phosphoglycerate mutase, E in eats for enolase, and P in pies for pyruvate kinase. So this is how we remember the glycolysis enzymes. So in summary, we use the phrase goodness gracious, Father Franklin didn't go buy perfect pumpkins to prepare pies to help us remember the glycolysis intermediates.
Glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, or PEP, and then pyruvate. And then we can use the phrase hungry Peter Pan and the growling pink panther eat pies to help us remember the glycolysis enzymes. So again, hungry Peter Pan and the growling pink panther eat pies, hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, PFK-1. aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, GAPDH, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, and pyruvate kinase.
And a quick tip here to help you remember which one comes first between phosphoglycerate kinase and phosphoglycerate mutase, you can think about the second word in each of those enzymes, kinase and mutase. The K for kinase, K comes in the alphabet before M does. So the kinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, comes before the phosphoglycerate mutase does. So this is a brief overview and a mnemonic aid in order to help us remember the glycolysis intermediates and enzymes. So if you want to learn the glycolysis pathway in detail, please check out my lesson on that topic.
I talk about all of the steps and all of the enzymes and their regulators. So please check out that lesson to learn more about that topic. And if you found this lesson helpful, please give it a thumbs up and consider subscribing to the channel.
And as always, continue to live, laugh, and learn. And I hope to see you next time.