foreign I have come prepared with some examples nice stories so let us get started for singular line again the full story solo okay you would have forgotten absolutely so let's get started without any further delay friends so that you will feel good okay unless you are really passionate about history you may not enjoy it so please bear with me and listen to me okay so let's get started the rise of nationalism in Europe social studies and I will be teaching it to you in the channel literally for every exam we helped you so make sure you guys share it to your friends and also if you're already a subscriber smash the like button okay I am so stressed we will cover it making of global world did you see that will teach you the making of a global world because you guys asked me sir is we are trying to help you out so please make sure you guys attend these sessions spread the word is out of love everybody ready so first of all in the chapter in the pictures everybody in the picture who who made this picture Frederick sorio very good very good in the year 1848 fantastic so in the pictures so it was drawn by Frederick sorio and it was in the year 1848. so you see group group Ella house foreign do you think Germany was a nation state in 1848 no Allah the German flag do you think Italy was a nation state in 1848 no they were all trying struggling the Statue of Liberty which is a symbol of Freedom symbol of Liberty was the first first one to you know fight during the 1800s to become a nation-state so France was about to become a national state so that's why France is at the front with a tri-color followed by Germany and followed by Austria and the two kingdoms of Sicily so this is the order in which they are coming are you all clear either yes are you all happy shall we move forward super super so in the picture either one that was drawn by Frederick sorio and French artist in the year 1848 okay and he visualized his dream world utopian World Utopia something ideal I hope all of you are clear amongst the people of a group angels and Jesus are looking down and gazing upon the various Nations so they are all excited about the fraternity amongst the Nations that is the Friendship among the people of one group they are astonished they are gazing upon them what are broken down monarchy absolutism is broken down what is absolutism in the crowns monarchy and the system are you all clear everybody happy with this so that is broken down Liberty is signified by the Statue of Liberty U.S and Switzerland have already passed by because they were already nation states by then by 1848 France is on the verge of becoming a nation state followed by Germany Italy and then you have your Austria two kingdoms of Sicily and so on okay so that is the order in which they are all coming I hope you're all happy in one of the print it shows the peoples of Europe and America men and women of all ages and social classes marching in a wrong long procession long train and offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass by it on the earth in the foreground you have the monarchy being broken down shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist absolute is utopian society utopian Vision the people of the world are grouped as distinct Nations identified through their flags and national costume so under utopian society dealer and the utopian Vision he is dreaming that people are grouped as Nations wearing different costumes okay and absolutism is broken down I hope all of you are clear leading the procession way past the statue was United States and Switzerland because by this time they were already nation states absolutely absolute monarchical government so military power centralized Authority and repressive government absolutely okay Utopia which is ideal dreamy a very good dream too good to be true utopian I hope all of you are clear exactly are you all happy shall we move forward so in the diagram I'm sure all of you can cover and get scores okay so either again so the slides are all exactly from your ncert very good during the 19th century nationalism emerged as a force which brought about sweeping changes in the political and mental world of Europe foreign being unfair inequality economic inequality political inequality social inequality is only um the feeling of revolt and you know wanting Freedom it became a big sensation in the 19th century there were a lot of changes sweeping changes in the political and mental world of Europe nation states were created nation states in the sentiment of nationalism freedom is that is what monarchy is you will pay tax you will pay a lot of money to your feudal Lord and still you will be repressed and still you will be tortured you have no rights you can't do it you can't choose anything so people got fed up they wanted to break free so in my national sentiment I gather up background story so I will take for two hours or one and a half hours okay depending on how quickly you guys are grasping and how quickly I am able to complete it but now in the chat about and I want to complete this okay so I'll teach you whatever I can explain so nothing will be wrong in the slides I will share the slides after the class so please try to focus don't get distracted in an allegory is okay you need not do me a favor and watch this video please go and sleep okay you will do well because you have to be you have to be sincere you cannot fool around one day before the exam got it great so let's go forward element of national state so National States another modern States and uh modern State Minister and differentiate see national state now you have these three elements what is that majority of its citizen only not just its ruler so it is a combined sentiment of people and the ruler of people and the ruler combined sentiment so that is the group that is an element of National State history they have a common history and third one is they have a sense of common identity common culture common language common social norms is part of common identity elements of national state modern statement modern States or a centralized power okay or a centralized power controlling the entire region so for a defined territory or defined region and the defined region Define territory or centralized power control modern state are you all clear everybody happy super super I hope you're all clear so nation states either either displacement multinational dynastic Empires Empires kingdoms National States Nation States started to replace multinational Dynasty Empires were broken down and nation states started to arise either in the chapter okay okay I hope all of you are clear let's go foreign guillotine so that happened in French Revolution so other first expression of nationalism in the world so that was French Revolution in 1789 so France was a fully fledged Territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarch monarchana Raja yaranda Raja King Lou is the 16th so King Louis the 16th the rule France 1789 in the French Revolution so transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens the country was being governed so King Louise 1789 are you all clear everybody happy great so the revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would end forth constitute the nation and shape its Destiny expression of nationalism so people 1789 they decided we will give shape and identity to the nation and we will only make the nation not Kings not rulers are you all clear so they made a National Assembly and they they had a head for it I hope all of you are clear with this so what are the steps taken by French Revolutions in the board exam question it came about a few years back 2021 what are the steps that were carried out by the French revolutionaries the Fatherland and the last City on that is the citizen you know my national sentiments the idea of our Fatherland our land and then we are all the citizens of France annamay sentiments it was driving to its people new flag I want to ignore identity tri-colored flag France or a flag and the Frederick picture okay so in the flag they design replacing the formal Royal flag in the flag so again people are able to relate is driving sentiments Estates General was elected and named as National Assembly so they had a National Assembly and one General was elected by the people were elected by people from amongst the people so or a centralized administrative system with uniform laws for all citizens was created after these changes they were uniform laws for all citizens there was a centralized administrative system okay internal customs duties and dues were abolished is Traders very sad their life was hard but Elam it was all it was all removed and a uniform system was adopted uniform measures were all adopted and French became the common language to unify the national sentiment or a common language country do you all know that language as a means to develop national sentiment in the country do you all know that in the country use language as a mode to develop that National sentiment Balaji is correct it is not French it is Poland okay very good example the Polish people use their national language as a very big sentiment to drive nationalism okay so yeah friendship friends where they force people to speak common language they ask people to speak common language French so that everybody is United Regional dialects were discouraged Regional Direction National sentiment Regional language they were trying to do that new hymns were composed and Oaths were taken so these are the steps followed by the French revolutionaries I hope all of you are clear and the revolutionaries did not stop there France it is a duty and mission of French Nation to liberate the people of Europe from despotism despotism monarchy dictatorial governance autocracies they started to go to Wars character foreign foreign establishment of Jacob in clubs Jacob in clubs so what do they do they meet in secret places so on the group of Christians compared Jacobins so we have Catholics we have Protestant so we have one category called Jacobins in the secret society they call it Jacobin clubs okay so establishment of Jacobian clubs paved way for French armies that carried the idea of nationalism and moved to Holland Belgium Switzerland and Italy Jacob foreign they were supporting and they did they did carry the idea of nationalism and move to these places with the outbreak of revolutionary Wars the French armies began to carry the idea of nationalism abroad so in the idea of nationalism so France first tasted the idea of nationalism and was a success you know they were able to Dethrone by the French Revolution they were able to Dethrone and kill King Louis XVI and then they appointed Estates General from amongst the people they formed the National Assembly of national state nation state idea they liked it so they wanted to carry this to Europe they were helping others also so they started to do this French army Napoleon Napoleon was a very short fellow do you know that he was not very tall he was not a warrior but he was a very smart general he was a very very smart Army General Napoleon Bonaparte so what did he do this he becomes he becomes the leader of France by starting a coupe Pakistan the military took over the government so it happened a few years back so the military will come chase the government away Napoleon did in 1799. he became the leader he became the most powerful person in France in 1799 280 not four eighty not four left he gave the Napoleon code are you all ready shall we all clear so yeah so Napoleon was a general he was a War General and he was part of the Revolution also 1789 and the Revolutionary France I am the emperor of France so he gives rules he gives rules established equality before law and took away all privileges based on birth so he took away all the Privileges based on birth which was there obviously okay secure the right to property on the property you cannot come and take away any property of some person no people have the right to property people have the right to property are you all clear simplified administrative division abolish the feudal system feudal system there were many ministers who had lot of lands on the landslow presence and the feudal system and the feudal system of what it started okay he freed presence from the serfdom servedamna and the landlord of Allison and minority duties manorial reduce transportation and communication was improved Guild restrictions Guild not taxes excess tasks duties customs so the guild restrictions were removed standardized weights and measures was followed standard National currency was to facilitate the movement and exchange of goods it was also introduced is he is he good yes these are all good things he tried to do something good through the Napoleonic Code foreign he was the military leader he was the Army General and the political vacuum Napoleon okay so friends he smelt that there was a political vacuum there was a need for a leader okay but with the introduction of Napoleon democracy was destroyed yeah because again Napoleon brought back the monarchy again Napoleon brought back the monarchy why he was the emperor of France he was not elected by people he took it so he brought back monarchy in France again therefore abolishing demolishing democracy okay are you all happy great great so shall we move forward so reaction to Napoleon in Europe so Napoleon Napoleon want to do you know invade and capture the surrounding areas he had a lot of words he was a very successful leader he was a very successful War General he constantly goes to war and conquers many places so in the areas conquered the reactions of the locals were mixed so initial and the local people on there French on the um character so Nepal is wow French people have come to save us they were happy initially the French armies were welcomed as harbingers they are the indication of something good okay indication of what is to come indication of friends so that is what harbingers are meant okay in certain cities like Brussels Holland Switzerland French army initial they were welcome they were all happy but initial enthusiasm later turned hostile letra friends okay later friends you know French also censorship is censorship and first conscription foreign foreign feudal system they brought standard weights and measure Napoleonic Code is I hope all of you are clear so this shows the image what is this image he's a courier carrier who is dropping letters what does it signify foreign choose to hide their children movies he's starting to lose some of the places that he conquered foreign and Duchess military Cantonment okay military settlement area I hope all of you are clear so there were only kingdoms duchies and cantons okay canton's not military settle an area whose rulers had their autonomous territories foreign I hope all of you are clear everybody happy Eastern and Central Europe were under autocratic monarchs in these kingdoms live different people with different culture and identities they even spoke different languages and belonged to different ethnic groups so in the kingdoms of people they speak different languages they speak different dialects they were from different ethnic groups they didn't have anything common the only thing comment was that they are all part of the same Emperor they were all under the same Emperor or same ruler it connected all of them they were not able to initially gather the Nationalist sentiment and the national sentiment warnuna and the Nationalist sentiment you need to have common language common culture common history foreign except the fact that they were all ruled by the same King okay I hope all of you are clear autocratic autographed autocratic government autocratic monarchy and the full region are you all happy very good for example the Habsburg Empire was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples so Habsburg Empire on the Peri Empire are you all clear in the Empire Austrian Habsburg Empire Austria okay unification please wait I hope are you all having fun till now replace Napoleon loses the battle in Leipzig in the year 1813. okay morning I hope you're all happy with this so far yes okay so Habsburg Empire on the it was in Austria so entire region patina the Alpine regions the title Austria and the student land as well as Bohemia Italian speaking provinces of Lombardi and Venetia okay so he's running but yeah at least a few places you remember okay in the in the Ella region so combined other Habsburg Empire Italian speaking they were from different ethnic groups they spoke different languages they had different identities different culture they were all together having common only one thing Habsburg Empire so this was a problem in Hungary half the population spoke Magyar while the other half spoke a variety of dialects in the ministers in the noble people Duke in the noble family the highest level of people they spoke polish in Galicia they are also lived within the boundaries of the Empire a mass of subject present people Bohemians and slovaks to the North slovenes in carniola close to the South Romans to the east in Transylvania foreign that people had nothing in common they spoke different language they wrote different kinds of dress they are from different ethnic groups but they are they're all under the same Empire groups region Bohemia Alpine region Tyrell Austria so many regions Noble noble people means princess they are all very powerful they are socially very strong United by a common way of life movies I hope you have seen it in Netflix many TV series many movies are based on the lives of noble people they owned Estates townhouses in the countryside most of them spoke French most of them spoke French for the purpose of diplomacy in High Society so and the highest societies no they used to speak French families often connected by way of marriages so they used to marry within the aristocratic group so that they'll become more strong however the aristocrats comprise of a small group and aristocas now and the noble people so they were all small group very few in numbers okay great presence the majority of population they were slightly poor they used to work in the Farms majority of population and Central Europe serves and minorial use particular so serves cultivated land serves are you all clear great emergence of the new middle class second half of 18th century so Western and parts of Central Europe growth of industrial production and trade led to growth of towns and emergence of commercial class whose existence was based on production for the market is Western and Central Europe there were growth growth of production and trade so in the trade production and Commercial class commercial class foreign new social groups came into being a working class population middle class so in the working class the middle class working class then the middle class people who are doing well other working class in the liberal Revolution foreign middle class educated people are you all happy let's go what do liberal nationalism stand for what does liberal nationalism stand for so liberalism the ideas of national unity in the 19th century Europe where closely Allied to the ideology of liberalism liberalism freedom liberalism not Freedom the ideas of national unity in the early 19th century early 19th century 1820 1830 early 19th century Europe were closely Allied to the ideology of liberalism liberalism free Liber is a Latin word which means free so and stood for equality before law it is equality before law political liberalism political liberalism on the government by consent consent now other political liberalism government by consent end of autocracy autocracy is the church was very powerful priest clerical rule so clerical privileges aristocratic privileges autocracy it came under political liberalism political liberalism I hope all of you are clear so shall we go forward am I going too slow am I going too slow let me know yes sir sir okay okay so no voting rights for those without property another political liberalism only men who have property can vote and then the men properties Constitution and representative government through Parliament so Parliament people select representative they form the government by consent okay so equality before the law did not necessarily mean universal suffrage suffrage foreign properties men who have properties only can vote so during the Revolutionary France the right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to property owning men men without property and women all women were excluded from political rights so without property men and all women were excluded from political rights so on the all men could have only for a brief period under the Jacobins all men's had suffrage all men had right to vote so all men are right to vote under the Jacobin period for some time Napoleon where no men who had property can vote women women cannot vote foreign when were all men allowed to vote only under the Jacobin rule they were allowed to vote for a short time not always Sharia Napoleonic Code went back to the older system limited suffrage and reduced women to the status of minor subject to the authority of fathers and husbands so Nepal in our level s women were treated as minors and they were under the authority of husbands and fathers Napoleon okay that is why he was hated women also were strong I will talk about women's participation in the end throughout the 19th century and early 20th century women and non-propertied men organized opposition movements demanding equal political rights foreign foreign and they were creating protests opposing and demanding for equal political rights economic liberalism women with property cannot be able to vote asarama women without property cannot vote women cannot vote women properties they cannot vote properties okay so now economic liberalism political liberalism stood for freedom of market so marketing and the monarchs and the Kings controls so we want freedom of markets abolition of State impose restriction on the movement of goods and capital during the first half of 19th century Napoleon Administration created a confederation of 39 States each had its own currency and weights and thus it was a very time consuming process so Napoleon or a group of 39 States measurement so it created a lot of problems and over only over currency in the world rupees in is it was abolished okay for example foreign the middle class the Traders they suffered a lot of problems okay unit of length it is used to measure cloth cloth textile an L of textile in Frankfurt was 54.7 in Mains it was 55.1 in Nuremberg it is 50 65.6 in Freeburg it is 53.5 Ella so time consuming calculations I hope you are able to understand foreign which was very stupid right so other time consuming calculation okay they formed a custom Union a voluntary Customs Union it was a customs Union to to abolish and break all these problems inner problems so they reduce the number of currencies and also they brought a standard measurement system the standard measurement was brought okay so initiative of Prussia this was formed custom Union so it is a voluntary Customs Union what did they do they brought they brought the number of currencies from 30 to just two the creation of network of Railways promoted Mobility so easier trade happened because they had better network of Railways for trade zolvarin also abolished tariff barriers I hope you all liked it are you all clear shall I move forward did you all enjoy it so far greater a new conservatism after 1815 a new conservatism after 1815 let's have a look following the defeat of Napoleon Napoleon tax that is a tax imposed tariff okay so following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815 European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism conservatism Traditions they stick to so they wanted to go back to monarchy going back to tradition going back to olden day style going back to monarchy was conservatism okay so what is candidism a political philosophy that stress the importance of tradition established institutions and customs and preferred gradual development to Quick Change okay so what do they prefer they prefer gradual development they didn't want quick change so they wanted to go back to monarchy okay so who defeated Napoleon in 1815 Battle of Waterloo Britain Russia Prussia and Austria Austria together collectively they defeated Napoleon in 1815 are you all clear conservatives people who believed in traditional institutions of state and Society monarchy church family clergy church leaders clergy systems in the conservatives people who believed in traditional institutions of state and Society with changes initiated by Napoleon idea standard measurement development train attacks conservatism conservatism okay I hope you all liked it so most conservatives realized from the changes initiated by Napoleon that modernization could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like monarchy numbers modern ideas okay so Treaty of Vienna in 1815 Treaty of Vienna Airport are you all with me are you all enjoying foreign they are the noble people noble men okay and autocracy is a form of government autocracy is when one group or one person has control it's like dictatorial rule okay so Vienna is Britain Austria Russia and Russia that is the four countries the four regions who fought for who fought for freedom from Napoleon who fought against Napoleon Napoleon who hosted this Treaty of Vienna Austrian Chancellor Duke maternich Duke maternity statements statement he told when France sneezes rest of Europe catches cold he is the most dangerous person for our rule foreign he is the most dangerous fellow Criminal numbers very good but anyways okay so he told two very nice statements so he is conservative he wants to bring back the king's rule why why was this treaty there to bring back conservatism restore monarchy in Europe after Napoleon's defeat Napoleon foreign foreign in France and France or the territories whatever they lost either annexed under the Napoleon period so Napoleon France had to let go of all the territories Napoleon had conquered the kingdom of Netherlands was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south Prussia was given territories on the western Frontiers while Austria was given control of Northern Italian so everybody are taking control of something so Adan Treaty of Vienna Treaty of Vienna and the other countries they take what they want but the German Confederation of 39 States and the Napoleon there were 39 states only they were left untouched in the East Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony so in all the countries what are the four countries you have Britain Austria Russia and Persia so Prussia Austria Prussia Russia I hope all of you are able to see that foreign it is actually a very big chapter okay foreign foreign system was there leaders were church leaders were like rulers okay I'm not answering this as part of this lesson okay okay so conservative regime conservative regime was autocratic autocratic it is not Freedom it is not regressive government is they did not tolerate criticism so you cannot say I am I am ruling wrong Church okay criticism and descent and they sought to curb activities that question the legitimacy of autocratic government is foreign autocratic government okay censorship law imposed on newspaper books place so censorship was also very very evident is how do these people the poor peasants come to know of the situation by place by nadagam by books by newspapers by speaking foreign so that is what happens so this motivated the liberal nationalists to fight for freedom of press freedom of press foreign okay I hope all of you are clear got it are you all clear so in the picture the club of thinkers there are eight professors or eight people who have muscles on their on their mouth and nose why they cannot talk on the wall it is so what does it mean it means cover your mouth if you have the urge to talk because you cannot you're not allowed to open your mouth foreign let's go who are revolutionaries revolutionaries are liberal nationalists who belong to educated middle class Elite these liberals became revolutionaries with a motive to overthrow monarchy okay with a motive to overthrow monarchy 345 please 3 45 I'll stop we will continue in the night after showbikamam session don't worry very good so liberal nationalist revolutionaries revolutionaries powerful people revolutionary liberal nationalists foreign Purina are you all clear everybody so these liberals became revolutionaries with a motive to overthrow monarchy so monarchy they are becoming revolutionaries after 1815 fear of repression drove many liberal nationalists underground and led to the formation of secret society yes they were fighting against the monarchy liberal nationalists who are called as a revolutionaries they began to operate Underground secret that is why we call them secret society their commitment their commitment to oppose monarchy what is the objective of liberal nationalists what is the objective of revolutionaries they wanted to overthrow the monarchy overthrow conservative monarchism so commitment to oppose monarchical forms fight for freedom and liberty oppose autocratic regime in the autocratic regime Freedom fight Liberty Gaga so that is the objective of your liberal Nationalist and the best example he tried to fight for unification of Italy he tried to unify Italy he brought about National sentiments he was not able to do so yeah later on bandra later on later on unified Italian Unified Italia unified very good yes you are right who is a king Emmanuel very good Victor Emmanuel so Victor Emmanuel is a king who who was able to achieve it so Italia unified 1831 later on there were people like Garibaldi and then you add your Victor Emmanuel King he was the one who was able to you know finally do it with the help of his count okay he was a very smart count his subordinate okay so Giuseppe was born in Genoa he was a member of the secret society of carbonari okay he founded two societies young Italy in Marseilles and young Europe in Burn so you run the render society and young Europe unification alone could be the basis of Italian Liberty Freedom number okay so margin is Relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives it frightened the conservatives he was able to make them fear the conservatives he was able to make them fear fear to what extent to the extent that maternity is the Austrian Chancellor so he is saying hey you are not the most dangerous person most dangerous enemy of our social order the Austrian Chancellor says amazing right so you remodel baseball the other countries were inspired Germany France Switzerland and Poland regions also got inspired and they had their own secret societies the age of revolutions 1830 to 1848 Revolution was led by liberal nationalists belonging to the educated middle class professors School teachers clerks members of commercial middle class was in July 1830 it was called as a July July Revolution okay are you all clear so the bourbon Kings who had been restored to power during the conservative reaction the bourbon kings were restored to powers the bourbon Kings who are coming to power an IPO 1830 left they were overthrown foreign King will also be there so they will act together they will be together so people will also participate in the decisions of the government they will represent the people the elected members will represent the people purita constitutional monarchy and who was the head Louise Philip was the head of this constitutional monarchy after the first upheaval appeal and the bourbon Kings were removed right that's called the revolution first upheaval in France what does he say when France sneezes the rest of Europe catches cold so France is okay when France sneezes the rest of Europe catches coal so France it will influence the all other places whatever happens in France will influence all the other places okay the age of revolutions the July Revolution sparked an uprising in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of Netherlands Greece war of independence repercussions an uprising in Brussels so on the July Revolution Brussels United Kingdom of Netherlands Greece War of Independence is also happening Greece Ottoman Empire since the 15th century YOLO the growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off a struggle for Independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821 so 18 21 languages we want to be a separate nation state we will tell them this is not right Greece is also fighting since 1821. so apron nationalist in Greece got support from other Greeks living in Exile so in the revolutions revolutionaries foreign the people who are from Greece who are living in Exile and also from many West Europe West Europeans who had sympathies for ancient Greek culture so Greece story okay uh they are getting lot of support and love from other European countries other European regions I think in ramayana Rama was sent on exile right if I'm not wrong 10 years from Exile will grow right so that is called exile okay that is called Exile and now you got it okay yeah yeah so that is what is exiled you you you have to leave your country and the Empire okay they are helping the Pura legal the the revolutionaries in Greece Western Europe and the Greek mythology Greek mythology they're also helping people out so the Greek people are getting a lot of support poets and artists lauded Greece as the Cradle of European civilization so poets they mobilized public opinion to support this struggle against the Muslim empire artists are all helping they are gathering public opinion they're Gathering public sentiment to support the Greek people okay the English poet Lord Byron organized funds and later went to fight in the war vary died he is considered a national hero in Greece Lord Byron a poet an English poet is considered a hero national hero in Greece why our English man he is giving them funds Greece foreign they are signing a treaty Treaty of Constantinople in the year 1832. in the year 1832 it is signed the Treaty of Constantinople where Greece becomes an independent nation in the end they are getting an independent nation Freedom by the Treaty of Constantinople I hope you all got it okay very good so pasangla is I hope you all enjoyed it number is he died in Fever yes yes yes he was in the war he participated and he died the fever okay so pasangla in the in the topic then they will continue in the night okay so please attend it without faith either useful did you all like it um I don't know whether it was useful or not but I really worked hard to study this and come it was good okay so thank you boys and girls I love I love the participation I love the energy you guys have shown keep it up and we will meet tonight take care guys love you all bye