Lecture Notes: Repetitive and Restrictive Behaviors (RRBs)

Introduction

• Topic: Repetitive and Restrictive Behaviors (RRBs)
• Context: Relevant to autism diagnosis
• Source: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Definition of RRBs

• Heterogeneous Nature: Includes stereotypic body movements, rituals, and restricted interests
• Association with Autism: Most strongly linked with autism but also present in other clinical disorders and typical development
• Emphasis: RRBs are also seen in typical development

Examples of RRBs

• Common Behaviors:
  • Lining up toys
  • Repeating words or phrases
  • Requiring sameness
  • Agitation with changes

Causes and Functions

• Reaction to Anxiety: Often thought to be a response to anxiety
• Diagnosis Requirement: Must be present for an autism spectrum diagnosis
• Prevalence in General Populace: Many people exhibit RRBs without having autism

Personal Examples

• Shannon's Rules: Personal rules and behaviors that are restrictive (e.g., not sitting on the bed in outside pants)
• General Observation: Almost everyone has some repetitive or restrictive behavior

Impact on Life

• Positive Aspects: Can indicate passion and focus
• Negative Aspects: Can interfere with life goals (e.g., relationships)
• Example: Howie Mandel's aversion to handshakes and his workaround with fist bumps

Strategies to Address RRBs

• Behavioral Function: Understand the purpose of the behavior
• Anxiety Consideration: Removing a behavior without addressing underlying anxiety can increase anxiety
• Alternative Solutions: Offering more productive behaviors
• Medication: Can help some individuals by quieting the compulsion

Compassion and Understanding

• General Acceptance: Everyone has some RRBs
• Purposefulness: Behaviors usually serve a purpose and should not be removed without understanding
• Pop Culture Reference: Sheldon from "Big Bang Theory" and his knocking compulsion

Conclusion

• Key Takeaway: Be compassionate and understanding towards RRBs, recognize their purpose, and offer alternatives instead of removing them abruptly.

Closing

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