there are two types of glands in the body indica and exocrine exocrine glands are going to secrete their material to a surface so it can be circles of your mouth your nose your intestines your skin but the material is always going to be secreted to a surface but as endocrine glands are going to be secreting the material into the blood so basically they're producing hormones which are then released into your bloodstream when we talk about exocrine glands there's always going to be a secretory portion that releases the material into a duct which then goes to some type of surface on surface and as you can see there's lots of different types of exocrine glands I'm not worried that y'all are familiar with these types my concern is that you understand that there's this secreting portion then there's the portion that goes into then the secreting portion it releases material into the dachshund and the ducts go to the surface know how exocrine glands actually release their material is called the functional classification and there's three of the American apron and holocron Americans Americans the most common what we have here is we have the nucleus ER Golgi apparatus so the ER is gonna be packaging material that's gonna go into the Golgi apparatus and it's gonna be repackaged and release as vacuoles these vacuoles are going to fuse with the cell's membrane and release their materials to the outside of the cell this is called exocytosis so Americans secretion releases the material through exocytosis these little vesicles are fusing with the membrane and exiting the materials exiting outside this is the most common it's going to be your typical sweat glands your Glantz next is apricot apricot we see that we have the same stuff we have the ER and then the Golgi apparatus the ER releases stuff it goes to the Golgi apparatus where it's repackaged and then the Golgi apparatus releases all of these vesicles well an apron secretion the vesicles aren't going to be going through exocytosis instead a piece of the cell will actually pinch off and that's going to be what forms your secretion apron secretions are going to be a little bit thicker because it's actually a piece of the cell that's being secreted not just what's inside the vesicles we see apron secretion in mammary glands as well as some special types of sweat glands called apron glands and then last is whole or in secretion Poliquin secretion the name basically tells you what's going on the entire cell the whole cell is being secreted as the product so this is going to be the thickest secretion and we find these in your oil or sebaceous glands with holocrine secretion the cells need to be very proliferative which just means they Neah undergo mitosis very rapidly because when we lose entire cells to maintain homeostasis we must replace those cells so in holocrine glands as we can see these cells undergo mitosis pretty rapidly now membranes are sheets of tissues and they're going to be lining structures in your body we have three sets of epithelial membranes and one type of connective tissue membranes the four types of membranes all together are going to be mucous membranes serous membranes cutaneous membrane and then the synovial membranes the first three mucous serious and cutaneous are all going to be composed of epithelial tissue whereas the last one synovial is going to be composed of connective tissue so the first membrane is the mucous membranes and mucous membranes are always gonna line the body cavities that open to the outside of the body so your mouth is a mucous membrane your esophagus is a mucous membrane your stomach small intestines large intestines anus are all mucous membranes the vagina is a mucous membrane the trachea is a mucous membrane anything that opens to the outside of the body is going to be a mucous membrane and the other thing about mucous membranes is that the connective tissue has a special name to it called lamina propria and it's gonna be this areolar connective tissue that has a high amount of lymphatic vessels in it and what this does is it helps with immunity as well as some mucous production so since mucous membranes are found in many different areas of the body they're not gonna all be composed to the same type of epithelial tissue so we just said that a mucous membrane is found mouth esophagus stomach intestines and anus well those all are going to have different tissues and then we also said the mucous membranes found in the trachea the bronchi so again these are different tissues so depending on where in the body you talk about the mucous membranes gonna be made out of different types of epithelial tissue so your mouth and esophagus are gonna be lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous your small and large intestines as well as the stomach are gonna be lined by simple columnar remember this has micro villi and then your anus will also be lined by stratified squamous so even though we're talking about all of these areas so mouth esophagus stomach small intestines large intestines to anus they're going to be made out of different tissues depending on the function that needs to be performed but your trachea and your lungs and your bronchi are all going to have different tissues also so your nose and mouth are also strong five squamous are they open to the outside the air we breathe in goes down your trachea which is made out of pseudo stratified ciliated columnar that goes into your bronchi which are also made of a pseudo stratified ciliated columnar but then you may have all these branches off the bronchi called the bronchioles that's gonna be silly it's simple columnar so again we can see that we have different tissues that are gonna indirectly or directly open to the outside of the body any tissue that indirectly or directly opens to the outside of the body is considered a mucous membrane okay for the urethra that's the part of the body that connects the bladder to the outside world that's going to be stratified squamous and then in the reproductive systems for the male's the urethra is the stratified squamous and then for the female in the vagina is the stratified squamous now serous membranes are gonna line cavities that don't open to the outside of the body serous membranes are going to be found on the outside of organs and there's always going to be lining the organs there's going to be two layers of serous membranes if you remember we term serous membranes mesothelium they're made out of stratified squamous and they still are going to sit on connective tissue so we have two layers of serous membranes we have the visceral layer in the parietal layer the visceral layer is the layer that touches the organ the parietal layer is the layer that's going to line the cavity or surround the organ the serous membranes while they're always called visceral and parietal we become more specific when we're referring to certain areas of the body so we have serous membranes covering your heart your lungs and then all of your abdominal pelvic organs so the serous membranes that cover your heart are known as the visceral and the parietal pericardium the visceral is the layer that touches the heart the parietal is the layer that's going to surround the heart for the lungs they're called visceral of parietal pleura this visceral is the layer that touch the lung the parietal pleura is a layer that forms the cavity around the lung and then for all of your abdominal pelvic organs your liver stomach intestines all of these are gonna be surrounded by the peritoneum and we sell two layers visceral is the one that touches the organs and the parietal is gonna be when that lines our surrounds the organs and then the last epithelial membrane is going to be cutaneous the cutaneous membrane is going to make up your skin and the top layer of your skin is made out of epithelia and this is going to be keratinized stratified squamous this membrane is going to be a very protective membrane since it's on the outside of your body now the last membrane is not a epithelial membrane it is a connective tissue membrane and we find these in freely movable joints so your synovial joints your synovial joints are unique because they have a cavity called the synovial cavity and this cavity is lined by the synovial membrane it's mostly made up of areolar tissue but there will be some adipose tissue which is your fat tissue in it and it's also going to have these special cells called synovial sites and those are going to help produce synovial fluid that will fill the cavity