Particles in a liquid are close together but can move over each other.
This movement allows liquids to flow.
Pressure in Liquids
Acts in All Directions: Unlike solids, pressure in liquids acts in all directions due to the ability of particles to move and collide with each other and the container walls.
Incompressible: Liquids cannot be compressed because their particles are closely packed.
Applications: Brake Systems
Brake systems use liquid to transfer pressure.
Pressure applied on a brake lever is transferred through brake fluid in cables to activate the brake pads.
Presence of air in cables hinders the pressure transfer, causing malfunction.
Pressure Variation with Depth
Increases with Depth: As depth increases, so does the pressure within the liquid.
Demonstration: In a water-filled container with holes at different heights, water from lower holes will exit with greater force due to higher pressure.
Engineering Consideration: Dams
Dams are constructed with thicker walls at the bottom to withstand higher pressure due to water depth.
Implications for Divers
Pressure and Depth: As divers descend, the weight of water above increases, increasing the pressure on their bodies.
Divers experience more difficulty at greater depths due to increased pressure in all directions.