IGCS Study BU - Organic Chemistry (Part 2)

Introduction

• Channel: IGCS Study BU
• Topic: Part 2 of Topic 11 Organic Chemistry, Cambridge IGCSE syllabus
• Focus: Naming organic compounds

Naming Organic Compounds

• Organic compound names provide:
  • Homologous series or family
  • Number of carbon atoms
• Homologous Series Reviewed:
  • Alkanes
  • Alkenes
  • Alcohols
  • Carboxylic acids

Identifying Homologous Series

• Suffixes/Endings:
  • -ane: Alkanes (e.g., Ethane)
  • -ene: Alkenes (e.g., Ethene)
  • -ol: Alcohols (e.g., Ethanol)
  • -oic acid: Carboxylic acids (e.g., Ethanoic acid)

Identifying Number of Carbon Atoms

• Prefixes indicating carbon atoms:
  • Meth-: 1 carbon atom
  • Eth-: 2 carbon atoms
  • Prop-: 3 carbon atoms
  • But-: 4 carbon atoms
  • Pent-: 5 carbon atoms
  • Hex-: 6 carbon atoms

Functional Groups Recap

• Alkanes: Only single C-C bonds
• Alkenes: C=C double bond
• Alcohols: -OH group
• Carboxylic acids: -COOH group

Example Analysis

1. CH₄ (Methane):

   • 1 carbon atom (Meth-)
   • Only single bonds (Alkane)
   • Name: Methane

2. C₂H₄ (Ethene):

   • 2 carbon atoms (Eth-)
   • C=C double bond (Alkene)
   • Name: Ethene

3. C₃H₇OH (Propanol):

   • 3 carbon atoms (Prop-)
   • -OH group (Alcohol)
   • Name: Propanol

4. C₄H₈O₂ (Butanoic acid):

   • 4 carbon atoms (But-)
   • -COOH group (Carboxylic acid)
   • Name: Butanoic acid

Drawing Displayed Formulas

• Methane: CH₄
• Ethane: C₂H₆
• Ethene: C₂H₄
• Ethanol: C₂H₅OH
• Ethanoic Acid: CH₃COOH

Conclusion

• Summary: Reviewed naming and identifying organic compounds by names, molecular formulas, and displayed formulas.
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