Overview
This lecture explains the Missouri Compromise of 1820, its provisions, and its significant role in the escalating national debate over slavery in the United States.
Historical Context
- In 1820, the US had 22 states: 11 free and 11 slave states.
- Missouri, from the Louisiana Purchase, wanted to join as a slave state, threatening the balance.
- Slavery was a deeply divisive national issue, fueling conflicts between regions and political ideologies.
The Debate Over Slavery
- Northerners argued that Congress should be able to prohibit slavery in new states.
- Southerners supported popular sovereignty, allowing states to decide on slavery themselves.
- The core issue was maintaining equal political power between free and slave states.
The Missouri Compromise
- Missouri was admitted as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state to keep balance.
- The compromise banned slavery in Louisiana Purchase lands north of latitude 36°30', except Missouri.
- The agreement maintained the status quo but did not address or abolish existing slavery.
Lasting Impact
- The Compromise temporarily eased tensions but failed to resolve the deeper conflict over slavery.
- The debate over slavery and congressional power continued, contributing to the eventual Civil War.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Missouri Compromise — An 1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while banning slavery north of 36°30'.
- Popular Sovereignty — The idea that states should vote to decide if they permit slavery.
- Louisiana Purchase — Territory acquired by the US from France in 1803, including Missouri.
- Status Quo — Maintaining the existing state of affairs, especially regarding slavery.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review readings on the Missouri Compromise and its role in pre-Civil War tensions.
- Prepare to discuss how compromises can delay but not resolve major national conflicts.