Important Grammar Lecture

Overview

• Focus on English grammar essentials:
  • Prepositions
  • Basic grammar rules
  • Articles ("a" vs "the")
  • English tenses

Prepositions

At vs In

• In: Major places (countries, cities, continents)
  • Ex: In Europe, In Rome
• At: Smaller, specific locations
  • Ex: At the farmer's market, at the airport

All vs All Of

• All of: Used with pronouns (us, them, me)
  • Ex: All of us, all of them
• All: Used otherwise
  • Ex: All the students, all the children

In vs On vs At (Time)

• In: General measurements (in two days)
• On: Specific dates (on Monday, on September 21st)
• At: Specific times (at 12 p.m.)

Beside vs Besides

• Beside: Nearby
  • Ex: Beside the river
• Besides: In addition to
  • Ex: Besides two suitcases

Among vs Between

• Among: More than two objects
  • Ex: Among classmates
• Between: Specifically two objects
  • Ex: Between the cinema and home

On vs Upon

• Interchangeable but Upon is more formal

To vs Than

• Followed by specific words (senior, junior, prefer) use to
  • Ex: Senior to me
• Otherwise, use than
  • Ex: Better than me

In vs Into

• In: Located in an enclosed space
  • Ex: In the classroom
• Into: Movement toward something
  • Ex: Into my office

For vs Since

• For: Measures a period
  • Ex: For 5 years
• Since: Marks a start date
  • Ex: Since 2014

Agree With vs Agree To

• Agree with: Agreement with a person
• Agree to: Agreement to a plan

To vs For

• To: Destination, time phrases, comparing
  • Ex: Going to Germany, quarter to two
• For: Benefits, periods, schedules
  • Ex: Gift for my friend, for 4 years

Common Situations

• To for direction, movement, comparison
• For for purpose, reason, benefit

Basic Grammar Rules

Parts of Speech

• Nouns: Objects or subjects
• Pronouns: Substitutes for nouns
• Verbs: Describe actions
• Adjectives: Describe nouns
• Adverbs: Describe actions or adjectives
• Prepositions: Before nouns to modify phrases
• Conjunctions: Connect sentences
• Articles: A, an, the

Articles

• A: General, first mention
• The: Specific, known objects

Tenses

Present Simple

• Used for habits, general truths
• Marker words: every day, usually, often

Past Simple

• Used for past actions
• Marker words: yesterday, last week, ago

Future Simple

• Used for future actions
• Marker words: tomorrow, next week, soon

Present Progressive

• Used for ongoing actions
• Marker words: now, at the moment

Present Perfect

• Describes past actions affecting the present
• Marker words: ever, never, already, yet

Word Order

• Subject, Verb, Object
• Adverb before verb
• Adjective before noun

Key Differences

• Differences in sentence meaning based on tense and word order adjustments.

Practice Resources

• Grammar books and workbooks available.
• Interactive exercises and downloadable content.

Tenses Course

• Detailed course on tenses with exercises.
• Promo codes available for discounts.

Additional Advice

• Practice regularly to internalize grammar rules.
• Pay attention to context when choosing tenses and prepositions.
• Use resources like grammar books to aid learning.

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These notes cover the main points from the lecture on English grammar, focusing on different aspects such as prepositions, articles, basic grammar rules, punctuation, and tenses. Additional resources and practice materials are suggested for mastering the topics.