Overview
This lecture introduces malware, explaining its main types, how they spread, and strategies to prevent infection.
What is Malware?
- Malware is malicious software designed to exploit computers for illegal gain, often by stealing sensitive data.
- Other purposes of malware include cyber vandalism, espionage, activism, and warfare.
How Malware Spreads
- Malware can enter computers from file downloads, infected websites, or email attachments/links.
- Peer-to-peer file sharing and opening executable files are common infection methods.
Types of Malware
- Viruses attach to executable files and spread when infected programs are opened.
- Trojans appear as legitimate software and require users to run them, enabling theft or remote control.
- Ransomware locks your device or data, demanding payment to restore access.
- Spyware secretly tracks user activity, including keystrokes, to steal passwords and sensitive information.
- Worms are standalone programs that self-replicate, spreading across networks without user action.
Differences Between Viruses and Worms
- Viruses need a host file and user action to spread, while worms duplicate independently using networks.
- Worms exploit weak security, outdated software, and lack of antivirus protection.
Protecting Against Malware
- Regularly update your operating system with patches and updates.
- Use trusted antivirus software to detect and block malware.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Malware — malicious software aimed at exploiting or harming computer systems.
- Virus — malware attached to executable files, requires user action to spread.
- Trojan — deceptive software that appears legitimate and tricks users into running it.
- Ransomware — malware that locks devices or files and demands payment for release.
- Spyware — software that secretly collects information from a user's computer.
- Worm — standalone malware that self-replicates and spreads across networks.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Keep your operating system and software updated with the latest security patches.
- Install and regularly update antivirus software from a reputable vendor.