Dart Programming Language Tutorial by Mahmoud Asan

Introduction

• Dart is the main programming language for developing cross-platform mobile applications using the Flutter framework.
• Suitable for those familiar with other programming languages.

Installing Dart SDK

• Visit the Dart website to download the SDK.
• Dart SDK has versions for Windows, Linux, and Mac.
• Visual Studio Code is recommended for writing Dart code.
• DartPad (dartpad.dartlang.org) can be used to write and run Dart code online without installation.

Basic Setup

• Install Dart extension in Visual Studio Code for syntax highlighting.
• Use the built-in terminal in Visual Studio Code to run Dart code.

Features of Dart

Dart Basics

• Dart is a static and compiled programming language.
• Supports both Ahead of Time (AOT) and Just In Time (JIT) compilation.
• Variables are defined with var, String, int, double, etc.
• Supports dynamic type with dynamic keyword.
• Main function syntax: void main() {}.

Variables

• Type inference: Dart automatically infers the variable type.
• Example: var firstName = "Muhammad"; infers String type.
• Supports string interpolation using $.

Comments

• Inline comments: // comment
• Block comments: /* comment */
• Documentation comments: /// comment

Data Types

• Basic types: int, double, String, bool, dynamic.
• Supports type conversion using int.parse(), double.parse(), .toString().
• Constants are defined using const and final.

Operators

• Standard operators: +, -, *, /, %.
• Relational operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=.
• Logical operators: &&, ||, !.*

Conditional Statements

• if, else if, else for conditional logic.
• switch statements for multiple conditions.

Loops

• for, for in, forEach, while, do while loops.
• Use break to exit a loop and continue to skip an iteration.

Collections

• List: Ordered collection, similar to arrays.
• Set: Unordered collection of unique items.
• Map: Collection of key-value pairs, similar to dictionaries.

Functions

• Defined with returnType functionName(parameters) {}.
• Supports arrow functions for concise syntax.
• Anonymous functions (lambda) without a name.
• Positional and named parameters in functions.

Object-Oriented Programming

Classes

• Defined using class ClassName {}.
• Constructor methods for initializing objects.
• Named constructors for differentiated object creation.
• Supports inheritance using extends.

Method Overriding

• Override methods in subclass with @override annotation.

Getters and Setters

• Define custom getters and setters using get and set keywords.

Exception Handling

• Use try, catch, and finally for error handling.
• throw keyword to raise exceptions.
• Specific exceptions can be handled using on ExceptionType syntax.

Conclusion

• Dart is robust for building cross-platform applications using Flutter.
• Encouraged to explore more on Dart and Flutter.

Additional Resources

• Visit Mahmoud Asan's YouTube channel for more tutorials.
• Engage in the comment section for questions and discussions.