topic 6.3 transcription here are some of the questions that we'll be addressing explain the overall flow of genetic information within cells what are the principal forms of RNA and what is the function of each explain what happens during transcription I'm Mr W from learnbiology tocom where we believe that interaction and feedback is what leads to deep substantial learning we're so sure of that that we provide a money back guarantee that comes with your subscription explain the overall flow of genetic information within cells this is the central dogma of molecular genetics which is DNA makes RNA makes protein information flows from a sequence of DNA triplets to a sequence of mRNA codons to a sequence of amino acids what is a gene if you've been following this series we looked at this slide in unit five but now let's look at it again in the context of molecular genetics a gene is the basic unit of heredity passed from parent Offspring it determines a trait in terms of molecular genetics it's a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for RNA which codes for protein list the principal forms of RNA and describe the function of each one mRNA or messenger RNA is a linear molecule and it brings instructions from DNA to ribosomes our RNA ribosomal RNA makes up the catalytic part of ribosomes and binds amino acids together during protein synthesis ribosomes are these particles that are composed of our RNA and protein we'll look at them in depth later but they're essentially enzymes and they're the enzymes that bind amino acids together during protein synthesis trnas transfer RNA bring specific amino acid to the ribosomes again for protein synthesis small rnas are a large group of rnas of different shapes and sizes and they're involved in eukariotic gene regulation what happens during transcription transcription is the creation of RNA which we see over here in Blue from DNA every Gene begins with a promoter region that indicates that that's where the gene starts and during transcription an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds with the Promoter on DNA then it transcribes the sequence of DNA bases on DNA's template strand into a sequence of RNA RNA polymerase like all of the enzymes involved in working with DNA reads the DNA in the thre Prime to five Prime Direction and synthesizes new RNA in the five Prime to thre Prime Direction and when the the RNA polymerase reaches a Terminator region which is at the end of the gene it dissociates from the DNA ending transcription is AP Bio making you feel overwhelmed and inadequate that's completely reasonable at learn biology.com we understand why students struggle with AP Bio the material is complex the pace is brutal and the vocabulary is ridiculous but at learn biology.com we've created a way that makes it easier for you to study go to learn biology.com sign up for a free trial and complete our interactive tutorials and interactive apbio exam reviews we guarantee you a four or five on the AP Bio exam see you on learn biology.com Define and describe template strand minus strand non-coding strand or anti-sense strand in relationship to RNA transcription the template strand it's this one over here in blue it's also called The non-coating Strand The anti-sense Strand and the minus strand that's what gets transcribed from DNA into RNA the complementary strand to the template strand is called the coding strand why because you can see that it has the same sequence of nucleotides as the MRNA will here's the coding strand g g t t AA here's the RNA that's being produced g g u u u substitutes for T in RNA a a so GG uu a a g g TT AA it's the same why is it the same because it was created in response to this template strand over here that's why the coding strand is called the Cent strand or the positive strand what are some unique features of procaryotic transcription procaryotes don't have a nucleus there's no separation between the genetic material and the cytoplasm as a result in procaryotes transcribed RNA which is shown here at D can immediately be translated by ribosomes into protein and that's what you see as these strands over here often multiple ribosomes read the same RNA strand these multiple ribosomes are sometimes called polysomes and you can see them in a more zoomed in version over here want to learn more sign up for a free trial of the website that guarantees your AP biology success learn biology.com and watch this next video