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Algebra and Logarithm Review

Sep 8, 2025

Overview

This exam assesses students' ability to apply algebraic methods, including solving equations, simplifying expressions, working with polynomials, and using logarithms to solve real-life problems.

Question One: Algebraic Manipulation and Polynomials

  • Convert x² + 8x − 5 to the form (x + p)² + q (completing the square).
  • Find the discriminant of 3x² + 2 = 5x (use b² − 4ac).
  • Express 1/(t + t − 5) as a single fraction over t² − 13t.
  • Given f(x) = 3x³ + ax² + bx + c with roots at x = 2, 13, 4, find a, b, c using Vieta’s formulas.
  • Simplify (x/32 + x/12 − x/12 − x/12) / (x/32 − x/12) to x + 1/(x(x − 1)).

Question Two: Equations and Application

  • Solve the equation 3x − 14 = 5/x.
  • Simplify (9x² + 30x + 25)/(5x + 3x²).
  • Find k so that the roots of x² − 2x/(4x − 1) = (k − 1)/(k + 1) are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
  • Calculate the area of a circle (letter O) in terms of x for a logo with circle radius r.
  • If the rectangle's area is 10 cm², find its length x.

Question Three: Logarithms and Quadratics

  • Solve for x in x = log₅ 625.
  • Solve 9^(2x+3) = 127 for x.
  • Given log_b(x) = 2 and log_3b(y) = 2, express y in terms of x.
  • Solve 3x² − 4kx + k² = 0 for x in terms of k using the quadratic formula.
  • Show with d = 10 log₁₀(P/P₀) that a cooling fan (38 dB) is >6× as intense as a heat pump (30 dB).

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Discriminant — In ax² + bx + c = 0, the discriminant is b² − 4ac, indicating the nature of roots.
  • Completing the Square — Rewriting a quadratic as (x + p)² + q.
  • Vieta’s Formulas — Relates polynomial roots to its coefficients.
  • Logarithm — The power to which a base must be raised to yield a number.
  • Decibel (dB) — Logarithmic unit measuring sound intensity, calculated with d = 10 log₁₀(P/P₀).

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Attempt all questions, showing full working.
  • Use Formulae Sheet L2MATHF for reference.
  • Ensure all answers and workings are in the provided spaces.
  • Review algebraic methods, especially quadratics, logarithms, and simplifying expressions.