Overview
This lecture compares the concept of the self in Western and Eastern philosophies, with special attention to Confucianism, Taoism, and their influence on Filipino identity.
Western Concept of the Self
- Western philosophy is individualistic, focusing on personal identity and achievement.
- Emphasizes dualities, distinguishing the self from others and from God.
- Influenced by Greek philosophy, Roman traditions, and Judeo-Christian beliefs.
- Values equality, fair competition, and personal success.
- Ethics are central, concerned with deciding right and wrong.
- Services to God and community are stressed due to Christian influence.
- The focus is on self-development and individual goals, often prioritizing personal needs.
Eastern Concept of the Self
- Eastern philosophy is mainly collectivist, rooted in Asian—especially Chinese—traditions.
- Emphasizes unity, harmony, and the interconnectedness of people and nature.
- Three main schools: Confucianism, Taoism, and another focused on renouncing attachments.
- Confucianism: Values self-cultivation, virtue, and putting social harmony above personal needs.
- The ideal self in Confucianism is the "chunzu," or noble person, who represses personal desires for the good of society.
- Taoism: Rejects rigid definitions, values a free-flowing and paradoxical approach, sees self as part of the universe.
- Self is often considered an illusion resulting from ignorance, and liberation comes from overcoming attachments and desires.
- Virtue is central, with repeated good actions building character.
Filipino Concept of the Self
- Filipino identity is influenced by both Western and Eastern philosophies due to colonization and regional history.
- The Filipino self is a blend of collectivist (Eastern) concern for society and individualistic (Western) self-development.
- There is an ongoing reflection on whether Filipinos prioritize the community or personal growth.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Philosophy — Study of wisdom or knowledge about human existence, reality, and values.
- Individualism — Prioritizing personal goals and independence (Western).
- Collectivism — Prioritizing group harmony and community needs (Eastern).
- Confucianism — Chinese philosophy focusing on virtue, self-cultivation, and social harmony.
- Taoism — Philosophy valuing unity with nature, flexibility, and acceptance of paradox.
- Chunzu — Confucian ideal of a virtuous, noble person.
- Ethics — Principles determining what is morally right or wrong.
- Virtue — Habitual good character and moral excellence.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Reflect on whether personal values align more with Western individualism or Eastern collectivism.
- Prepare a representation or short essay on the Filipino self, considering both influences.