Objects and Classes in Python

Creating a Class

• Begin with defining a class, e.g., class Guitar:
• Use the __init__ method to initialize class attributes. def __init__(self, self): self.n_strings = 6
• Access these attributes by creating an object. my_guitar = Guitar() print(my_guitar.n_strings) # Outputs: 6

Methods in Classes

• Methods add functionality to classes. def play(self): print('🎶')
• Call methods on an object. my_guitar.play() # Outputs: 🎶
• Automatically call a method within the __init__ method. def __init__(self, self): self.n_strings = 6 self.play()

Inheritance

• Create a new class that inherits from an existing class. class ElectricGuitar(Guitar): pass
• Add or override methods and attributes. class ElectricGuitar(Guitar): def play_louder(self): print('🎶'.upper())
• Use the super() function to access parent methods. def __init__(self, self): super().__init__() self.n_strings = 8

Private Members

• Use double underscores to make members private. self.__cost = 50 print(my_guitar.__cost) # Error
• Access private members through class name. print(my_guitar._ElectricGuitar__cost) # Works ```__

Adding New Attributes

• Modify __init__ method to accept new attributes. def __init__(self, self, n_strings=6): self.n_strings = n_strings
• Create another class with minimal code repetition. class BassGuitar(Guitar): pass

Example Summary

• Created classes and methods
• Showed inheritance and adding/updating methods and attributes
• Discussed private members and their limitations in Python
• Demonstrated how to avoid code repetition using parameters with default values

Conclusion

• Practice more with the