Revision Series: Class Tenth Social Science

History: The Beginning of Globalization

Introduction

• Globalization: An ancient process, a journey from ancient times to the modern era.
• From Pre-modern to Modern World: The main theme is how we transitioned from ancient times to the modern age.

Factors of Change

• Change through Trade: Trade facilitated the journey from the pre-modern to the modern world.
• Journey of Food Items: The journey of food items like pasta and potatoes as an example.

Culture and Trade

• Trade of Ancient Times: Trade of items like china clay and textiles.
• Silk Route: An important route connecting the world.
• Journey of Food Items: The journey of food items and their cultural impact.

Disease, Conquest, and Trade

• Impact of Diseases: Significant contribution of smallpox in European conquests.
• Impact of World War I: Effect on the economies of European countries, rise of America.

Technological Advances and the Global Economy

• Technological Advances in the 19th Century: Invention of railways and refrigerated ships.
• Meat Trade: Improvement in meat trade with the invention of refrigerated ships.

Colonialism and Global Impact

• Rise of Colonialism: Control of various regions by European powers.
• Impact on Africa: Decline in African economy due to the rinderpest disease.

Indentured Labor

• Migration of Indentured Labor: Migration of Indian and Chinese laborers and related issues.

Indian Trade and the Global System

• Indian Trade under Colonial Rule: Import of British products and reduction in the export of Indian textiles.

Interwar Economy

• Economy Post World War I: Economic decline and reconstruction following the war.

Bretton Woods and Globalization

• Bretton Woods Institutions: Establishment of IMF and World Bank and their purpose.
• New International Economic Order (NIEO): Group of developing countries and their demands.

Reconstruction of the Global Economy

• Reconstruction Post World War II: Rise of the USA and Soviet Union.

Conclusion

• Collapse of the Bretton Woods System: Change from fixed currency exchange rates to fluctuating rates regime.
• Beginning of Globalization: Entry of MNCs in Asian countries and their impacts.

These notes will help class tenth social science students review the chapter.