okay looks like we're making good headway we're gonna just move right along and go to chapter 12 the respiratory system name the organs of the respiratory system describe their location function identify various pathological conditions and learn the medical terms that pertain to respiration describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations basically the common theme that we've done with the reproductive system cardiovascular system and now we're going to do the same thing with the respiratory system so external respiration is the exchange of air in lung capillaries oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs immediately passes into the capillaries carbon dioxide passes from the capillaries into air sacs to be exhaled so you breathe in oxygen and you breathe out carbon dioxide that's why if you talk to your plants the plants love it because they take in that carbon dioxide and release oxygen so it's a it's a symbiotic relationship so that's why people say oh you should talk to your plants but really what you're doing is just giving them carbon dioxide internal respiration exchange of gases in the cells occurs simultaneously between cells and capillaries oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues and then carbon dioxide passes out of the tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs the mediastinum is the middle of the chest where trachea divides into two branches the bronchi leads to a separate lung the lungs lobes are not mirror images remember the right lung has three lobes and the left has two the helium is the where the blood vessels nerves and lymphatic tissue and bronchotubes enter and exit so if you look at the anatomy of the respiratory system here are the lungs the right lung has three lobes the left has two conduct air so the nose you need the nasal cavities the pharynx the larynx and the trachea in order to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen you need bronchioles alveoli and the lung capillaries so basically you breathe in nose through your nose then it goes into the nasal cavities and the paranasal sciences then it goes into the pharynx then it goes to the larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli and the lung capillaries send it to the bloodstream the vocabulary you have the adenoids alveolus and the apex of the lung so adenoids are lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx pharyngeal tonsils alveoli or alveolus are air sacs in the lungs the apex of the lung is the tip or uppermost portion of the lung base of the lung bronchioles and bronchus based along the lower portion so the apex is the top and the base is the lower bronchioles the smallest branches of bronchial bronchus the branch of trachei windpipe that is passageway to the lung carbon dioxide cilia diaphragm carbon dioxide gas produced by body cells when oxygen carbon atoms from food combine exhaled through the lungs cilia our thin hairs attached to mucous membranes lining that respiratory tract that will help guide the mucus out so if you smoke the nicotine will paralyze those cilia that's why you see a lot of people have a smoker's cough the diaphragm muscles separating the chest and abdomen contracts to pull air into the lungs relaxes to push air out epiglottis exploration the glottis so the epiglottis is a lid like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx keeps food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing expiration breathing out exhalation and the glottis is a slit-like opening so the glottis is an opening but the epiglottis is the actual lid okay hilum of the lung inspiration and larynx healing the lung is the midline region where the bronchi blood vessels and nerves enter and exit inspiration is breathing in inhalation so and the larynx is the voice box contains the vocal cords you have the low mediastinum and the nares lobe is division of the lung remember you have three lobes on the right two on the left the mediastinum the region between the lungs and the chest cavity contains the trachea heart lymph nodes aorta esophagus and bronchial tubes and there's openings through the nose carrying into the nasal cavities oxygen palatine tonsils so oxygen gas makes up about 21 percent of air passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all parts of the body cells the palatine tonsils uh one a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx and remember lymphatic system is about the immune system and we haven't really talked about the lymphatic tissues as well but they're really there to get all the toxins out of your body paranasal sinus parietal pleura and the pharynx the perinasal sinus one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose the parietal pleura outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall and the pharynx the throat including the nasopharynx oropharynx and the laryngopharynx pleura pleural cavity pulmonary cavity i'm sorry pulmonary parenchyma plural is the double folded membrane surrounding each lung the pleural cavity is a space between the folds of the pleura and the pulmonary parenchyma is essential parts of the lung responsible for respiration bronchials and alveoli so respiration trachea and the visceral pleura again the respiration is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs which is technically breathing trachea is the windpipe visceral pleural inner fold of pleural lying closer to the lung tissue okay what is the tip or uppermost of the lung well that's c as an apex and the base is the lower part you have adenoids or adenoid is the combining form so again the whole purpose of medical terminology is not so you uh memorize all these long words it's to learn combining forms suffix suffixes so if i say adenoid if i did add in no ectomy you know ectomy means removal so that would be removal of the adenoids or adenoid hypertrophy you know hypertrophy means excessive development or enlargement alveola is alveolus or alveolar is pertaining to air sacs broncho bronchial tube what about a bronchospasm so a bronchospasm is involuntary contraction of muscles in the walls of the bronchial tubes or bronchi means bronchus so bronchiectasis would be dilation in the bronchial tubes what about bronchiolitis that would be inflammation of the bronchioles capno is carbon dioxide so hypercapnia which is dangerous which would be excessive carbon dioxide in the blood so again you're just combining learning the the words combining words learning the prefixes and the suffixes and basically that's medical turnout and terminology and you guys are doing a fantastic job so far so connie is dust so pneumoconiosis would be abnormal condition of dust in the lungs pneumo is lungs connie dust osis is abnormal condition cyanosis is blue so conditioned blue is discoloration of skin usually because they lack some oxygen so really the treatment for cyanosis would be give them supplemental oxygen epiglottis is the epiglon epiglottitis would be inflammation of the epiglottis laryngeal would be the larynx so laryngeal pertaining to the larynx lobe lobectomy removal of the lobe and mediastinum would be just the media acid and space nasal is nose so paranasal sciences pertaining to the space in the skull that are near alongside the nose nasal gastric tube to place from the nose into the stomach ortho is straight so orthopedia orthopedia breathing discomfort in any but erect sitting or standing straight due to decreased oxygen in the blood so orthopedia breathing discover in any but erect sitting or standing straight due to decreased oxygen okay oxygen so hypoxia deficiency of oxygen pectoral chest how about pectoral girdle okay pectoralis major pectoralis minor pharyngeal so pharyngeal pertaining to the throat phono how about dysphonia which is difficult abnormal voice friend is a diaphragm so the phrenic nerve is the nerve carrying messages to the brain to the diaphragm pleura you have lots of pleuritic pertaining to inflammation pleural pleurodynia pain associated with inflammation or irritation of the pleura pneumo pneumothorax is air within the pleural cavity around the lungs hemo pneumothorax would be blood in there pneumonitis inflammation of the lungs pneumonia condition of the lungs right rhino is nose or rhinoplasty surgical repair of the nose or rhinorrhea discharge from the nose a runny nose sinus sinus cavity sinusitis inflammation of the sinuses spur sparrow breathing spirometer is an instrument to measure your breathing if you have asthma you have to breathe into a spirometer tail complete atelectasis would be incomplete expansion of the lungs thoracic chest tonsils tons of tonsillectomy removal of the tonsils and trachea like a tracheotomy is incision of the trachea or tracheal pertaining to the trachea and then emma would be a condition osmonia smell apnea breathing dyspnea apnea heptus spitting so hemoptysis fixia pulse and thorax is plural so there you go