this is a video Lesson for first language English itcse in which we're going to take a close look at the six different text types that you could be asked to write in your exams we'll also have a look at exemplars of each of these different texts so you can get an idea of the kind of thing that you might be asked to write you can download all of the resources for this video Lesson including this PowerPoint a worksheet and even take a review quiz over in totally.co.uk which is linked Below in this video description do head over there if you want to find more content for your exams if you're a teacher or a student there's something over there for you beginning Now with an overview of question three so the question three is also known as the extended response it's the third question on your reading paper one so for this question you will be given a text to read is usually some form of story and you will have to turn it into one of these text types a letter a newspaper report Journal a speech an interview or a magazine article generally you should write about two to four pages for this question depending on the size of your handwriting now if you're also doing the exams you're not doing coursework on your paper to the writing exam you could also be asked to write a speech an interview or a magazine article so you can see that these six specific text types are very very important to us especially if you're doing exam route because you've got two different opportunities where they could come up some general writing advice for you so whenever you approach an exam and you're asked to write something you should always think about the Vault and I know this isn't a very catchy acronym but it's useful so here is what VAP stands for voice audience register purpose and format what do you guess that these words might mean for Cambridge first language English beginning with voice so voice is essentially who are you writing as whose voice are you assuming are you taking on so are you writing as a grandmother as a student as a concerned citizen as a mother as a father as a teacher whose voice are you trying to copy audience and is who you are writing to so you've got your voice yourself your audience the person that you're directing your writing to and that could be a literal audience right it could be like you're giving a speech to your local neighborhood or it could be just one person like if you were writing a letter to your mother the mother would be the audience next up is register which is essentially how formal or informal your language should be like how casual should you be how polite and respectful should you be a quick hint then that for Cambridge it always falls between formal and semi-formal you'll never be asked to write something very informal because Cambridge they already know that you can write using slang you're teenagers that's not a problem so essentially it's are you writing as though you're writing to your boss or your head teacher and you've got to be very polite and very very formal all right you write into your best friend in which case you can be more casual um I've seen students for example talk about anyways which would be too informal for any context in Cambridge so do make sure that you're always grammatically accurate and not using slang but yes register is basically are you writing formally or semi-formally for this exam purple sun is why are you writing what is your purpose why why do this are you discussing persuading arguing informing entertaining describing narrating or analyzing um now very often on Cambridge it will be for paper 2 it will always be discuss argue or persuade um for paper one more often might be to inform or to entertain to tell about something that has happened often because you've been given a text that you need to read then you need to do something with it so very often for paper one more likely to inform or entertain for paper two it's always to discuss persuade or argue finally is former which is what text type have you been asked to write what form have you been asked to write in have you been asked to write a letter a magazine a speech an interview a diary so on and so forth and all of this comes together your vop comes together to help you decide what writing style will work best for the task that Cambridge has given you for question three I can't teach it and I will never teach it without emphasizing this point here when you write your question three of course your structure is very important this is how I recommend that you structure your question three for every single question apart from interview so you should write a short introduction and a short conclusion when I'm saying sure I mean literally one to three sentences no more than that and then you should have three paragraphs in the middle that should all be equal in length that is very important because Cambridge want for your reading marks to see that you're covering each of those bullet points equally right so very very important now if you're writing an interview you don't need to have an introduction or a conclusion um and Cambridge will give you your questions and then you'll answer each of those questions equally we'll get into it in more detail but the main thing that I want you to take away is the three bullet points need to be addressed equally I'm going to upload a video Lesson for the reading aspect of question three which will cover all of this in more detail forgive me for moving on quite swiftly but the reason why I am is because this video Lesson is already going to be super long and they just want to focus on writing I can talk for another hour about the reading aspect of this question but I'm sure that you don't want that right now so let's move on we are shortly going to have a look at the six text types that you could be asked to write and what I wanted to do was take one story and turn it into those six different text types so that you can see what the same story would look like given those different text types right so they're all based on this story to some degree here is the story school teacher Samantha salmon loves some alliteration purposely set off the school fire alarm to avoid teaching her year 11 English class this is not inspired by me I promise is she a 10 I want to avoid joke joking this summon had been struggling to control the behavior in her class and was going to be observed that lesson so she's trying to avoid being seen to be a bad teacher the fire alarm caused chaos in the school and the fire brigade arrived only to realize it was a hoax the head teacher initially wrongfully accused a year nine boy Mark Jung before Miss salmon stepped forward to admit her guilt then publicly resigned from her job so this is the story that we are going to adapt into our six different text types let's take a look at newspaper reports here is our newspaper report prompt imagine you are a local journalist recent events have prompted you to write a newspaper report about the need to improve working conditions for teachers write the newspaper report question then what is our vop for this task the voice so firstly the voice is we are a local journalist right so in the local area knows a lot about what's going on but we are a journalist so we should be being quite unbiased Fair unemotional the audience well it doesn't Clearly say it doesn't say an audience but we can assume it will be for a local audience who reads newspapers and who reads newspapers probably older people more serious thinking about myself I'm in my 30s I don't think I've ever bought a newspaper I would always just read it on my phone so I do think that if you're reading the newspaper you're more likely to be an older person sorry if that's a stereotype and therefore our register is going to be formal unemotional polite and so the purpose will be to inform inform about what happened and the format is a newspaper report and so newspaper reports tend to be on biased well they should be unbiased in practice everything's got bias unbiased unemotional and a little bit like distant she's not going to have strong opinions about what happened necessarily she's just going to report the facts before we take a look at the Exemplar I'm going to give you some general advice about newspaper articles beginning with newspaper headlines so my advice for a newspaper headline is you should be brief be neutral avoid bias and you don't need to use articles like the or ah so you don't need to say our teacher set fire to our school you can say teacher set fire to school for example and just make it that little bit shorter and similarly you can see teachers set fire to school is neutral it's not saying evil teacher set fire to innocent School dot dot dot children murdered it's it's quite taken a step back some examples of newspaper headlines space exploration Mission reaches New Frontier climate change crisis Sparks Global call to action and world leaders gather for historic peace Summit so you can see it's just factually unemotionally telling you what happened so essentially newspaper headlines you don't need to be too creative just give the most obvious boring title that comes to your mind keep it short move on here are some example newspaper articles of famous events in history beginning then with Elvis's death we have got Elvis king of rock dies at 42. okay you can argue king of rock is a little bit biased it's it's you know it's making him sound important which I he was um but he's not being too emotional about it it's not like Elvis tragically dies at 42 or something like that it's very factual in terms of its tone over here in the middle one um when Obama got elected as president Obama makes history so yes there's some opinion there we know because it's implied that that's God which it was in my opinion maybe I shouldn't give my opinion never mind um but it's it's very short and brief Obama makes history three words there U.S decisively elects first black president that Democrats expand control of Congress so it's not saying the U.S decisively elects its first black president see it's removing those articles there to make it shorter and then finally if you're in the UK you'll know about this one during the pandemic Marcus rashford who plays for Manchester United essentially went to war with the government to get free School meals for poorer children he was very cool so some facts so let's look at the title rashford forces PM into u-turn on free meals so it's not rashford forces the Prime Minister into a you turn on free meals at schools it's been very very condensed and there's a little bit of by his hair I suppose in terms of forces because it's showing rashford as a powerful and persuasive and important figure who's managed to undermine the government in some way but other than that the language is quite factual so this is the kind of tone that you're aiming for sounding unbiased but everything's got bias so newspaper reports the tone it should be formal unemotional and factual your introduction paragraph your first paragraph should be a 5w paragraph I'm going to show you an example of that in a second which is a paragraph that states who what where when and why about the event you can quote Witnesses if you want to but make sure you keep it short and relevant to the question and any quotes that you include should be made up by you so never ever ever copy from the text ever for Cambridge they don't like that you will get a lower Mark if you do that for newspaper writing avoid using first person I they don't say I you should use passive voice instead like it is believed that many claim to have seen that rather than saying I believe that I saw that so avoid the eye and if you're in the UK essentially the tone that you're going for is more like a broad sheet newspaper rather than a tabloid newspaper if that's useful to you here is the 5w paragraph as an example so this would be enough for an introduction remember I said your introduction only needs to be one to three sentences long yesterday a local high school teacher Jared Rigsby 32 was found dead on school grounds local police have confirmed that the cause of his death is now believed to be murder so when yesterday who Jared Rigsby what happened he was found dead where on the school grounds and why because he was murdered so that's what I mean when I say a 5w paragraph for your newspaper introduction you might have already noticed in some of my examples but when you give someone's name it can sound quite nice to put their age in Brackets it's a very common thing for newspapers to do um if it doesn't say in the text what age a character is you can make it up but be sensible don't be like Johnny Davis 115 because that just makes the examiner like be quiet child and some examples here um local teenager Daniel Wang 16 stated I saw the whole thing myself the bear ripped his whole head off and Octavia Feng 16 recently won an Academy Awards for Best Director so you can simply put that age in Brackets you can also quote others so in the newspaper you can quote what the witnesses said about events and obviously you would have to make that up don't do it too often or it will sound weird once is enough two to three times maximum really um and for Cambridge make sure that you don't copy any words from the exam paper never do that for paper one or for paper two you will get a much lower Mark if you are copying directly from the exam paper always try to use your own words and here's the example that you saw before so we've got local teenager Daniel Wang 16 stated colon speech marks and then I made up a quote for the character here are some useful phrases that you could use if you were writing a newspaper according to sources in light of recent events the latest developments it has come to light that in a surprising turn of events the current state of affairs in the wake of blah blah it is worth noting that this comes as no surprise given that a growing concern or problem experts believe that an unprecedented situation The public's response to events with mounting pressure the looming threat of blah blah and the pressing need for blah blah so these are some useful phrases that you can remember for newspaper writing okay now we are going to have a look at an example for newspaper reports and this is on your worksheet if you would prefer to look at it there Elmwood High teacher pulls fire alarm resigns so notice very factual very short very brief let's read yesterday afternoon at Elmwood High School the fire brigade was called to attend to a fire yet when they arrived it became clear that the emergency call triggered by an activated fire alarm was a hoax sources reported was one of the School's teachers Samantha salmon 34 who pulled the fire alarm with the sole purpose of avoiding an observation the instant caused disruptions throughout the school and prompted a public resignation from salmon so notice here that after I say her full name and her age after that the whole way through I'm going to refer to her as just salmon so do full name and then age and then after that just by their surname by their family name if we take a look at my introduction then where is the 5w so we've got yesterday which is when we have got at Elmwood High School which is the where we have got what the fire brigade was called the who is salmon and the why it was a hoax so we've got all of the basic facts included in this introduction paragraph contrary to Conventional fire drills prompted by technical malfunctions or safety exercises this particular evacuation bore the Hallmarks of a deliberate hoax with the fire alarm activation attributed to the actions of an unexpected perpetrator the school's English teacher salmon sources have indicated that the teacher reportedly facing classroom management challenges with her year 11 English class executed a deliberate fire alarm activation as a diversionary tactic allegedly to evade an impending classroom observation by the school's Governor the school's subsequent tumult was plain to see as fire trucks roared onto the scene and students lined up at the fire assembly Point missing crucial class time the gravity of the situation was further Amplified by the initial suspicion cast upon student Mark Zhang 15. despite Junk's clean records the allegations appeared to be misguided Elmwood has since released a statement clearing junk of all suspicion under the eyes of teachers students and fire Personnel alike someone openly admitted her guilt in the fire alarm activation her Swift resignation followed this unprecedented act making this event all the more compelling to concerned citizens while the circumstances surrounding Santa's departure from Elmwood High School remain undisclosed it is evident that the incident has raised into question school's working practices and workloads for teachers indeed Elwood is one of many schools in the local area facing a shortage of teachers salmon is Now quickly becoming hailed by online teaching communities as a figurehead for Teacher burnout as Elmwood High School navigates the aftermath of this unanticipated sequence of events the broader education Community reflects upon the complexities in ensuring that schools serve both staff and students alike the incident serves as a thought-provoking testament to the increasingly turbulent educational landscape in which some teachers would rather pull a fire alarm than enter their classrooms I enjoyed reading that that was fun okay so what are we noticing here then about newspaper report tone the varp right so if we begin our start then we are a local journalist so we should see this idea of like local community so here we can presume within cheshire's borders that Elmwood High is in Cheshire and it sounds like the journalist is also from Cheshire and similarly in this paragraph here we're hearing about concerned citizens presumably the local people too now notice that the whole way through I am not using I so I am avoiding using I um instead I'm saying what other people think and rather than saying I think that the incident serves as a thought-provoking testament saying the instant serves as a thought-provoking testament so we're avoiding that eye you can also notice that I have got Mark Zhang and his age in Brackets and then after that I'm just referring to him by his surname as Jang and some nice little newspaper register there the school has since released a statement right so all of this statements sources lots of newspaper vocabulary in this example although there is some emotion in this newspaper example in terms of you know this makes us question how hard life must be for teachers and there was lots of chaos it's not very emotional it's a lot more factual and informative in its tone also notice this newspaper language of sources report that so rather than saying I found out that people told me that I'm taking a step back the journalist isn't using first person she's not saying I she's saying sources report that and if you think about the list of useful phrases that I gave you you can see some examples of it here the school is navigating the aftermath of the unanticipated sequence of events you can apply that to anything right the community the school is navigating the aftermath very simple and that makes you sound very much like a newspaper let's take a look at magazine articles here is our prompt for magazine articles and remember to think about our varp our voice audience register purpose and format imagine you are a student at a nearby School recent events have prompted you to write a magazine article for your school magazine about the need to improve working conditions for teachers write the magazine article so what is our thought beginning them with voice we are a student simple enough okay who is our audience uh well it's for the school magazine so the audience must be students as a whole and teachers too because teachers will of course read the school magazine the register therefore I think should be semi-formal you're not going to be too informal because you're writing to some students who you might not be friends with and your teachers are going to read it so that's going to affect the type of language that you'll use but you can still be chatty upbeat humorous in terms of your tone the purpose then so you are going to inform and there might also be a purpose of persuading because you want to talk about the need to improve working conditions for teachers so that might suggest an element of persuasion and the F the format you are writing a magazine article so that is our vault beginning with magazine headlines then so this will depend on your verb magazines do tend to be more casual than newspapers they often take on one of two different tones so the first tone is chatty and humorous and the second tone is emotive and dramatic so those are the two kind of registers that most often are appropriate for a magazine article you'll notice by contrast that newspaper articles they are formal unemotional not really giving their opinion whereas magazines chatty dramatic right so that's kind of the difference between the two magazine article headlines can use alliteration they can use puns plays and words and they can use emotive language it will depend on the audience who you're writing to but often you can use Collective pronouns for this example we can because we are a student writing for our school magazine so we can talk about we as our because your writer attends the same place goes to the same place as their readers here are the newspaper headlines we had a look at can you turn these into magazine headlines then so you can use either an emotive tone or a humorous tone your choice have a go here are the two examples the funny ones turned out I think quite inappropriate given that given the topics but here's here's some examples so the first one was for space exploration Mission reaches New Frontier so a funny a humorous one zooming to the Stars the Epic Space Odyssey that conquered the final frontier okay so zoom into the Styles hahaha space odyssey hahaha not that funny but you know and then for emotive Humanity's bold Venture into the vast unknown of space exploration so one is like oh cutesy sci-fi how cool and the second one is more like we are amazing humanity is amazing look at what we're doing the second one was the climate change crisis Sparks Global call to action this is one that's quite inappropriate as a funny one so hot mess planet how climate change is giving the earth a major makeover so inappropriate um but you see the kind of tone right of playing Words hot mess because you can describe a person as being a hot mess that would be me but you can like if someone looks really bad and then giving the earth a major makeover relates back to hot mess put the makeover in this case is that we're all at risk of extinct we're all at risk of Extinction moving on the Urgent Global call to protect our precious planet from climate change that one's a bit better I think and then the third one that you had to change was world leaders gather for historic peace Summit so a funny one would be a-listers Unite the ultimate peace party you don't want to miss and then emotive embracing peace world leaders unite for a historic Summit to heal our worn tour our war torn World hopefully you can see just by looking at these headlines the kind of tone that you're going for compared to newspapers hey awesome magazine articles for you to take a look at I tried to get a variety so over here we have got 17 magazine and just take a notice of all of the puns all of the plain words all the slang and it's General register how informal it is so first we've got cheap and Chic so we've got some alliteration and also Chic would be is it slung it's definitely informal it's also quite brief if you take a look at the bullet points here clothes hair makeup places to go things to do Mind Games guys play so rather than how men emotionally and psychologically manipulate you um we've got we've got guys instead of men and mind games which is some slang sexy tops okay a little bit inappropriate for a magazine aimed at teenagers but I guess I'm also notice here we've got the word trashy so again some more slang and then the quote from Miss Britney Spears herself the things I did weren't very cool okay sure Brittany and a another bit of slang there for us and over here we've got men's fashion magazine so we've got Ryan Reynolds from Berry to unbottled what does that mean I don't know what that means a travel special an A to Z of places to be so we've got a little bit of rhyme there see depends on what your accent is I suppose but we've got rhyme and A to Z Marc Jacobs bang on and again some slang test driving the world's hottest Wheels again some more slang and both of these magazines using celebrities too suggesting a less serious subject matter by contrast then our last one is Time Magazine which tends to be a much more serious magazine to give you an idea of perhaps something that might be more emotional and a little bit dramatic rather than just being humorous so here we have got Greta goig director of Barbie movie on the front cover and we've got lights camera power so that's a play in words because usually it would be lights camera action and here power has been swapped out to play in the words to emphasize the importance of Greta goig's work how women are redirecting Hollywood another pun because she's a director she was directing the film but here it's being played around with the show she's actually redirecting the film industry itself so we can see a much more serious tone here but it's still playing with language whereas a newspaper article probably wouldn't do that general advice for a magazine article tone it's usually semi-formal I say think about how a 40 year old math teacher with a Cheesy sense of humor would write that's the kind of tone that you want to take on if you if you've got a teacher like that just imagine that you're him or her and this can be a funny or witty tone depending on the topic for example there is a past paper for Cambridge about an oil spill where penguins die so if you were humorous about that it wouldn't be appropriate but if you're going to be humorous and witty you can use alliteration puns and the chatty tone or if you're going to be emotional because you've got a serious topic you can be more emotive and dramatic in your language and for those of you in the UK for reference it's more similar to a tabloid so magazine is like a tabloid newspaper is like a broad cheat here are some useful magazine phrases that you could use in a magazine that you write in a surprising turn of events with growing interest as it turns out as reported by it's worth noting that the numbers speak for themselves taking a closer look as the story unfolds as we delve into the details as many are aware in a dramatic twist what's fascinating is digging deeper upon closer examination this raises the question a trend that's on the rise it's no surprise that as history has shown what's remarkable about this is what's striking is in a significant development an essential factor to remember as it was anticipated what becomes evident is in a notable departure from as many may recall what's becoming increasingly clear is now let's take a look at our magazine article Exemplar and do have a think how this differs from the newspaper Exemplar so one of the big things that's changed is whereas before we were a local journalist now we are a student at a nearby school to Elmwood so we've got a big shift there in terms of voice and whereas the audience of the newspaper was just a general local audience the audience of this magazine article is other students so we're gonna definitely expect a more semi-formal tone compared to the newspaper teachers blazing exit leaves Elmwood in shock blazing half pun because fire right put on the plain words look I'm already making myself laugh at Knightsbridge High we are blessed with fantastic facilities a record-breaking football team and professional teachers but our arrivals over at Elmwood High School aren't so lucky Throwing Shade on their rival School picture this a typical day a regular classroom and then chaos in shoes spelling mistake there let me fix that fixed a fire alarm goes off sending students scurrying outside like startle ants the cause not a faulty toaster in the staff room nor a Bunsen burner gone awry this wasn't your average fire drill it was a master plan by none other than their English teacher Miss salmon rumor has it that Miss salmon was facing a classroom Battleground struggling to tame the wild spirits of her year 11 English class and with Miss seven due to be observed that very afternoon in a desperate attempt to dodge the scrutiny she pulled off the ultimate Escape pulling the fire alarm lever now I know our year 11's a lively but I doubt Miss Jones would ever get the fire brigade out to avoid teaching Shakespeare so we can see this is a student so the student is a little bit impressed with me salmon I mean I think they might I think you would be so it's a little bit of juicy gossip for them um and it's also clear that they are a student at a nearby school right so we've got their teacher as kind of like an inside joke with their audience and we've also got references to our right our Rivals because the student is writing to other students we are blessed with fantastic facilities so we've got already that sense of audience let's carry on at Elwood the school was in Opera that afternoon fire trucks blaring students spilling out like they were running for gold the plot thickened the suspicion felt an innocent Mark Zhang who incidentally attended Knightsbridge when he was in year seven doubtless none of you will remember him as he could barely speak without stuttering your Tower appears over at Elmwood Dean Jang a criminal extraordinaire sources say Jang looked as bewildered as we did when we discovered this wild turn of events so I added a little a little something in Mark used to attend this student school before he moved over to the Rival school so yeah I had I had a little something um but again look at this addressing the audience a little bit of a joke like oh they thought he set the fire alarm off but we can't even remember him speaking how could they possibly think this innocent boy did that and again sources say so similar to newspaper in that sense you can quote what other people say but the vocabulary in tone is definitely more emotive the school isn't uproar the fire trucks were Blair and the students are spilling out the plot thickened it definitely sounds like the student writing this magazine article was quite enjoying um being critical and writing about all this gossip um even to the fact that they called it a wild turn of events so definitely a more semi-formal tone here but here's where it gets interesting Miss Simon herself stepped up in front of the whole student body confessing to her fiery keeper and then dropping and resignation bomb talk about an exit strategy rumor has it is she handed in her resignation letter that day and hasn't been seen at Elmwood since while miss salmon may have set off some alarms literally one thing's for sure she just gave everyone something to talk about for weeks from classroom Antics to fiery exits Elmwood High School has officially won the award for most unpredictable day ever so remember dear readers well we're stuck in our school routines wild Tales like these are unfold in just straight away definitely seen some more semi-formal language now we've even got exclamation marks too here we've got a little bit of a joke in the brackets some Automotive language like her fiery exit her resignation bomb her fiery keeper so some more puns as well and once more a nod to the audience we are stuck in our school routine so that's definitely creating that sense of I am a student at the same school as you we're all enjoying this gossip together let's take a look at speeches now here is our speech prompt imagine you are Miss salmon after quitting teaching you give a speech at a teacher's conference about your experience and the need to improve working conditions for teachers write the words of the speech so what is your voice audience register purpose and format what is your box so voicean we are Miss salmon so we are a mid-30s female teacher right so that's me not mid-30s yeah okay so therefore we're going to be semi-formal I mean it depends on her personality we haven't got a sense of it yet but certainly she wouldn't be using lots and lots of slang she wouldn't be swearing and so on and so forth who is her audience she's talking at a teacher's conference so she's talking to other teachers so that's our audience therefore her register would definitely be I think slightly more formal than she would normally speak she would be respectful and she is someone who's doing the same job as them so she might have some inside jokes and try to create a sense of We're All in This Together I understand you you understand me because we do the same job or did the same job the purpose then is to talk about the need to improve working conditions so it might be persuasive and informative and what is the format where you are writing a speech now for speech writing probably you guys might think of people like this John F Kennedy Greta thundberg Martin Luther King but Cambridge will not ask you to write a political speech usually the speeches on Cambridge are more like a talk um rather than being like very very emotive so usually the purpose is more to inform than to persuade persuade might be a secondary purpose but your main purpose will be to inform liking this task now remember that a speech is a spoken form you're giving a speech using your mouth to a live audience so you need to create that sense of Audience by talking to them in other words you need to address your audience and reference them throughout your speech so you can even open your speech with phrases like these ladies and gentlemen thank you for Gathering here today hello everyone and welcome to my talk about blah blah blah I'm so pleased to see such bright and smiling faces here to learn more about blah blah because of this it's really useful to think about your pronouns so you should speak directly to your audience to be more persuasive so you could use Collective pronouns like we our us and personal pronouns like you your and yours speeches are often a good opportunity to use rhetorical questions I'm reminded that a rhetorical question is a question that doesn't require an answer it's a persuasive technique and its purpose is to make your audience think about something to ponder the topic or to suggest that the answer to your question is so obvious it doesn't need a response like we can all agree on this right for example don't you love studying English that's rhetorical because the answer is so obvious it's yes some examples here do you think it's right to watch our children starve will the rich grow fatter in their Mansions what will you do to help your community what will you tell your children in years to come so these rhetorical questions here suggesting clearly the answer is no it's not okay to watch children starve while other people grow rich and also the second one to make the reader think genuinely what will you tell your children about what you did to help in this situation probably because the speaker is assuming the audience isn't doing enough they want them to do more so they want them to think what will I tell my children or I will have to tell them I did nothing feel ashamed maybe I should do more in a speech you can also use some repetition which is where you repeat words or phrases for emphasis because remember speech is supposed to be spoken out loud and so when we repeat things it sounds good an example for Martin Luther King I Have a Dream that one day all people will be equal I have a dream that one day our society can heal itself and my dream our dream we can only achieve this dream if we dream together as one strive together as one United Force so we have the rep edition of I have a dream and just dream more generally and repetition of as one as one right because it sounds good maybe it doesn't sound as good but it definitely doesn't sound it's good when I read it as Martin Luther King but you get the idea and similarly we can also use some emotive language so emotional and Powerful language to try and create a response in the reader to do this really think about your vocabulary choices example do you think it's right to watch our children starve or the rich grow fatter in their Mansions should we watch as innocence wither and die their mouths empty their souls abandoned by this very society that was charged to protect them um so some emotive language in here children starving um they are Innocents they are withering they are dying their mouths are empty they've been abandoned their souls and that we as a society were supposed to protect them so being quite dramatic and emotional in the language choices here here are some useful phrases for speeches ladies and gentlemen I'd like to share let's take a moment to fellow professionals enthusiasts citizens I'm here to discuss I want to talk to you about each of you plays a crucial role in everyone in this room knows the importance of I'm speaking to you today because think about this let's consider how this affects each and every one of us as individuals who care deeply about I know many of you may have experienced for those of you who've been through to the Future Leaders and innovators in this room in your daily lives you might have encountered As We Gather here I want you to reflect on now let me ask you I'm sure you can relate to it's a privilege to be speaking to such an attentive group remember that together we can so a common theme Here is lots of you and lots of us right so you see that the whole way through these speeches now let's take a look at my speech Exemplar which remember is Miss salmon talking to a group of teachers at a teacher's conference ladies and gentlemen educators of the UK and esteemed colleagues thank you for allowing me to address you today I stand before you not as a cautionary Tale But as a fellow educator sharing a pivotal moment that changed the course of my career on one fateful day at Elmwood High School I found myself at a Crossroads where the challenges I faced in my year 11 English class seemed insurmountable an impending classroom observation weighed heavily in my shoulders and the lack of control over challenging classes had me feeling like a captain steering a ship caught in the storm in my quest to create an environment of learning and growth I made a choice that in hindsight I recognized as both desperate and misguided I'm sure many of you here today know the heart pounding dread that accompanies an observation but that day I think I transcended heart pounding and skipped straight to beautiful Madness I walked out of my classroom and set off the fire alarm so beginning straight away then with ladies and gentlemen and recognizing that they are also teachers she calls them colleagues like workmates so we've definitely got a sense of audience and she's been very polite so she's being formal polite and inclusive like we all understand because we've all done the same job she's addressing them directly using you and she calls herself a fellow educator because she's talking to a room full of students also notice here she addresses them she's trying to get some sympathy really I'm sure many of you here today know the heart pounding dread that accompanies an observation like you guys know how stressful it is so like give me some empathy essentially now please do not mistake me at that moment I didn't want either chaos or a simple Escape I just wanted one moment of peace and that would have been enough that might tell you something about what my mental state was because you see it wasn't this one observation or this one class no as Educators you all know that the stresses of teaching cannot be Quantified in single measures the stress workload and pressure were unrelenting six periods a day five days a week plus meetings plus duties plus extracurricular activities plus trips plus parents evenings Plus open evenings plus attempting to improve my teaching enough to get a promotion because I certainly couldn't afford a decent house and a teacher's salary so I'd have to climb the greasy poem no at that moment I just needed 10 seconds with a wailing fire alarm Bell to allow myself to breathe for the first time in 12 months so here getting into the argument about mental health workload stress basically it was all too much that this was the most relaxed she had been in the last year pulling the fire alarm was the most relaxing moment for Miss Salmon's life according to her and we're seeing in this paragraph here she's directed she's directly addressing her audience please do not mistake me she's begging them to kind of understand her and again we've got lots of you the whole way through this too and because you see but then we've also got some persuasive techniques we've got this repetition right the plus plus plus plus plus to kind of emphasize how many things teachers have to do all piling up and up and up and the sense of irony too that the most quiet and relaxation she's getting is with this wailing fire alarm which should really tell you the reader and the audience just how stressed Miss salmon was my dear colleagues this experience has taught me the invaluable lesson that we are people first Educators second it's about recognizing when we need help and recognizing when our jobs become untenable I loved my students I loved teaching but somewhere in that classroom I forgot how to breathe and the great irony is that many would describe what I did as a false alarm true in terms of fires but in terms of my mental health it was anything but I needed that moment to be honest with myself that my time as a teacher had to end so here the argument okay it was a false alarm for fire but it wasn't a false alarm like I pulled that because I needed help I did need help and so I quit don't worry don't worry I owned up first my apologies to Mark Jung who initially got the blame for my actions but yes I handed in my resignation on that same day now I work as a mental health advocate for those in the education sector trying to find ways to keep passionate teachers in the classroom and reassuring those in the verge of setting off the alarm that is okay to say when enough is enough thank you for being a fantastic audience take care of yourselves so here we have got again addressing the audience my dear colleagues and thank you for being a fantastic audience take care of yourselves and also like this kind of conversational tone here with don't worry don't worry like like your teachers so I know you're going to be annoyed at me that a student took blame I owned up so she's she's recognizing the audience there again we've got some repetition I loved my students I love to teach him and overall just creating this emotive and passion at home without being informal in any way you will see that there is no slang and the tone is pretty formal the whole way throughout but that's because of our vault right because it's a teacher talking at a teacher's conference in a professional context of course this is going to be a more formal talk moving on to interviews now here is our interview prompt think about the Vault that's voice audience register purpose and format imagine you are a presenter at a local radio station you interview the Headmaster of Elmwood High about the events of that day write the words of the interview take a look at this prompt what is the vault The Voice sent is Headmaster this is the main thing that you're going to have to write as yes there's a presenter but Cambridge will give you those questions so you are not the presenter who is the audience well the audience is people who listen to local radio show so local listeners is your audience therefore the register well we've got a Headmaster we've got radio and we've got local audience well together I would say that's more formal more polite but then there's also this spoken element right of two people having a conversation which might make it slightly more semi-formal it depends on what kind of voice you want to create for the Headmaster like what sort of character he would appear to be in the extract now obviously for this one we haven't got an extract so you can make that up the purpose is you're talking about the events of the day so the purpose is to inform and the format is an interview so overall we have got like a slightly more formal tone but it is spoken so we can have a little bit of banter back and forth between the interviewer and the interviewee now for Cambridge when they asked you to write an interview that is nine times out of ten a radio interview or a TV interview that's what you're going to be asked to write they won't ask you to write a job interview so it tends to be that you will interview a character in the text that you've been given and often that isn't the main character so make sure you check carefully who you're writing as essentially you're thinking about a podcast tone it's a talk between two people on a given topic and so the formality will vary it will depend on the text the characters that you're being asked to write about and the topic that you've been given but because it's spoken interviews do tend to be more often than not a semi-formal type of text for interview writing Cambridge will give you three questions so they will give you the questions that the interviewer will ask and then your job is to write the responses those three questions are your bullet points so they're very important for your reading marks therefore you should copy down those questions exactly don't change them right don't add in your own questions because then you're going to go off topic and you're going to get a lower reading Mark and your interviewee should do 95 of the talking because that's where you're going to pick up your reading marks how should you actually rewrite it well you should lay it out like a script like this so you'll put the person's name and colons leave a little bit of a space and then write down what they say example Andy so Kayla tell me why do you love English so much Kayla well because of Mrs O'Rourke of course so this is how it should look like this like speech if you want to you can also add in stage directions but it's not needed if you don't want do this by using brackets like laughs nods claps something like that again you don't have to do it but it does sound quite nice it does sound quite realistic for an interview tone now because it is spoken you should use spoken language so you can use filler words or thinking words like well I guess huh I hadn't thought of that before but don't do that too much or it will start to sound weird and you can also use punctuation to make your writing sound more spoken for example you can use ellipses to show a pause or a dash to show that the speakers change the direction in their sentence for example Mark Jank was accused well let's not bother with that and you put the dash in between to show he's changing the topic you can also use an exclamation mark to place emphasis or show excitement but again don't use these perpetuation marks too much or it will start to sound a little bit strange as with speech writing don't forget to use personal pronouns because the interviewee and interviewer they're speaking to each other right it's two people in conversation so you should try to make it sound like a real conversation by using you your and yours have your interviewee speak directly to the interviewer for example you really can't imagine don't look so surprised right so two people talking to each other here are some useful phrases that you can use for interview writing for those tuning in I want you to consider listeners keep this in mind as we discuss to all of you out there I encourage you to think about if you're listening right now I want you to imagine to everyone joining us I'm sure you'll find this interesting I'm sure many of you can relate to as you're listening you might be wondering I want to share a perspective with you that could resonate with some of you you might be surprised to learn that consider this a takeaway for each and every one of you that's an excellent question here's my take on it to answer your question let me explain your question really touches on something I'm very passionate about funny you should ask because the idea actually came to me when now let's take a look at an example interview ER good afternoon ladies and gentlemen we have a rather intriguing story for you today fresh from the halls of Elmwood High School joining us is the school's head teacher Mr Reginald Wellington welcome Mr Wellington so remember if Cambridge you just copy out their questions but I couldn't resist I I had to create my own voice Mr Wellington thank you thank you my dear it's always such a pleasure to share my wisdom and insights with the public Mr Wellington the instant name folded at your school has everyone talking could you shed some light on the events that transpired during the fire alarm incident ah yes the fiery Escape as they're calling it you see my dear it all started with our darling Miss salmon a teacher who seemed to have lost her way in the Labyrinth of classroom management she was facing a rather daunting observation and well I suppose she thought pulling the fire alarm was the best way to avoid the impending scrutiny quite the audacious move I must say it certainly was a dramatic turn of events speaking of which the blame initially fell on the year 9 student Mark Zhang how did that happen and what does this incident tell us about the school's disciplinary measures ah Mark John poor lad it was a classic case of misunderstanding I assure you in the chaos that issued the poor boy found himself in the spotlight not for his own doing mind you it's a reminder that we must always be thorough in our investigations a lesson we shall take to our hearts and our ongoing efforts to maintain discipline and Order within our beloved Institution of course of course and who was it that accused Mark then never mind that now all water under the bridge as they say it was him and finally Mr Wellington the resignation of Miss salmon was a surprising development how do you see this incident effect in the future of Elmwood High School well my dear I believe that every cloud has a silver lining and with someone's resignation while abrupt may offer an opportunity for fresh ideas and A Renewed sense of dedication within our staff it's crucial that we strive for excellence and this instant has certainly provided us with a moment for reflection the future of Elmwood High School rest assured will continue to shine brighter than ever before thank you Mr Wellington for your insights into this fascinating tale from Elmwood High School it seems the dramatic world of Education always keeps us on our toes now if we take a look and have a think about it who's the local audience well it's probably going to be parents or potential parents so obviously Mr Wellington has to make the incident seem less serious than it was and reassure the local listeners our school is still great still send your kids here right so we've got kind of like an ulterior motive from the head teacher and so over here he doesn't want to admit blame right that he was him there unjustly accused a student and he's saying the future of Elmwood High School is going to shine brighter than ever before so we've got this kind of reassurance to the audience I wanted to create like a slightly patronizing tone like for the head teacher um so we can see the whole way through he's referring to the interviewer as my dear which is quite patronizing and a bit sexist and we've also got these filler words like well well he thinks of what to say we can see that the interviewer is referring to Mr Wellington by name which creates a sense of relationship between the two speakers and again the spoken tone here in of course of course an ah Mark Jung poor lad and again here we've also got the r the thinking word ah yes the fire escape as they're calling it here talking to the interviewer directly again you see my dear another thinking word here with the well um she was facing a rather daunting observation and well I suppose as he thinks and again we've got an exclamation mark here to add a more spoken tone to it as well now let's take a look at letter writing here is our letter writing prompt have a think about the verb the voice audio is registered purpose and format of this question imagine you are Miss salmon recent events have prompted you to write a letter to your mother to tell her what happened and what you plan to do next write the letter so what is the vault have a think so firstly we have got the voices Miss salmon um who is the audience to her mother so now she's not speaking to a teaching conference anymore so we're gonna expect probably therefore that the register is going to be more semi-formal she's not going to use slang to her mother right she's not going to speak she's not going to speak in in such an informal way um she's still going to be polite to her mother but they have got a close relationship so it's not going to be very formal the purpose is to tell her about what happened and what you plan to do next the purpose is to inform and the format is a letter here's some general letter writing advice for you so firstly you should always begin a letter with a greeting if you're not sure what to do simply begin it with dear and then their name if the text on question three doesn't give you a friend's name you can make one up so very formal would be Dear Mr Jang kind of semi-formal would be dear Joel and slightly more informal be high did I say Joel before no and slightly more informal would be high no voice you really need to think about who you're writing as so you should try to create a character is your character serious chatty immature thoughtful intelligent and how will you show those characteristics through your writing so for example for Miss salmon I think she must be intelligent and thoughtful um and I think she's probably having quite a hard time so maybe a bit stressed too so how am I going to show that voice to my character of Miss salmon so you've got your character you've got who you're writing as then you need to think okay who am I writing to and you need to create a sense of audience now you need to remember that in this case for this prompt a woman writing to her mother they're very close they've got a lot of shared history a lot of shared past so you need to make that relationship and that history seem real seem realistic so you need to think about what relationship do they have to each other and how will that affect their language choices really important to have your characters ever met before now if Miss salmon was writing a letter to the education board or to a politician clearly that would be a lot more formal but writing to her mother who probably knows her better than anyone in the world that relationship is really going to have an effect in our language choices so if you're close friends and family you want to show that you've got a close relationship by referring to things that the person already knows about you or shared memories for example you know I've always been passionate about teaching education I wish you could have seen it yourself you would have laughed yourself silly so like anticipating I know you I know how you would react to this situation please don't get mad oh like you would have found that so funny I know you would have loved it how would that person that you're writing to respond to what you're saying if they were there in person with you or a shared memory remember when we went to Australia well it was 10 times even hotter than then oh like remember when I cried at the school disco I cried even harder than that right so talking about those shared memories together by contrast if you're writing to someone who is Less close like a boss or a company director clearly your sense of audience is going to become a lot more formal so you can use phrases like these instead I'm writing to you today concerning the matter of blah blah blah as a loyalty member our business's reputation is of the utmost importance to me and I hope you will consider my thoughts above and we can work together to find a resolution to this matter and don't forget to include a sign off this is the thing that students always forget like they get it all perfect and then they just end the letter with no sign off and I'm like why how did you even do this so you should always sign off your letter with your name and you can make up a full name or a surname for your character if the text doesn't say so for example if Miss salmon is just call me salmon you make up a first name you call her Samantha fine so very form will be yours sincerely Mr Jang in the middle would be best wishes null and slightly more informal will be lots of love no I probably only put lots of love for parents and best friends people that you actually love right two sides here then so I'm going to give you some useful letter phrases for formal letters and then on the next slide will be for informal or semi-formal letters so beginning then with phrases for formal letters dear recipient's name I would go with their surname like Dear Miss O'Rourke to whom it may concern and that's when you're writing to a broader audience like a group of people or when you don't know the audience's name I would like to inform you that I am reaching out with regard to your prompt attention to this matter is appreciated I kindly request that you I would appreciate it if you could I hope you will consider my proposal I am looking forward to thank you for your attention to this matter I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience sincerely Yours Faithfully Yours sincerely for semi-formal letters dear name hey name or nickname it's been a while since we last caught up I wanted to write and share some exciting news I hope everything is going well in your end I thought you'd be interested to know that guess what happened recently is everything going smoothly on your end I've been wondering what's new in your life your support has meant a lot to me I'm thrilled to share that I couldn't wait to tell you about I'm excited to hear your thoughts on this we should definitely catch up soon it would be wonderful to hear your thoughts on maybe we can meet up for take care and talk to you soon stay in touch until we chat again love best wishes Yours Truly now let's take a look at the Exemplar which remember is Miss salmon writing to her mom hi Mom I hope this letter finds you well being your fabulous self I wanted to share something that happened at school recently and let me warn you up front that you might not be too proud of my actions but I hope you'll be proud of what I plan to do next you know how my year 11 class has been giving me a hard time right well it reached a boiling point and I did something out of character but I wanted to tell you about it because I value your advice and perspective so notice here that we've got like a little bit of a joke her mum is fabulous um and she's anticipating that her mum probably will not be proud of what she did so creating that sense of audience like I know what you're like and how you're going to react and also the fact that her mum already knows about the year 11 English class makes it sound like yes they're very close and notice that we've got some more informal language like right and well and again a sense of relationship why is she writing because she values her mum's perspective so I was due to be observed with my nightmare year 11s and the students were well let's say not making it easy they're a tough bunch and I was feeling the pressure in the middle of that chaos I felt like I was having an out of body experience and before I knew it I'd left my classroom I just couldn't face the observation and honestly the thought of attempting to teach that lot for one more second decided it for me I pulled the fire alarm I know I know it was a stupid thing to do but I was desperate for an escape from the situation so again hey I know I know because she knows what her mom would say to her about this and again we've got some more informal language like I'd instead of I would and also putting honestly hair makes it sound more informal and also referring to the students as a tough bunch and somewhere else it calls them a lot where was it and teaching that lot so rather than oh this group of students this class that's quite informal language to refer to the class here's the worst bit mum they blamed Mark Jung this year nine kid who's the least likely suspect ever the poor guy looked bewildered and I couldn't let him take the blame for something he didn't do so I did the right thing eventually or at least I hope it was the right thing I stepped up and admitted it was me who pulled the alarm and you know what I've decided to resign for my teaching position at Elmwood High maybe from teaching altogether this could be a chance for me to regroup and find A New Path where I can still make a difference but with less stress and fewer 16 year olds so again notice we've got this kind of spoken chatty tone with the dot dot dot and the and you know what so we've got this more informal tone and again here eventually in Brackets giving almost like an inside joke tone to the writing I know it might sound ridiculous but I believe this is what's best I need time to figure things out rekindle that passion for teaching and maybe explore new avenues your support has always meant the world to me and I just wanted to let you know what's been going on I promise to keep you in the loop as I navigate this Unexpected Journey maybe I could even come and stay for a little bit while I get myself sorted promise I'll do the dishes thanks for being the best moment X teacher could ask for lots of love Sammy kiss so notice here we've got lots of love because obviously you would love your mum Sami instead of Samantha so we've got a nickname and also a kiss too definitely getting a sense of a relationship she's asking to stay she's being a bit cheeky and promise I'll do the dishes rather than I promise I will do the dishes so quite informal language and implying that in the past she didn't do the dishes she wasn't very clean so definitely creating that sense of realism there she keeps referring to her mother as you and like say you know I really appreciate you and you're the best mum a teacher could ask for so it definitely sounds like she's writing to her mom and that's our letter exemper let's take a look at diary writing now here is our diary writing prompt as we have a look at it do think about what our vault is which remember is our voice audience register purpose and format imagine you are Mark Jung the student unfairly accused of setting off the fire alarm recent events have prompted you to write a diary entry about what happened that day and your reaction to miss Salmon's confession write the diary entry have a think now what is the vault let's take a look now then so voice we are Mark Jang he's a student so it's more likely to be semi-formal and we've learned through the other letters that he is kind of a quiet kid shy you wouldn't really expect him to be someone that set off the fire alarm who is the audience well he's writing a diary so he's writing to himself right so therefore the register is going to be he's a teenager writing a diary to himself so it's definitely going to be more semi-formal um and more confessional telling Secrets telling emotions that would be the tone what is the purpose well it is to inform about what happened in the day and also to unload a little bit and the format is a diary now if you see the word journal in a past paper that means a diary right so journal and diary same thing if Cambridge asks you to write a journal they mean a diary okay so same thing now your tone of voice for a diary is gonna heavily depend on the character that you've been asked to write as so the language used in the diary isn't always the same a teenager would sound very different from an academic professor in their diary for example so it really depends on the character but it would be very strange for a diary to be extremely formal unless as I said you're a snobby University Professor who takes life too seriously it's much more common that a diary will be semi-formal so you should be using correct spelling punctuation and grammar avoid using to which slang but you can be a little bit more chatty in your tone you should give a diary a greeting and a sign off I don't know why we do this it's kind of like a letter to yourself so you can begin the diary with dear diary and finish the diary by writing your name if you don't do it though you won't lose any marks in Cambridge but that is how Diaries are usually written don't forget to be using past tense so a diary should be using past tense because you're describing events in your life that have already happened to you in the past so many students forget to use past tense I don't know why however current feelings or Reflections about those events can use present tense because that's what you're currently thinking currently feeling so for example he stole my bag and ran away this is both past because these are events that have happened to us but I think he's a jerk is in present because that's how the writer currently still feels about the person that stole the bag now in a diary you should try to take on the confessional tone you should tell secrets or personal emotions that your character might not normally admit and this is actually really great for your question three because it will help you to get some more development points for example you can say things like I would never admit this to anyone but secretly I must say I felt rather upset about the whole instant I tried my best not to show how scared I felt so use that confessional secretive tone you're writing a diary to yourself so you can be completely honest remember that Diaries aren't stories to avoid writing a narrative you don't need to have a climax plot or dialogue right you're not writing a story and so perhaps you're thinking well I shouldn't use dialogue well what should I do then remember that when you're writing a diary you can't remember later on word for word what someone said it would be really weird for you to do that in a diary so instead of saying will you come over here please Emma I'd like to talk to you about something Mrs Ashford said which you wouldn't write in a diary instead you should write Mrs Ashford asked me to come over to her since there was something she wanted to tell me about so instead you will report the speech you will summarize the speech but you won't write it like dialogue you won't quote it in Diaries you can often use some features of spoken language a little bit so for example you can use exclamation marks and Lipsy to show your emotion and create that more spoken tone of voice for example well I didn't know what to do in that situation I never do I couldn't believe my eyes right so you're creating a little bit of emotion by using that punctuation here are some useful diary phrases dear diary today was quite an adventure I can't help but feel it's been on my mind lately I'll never forget the moment when I find myself wondering I've been struggling with this day has been full of surprises I can't shake off this feeling of this experience has taught me I've realized that I'm at a Crossroads in my heart I know that it's been a roller coaster of emotions I Wish I Could Turn Back Time and I'm proud of myself for today I made a promise to myself this little moment made my day there's a certain magic in I'm taking a leap of faith and I'm blessed to have this experience has shown me I'm starting to see the bigger picture now let's take a look at our diary Exemplar which remember is Mark Zhang the year nine boys diary today school was unbelievable it all started in Miss Salmon's year 11 English class you know the one where everyone usually messes around and she's been trying so hard to keep us in line I guess the teachers call it classroom management but for us it's just another day of dodging Shakespeare and pretending to care about literature so we've got this little bit of a sarcastic rebellious teenage tone going on here anyway today was different the classroom felt like a ticking time bomb and Miss was on edge she was supposed to be observed she'd warned as yesterday with threats of detention and she was worried about it we've seen her struggle with our Rowdy bunch and as much as we drive her up the wall I know she genuinely cares about us we may not be the best behavior but we can sense when someone's trying you know so is the class dragged on I noticed you seemed distracted like she was somewhere else entirely I even heard her muttering to herself a couple of times notice then some of the more informal language like the exclamation mark over here and beginning a sentence with anyway um and we've got the brackets over here to create kind of like a side I'm talking to to the side we've got you know question mark and so so we've got lots of informal language here and similar to one of the earlier extracts referring to a class as lots and Rowdy Bunch again is slightly more informal but we haven't got outright slang like he's not saying oh that was so based or whatever teenagers say these days so it's more like kind of Chatty language than slang language then out of nowhere the fire alarm goes off chaos erupted and everyone started rushing out like we were escaping a monster or something it's unbelievable how fast we all bolted of Our Lives depending on it but the real shocker came when the head teacher accused me me of pulling the fire alarm honestly why me sure I've been part of some pranks but this was way beyond anything I'd ever done it felt like a day caught in headlights the more innocent I tried to look the guiltier I felt then while the accusations were thrown at me Miss salmon stepped up I could see it in her eyes that mix of guilt and relief when her eyes met mine she gave me this kind of sad smile and then she confessed to setting off the fire alarm I thought surely it couldn't be true she must be taking the fall for something she didn't do to protect me her voice quivered as she admitted it and there was this look on her face like she'd been through the ringer and couldn't handle it anymore and then in the blink of an eye she resigned just like that then I realized she'd been telling the truth she really had set off the fire alarm so we've got these emotions and like confessions like I try to look innocent but I just felt more guilty and like this idea of like oh I looked my teacher in the eyes she gave me a sad sad smile I thought she was trying to protect me probably things that a teenage boy might not say to his friends but definitely would think like oh this teacher's actually really nice and she's trying and we are a difficult class it's kind of like honesty that we're getting in this diary entry over here and also still some more informal language like honestly why me the head teacher keeps me me of doing blah blah and that she'd been through the ringer so there we've got an idiom of course I had teacher never apologized to me man this whole day has me thinking about teachers in a new light they have it tough and deal with so much more than just teaching it's like there are guides in this chaotic Maze of Teenage Drama trying to help us find our way I never thought about it much before but now I can't help but wonder how many of the teachers are out there silently battling their own struggles maybe we should cut them some slack and appreciate what they do today was a wake-up call and it's got me rethinking how I act for sure I'm not the worst in the class but that's not the point need to think this through and get some sleep mark so a little bit of teenage sarcasm over here like of course he never apologized to me or they never do apologize do they um but also still we've really got this confessional tone now as he starts to think about wow I didn't even think about these teachers that might be having a hard time but did you not teachers are people I I just realized teachers are people um and so he's like really thinking about um I should probably behave better it was a wake-up call um and again we've got some more informal language like foreshore and man which would really only be appropriate in this context as writing as a teenager right and also in terms of this sentence being incomplete he doesn't say I need to think this through he says need to think this through and get some sleep and in the story entry he's definitely saying things that he wouldn't say to his friends I think teachers like our guides probably lots of people wouldn't admit how much teachers mean to them and how much teachers like shape their lives but they would think it and feel it so he's letting this out on paper in his diary where he knows only he is going to read it and also notice in a diary entry he's signing off with his name mark at the end now if you would like to put yourself to the test on the worksheet you can see that there is an independent task I hope you have had the worksheet as we've gone through this lesson so the independent task is to write the opening paragraph for each of the six text types so just to open it just one paragraph you can make up any extra details or information that you like because the story that I've given you is very small right so you will need to add on extra details to be able to write a paragraph here is the story huggleton a Seaside Town recently suffered from an oil spill which killed many Wildlife including fish and seagulls the culprit was a local Oil Company who polluted the sea a high school student Aiden Smith rallied together staff and students to clean up the beach save the wildlife and petition to have the oil company shut down so I've given you a few different tasks each one is different depending on the text type so for example for newspaper a local newspaper reports on the issue for a magazine student at Aid in school writes about the issue for a student magazine speech Aiden gives the speech to local politicians on this issue interview Aiden's Headmaster is interviewed about events on a local radio station letter Aiden writes a letter to the oil company to explain his concerns and diary student at Aiden School writes in their diary about recent events so not Aiden a student at the school think really carefully about the vop feel free to have a look back through the exemplars to give you guys some inspiration and do do this revision task it will really help you to solidify everything that you've learned in this lesson don't forget that on my website there is a quiz that you can do to check and see how much you have remembered from this video Lesson so do make sure you head on over there the link is in the description below if you liked this video Lesson and you want more content like this if you want PowerPoints worksheets quizzes and lots of different resources to help you with your studies head on over to totally.co.uk where you'll find more materials like this for teachers and students thank you so much for your attention today and I'll see you there