Swine Production Presentation Notes

Introduction

• Group One Presentation
  • Topic: Swine Production
  • Team members introduction

History of Swine

• Origin: Domestic swine are mammals from the Suidae family.
• Physical Characteristics:
  • Stout-bodied, short-legged, omnivorous mammals.
  • Thick skin, sparsely coated with short bristle.
  • Hooves: Two functional, two non-functional digits.
• Domestication Period: 6,000 to 8,000 BCE.

Importance of Swine Production

• Source of food.
• Job creation and farmer support.
• Production of insulin.
• Waste used as fertilizer.

Swine Housing System

• Purpose: Protect swine and provide an ideal environment for growth and production.
• Modern Systems Include:
  • Temperature and ventilation control.
  • Automated feed and water delivery.
  • Sanitation.
  • Environment to enhance comfort, stress reduction, and immune system support.

Swine Diet and Nutrition

• Energy Sources: Corn, wheat, barley, rice bran.
• Protein Sources: Soybean meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal.
• Fiber Sources: Alfalfa meal, brown rice hulls.
• Fats and Oils: Vegetable oils, animal fats.
• Vitamins and Minerals:
  • Calcium and phosphorus for bones.
  • Sodium, chloride, zinc, copper, iron for growth and immune function.
  • Vitamins A, D, E, K, B complex.
• Additives: Probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, growth promoters.

Swine Waste Management

• Challenges: Manure production can harm the environment.
• Solutions:
  • Use of slatted floors or scrape systems.
  • Storing manure in lagoons or pits.

Breeding and Reproduction Management

• Selection of Breeding Stocks:
  • Males: Good genetic traits, strong build, high libido.
  • Females: High milk production, good mothering ability.
• Estrus Cycle & Mating:
  • Cycle lasts 18-24 days.
  • Signs: Swollen vulva, restlessness, standing reflex, mucus discharge.
  • Best insemination time: 12-24 hours after first estrus signs.
• Breeding Methods:
  • Natural mating.
  • Artificial Insemination (AI): Helps improve genetic control, disease prevention.

Farrowing and Piglet Care

• Farrowing Signs: Restlessness, nesting behavior, increased breathing rate.
• Birthing Process: 2-6 hours, intervals between piglets.
• Piglet Care:
  • Maintain warm environment (30-32°C).
  • Perform procedures: Iron injection, tail docking, tooth clipping.

Grower Stage Management

• Early Grower Stage:
  • Diet: Transition to starter feed, 18-20% protein.
  • Water: Constant access to clean water.
  • Health: Monitor for stress and diseases, vaccinate and deworm.
  • Space and Environment: 0.3-0.5 m² per piglet, reduce temperature gradually.
• Late Grower Stage:
  • Diet: Grower feed with 16-18% protein.
  • Space: 0.5-0.7 m² per pig.
  • Temperature: Maintain 20-24°C.

Finisher Stage Management

• Early Finisher Stage:
  • Diet: High energy, 14-16% protein feed.
  • Water & Health: Ensure access to clean water, monitor health.
  • Space: 0.7-1 m² per swine, maintain 18-22°C.
• Late Finisher Stage:
  • Diet: Optimize feed efficiency, 13-15% protein.
  • Space & Temperature: 1-2 m² per swine, 16-20°C.
  • Health & Monitoring: Regular checks for illness or stress.