all right x-ray circuit so we already talked about our x-ray tube and the parts and how the X-ray is produced but we have to power the X-ray um so what I'd like you to do is get out a picture of your X-ray circuit block all the words and see if you can label it do you know what the parts are do you know what they do and where they're located and that's pretty much what we need to know about the circuit we don't have to go wild your electrical supply the incoming power is alternating current and all three of your Transformers also work off of alternating current so it's AC coming in and about 220 volts is your incoming power we have a main power switch which if you've looked at any of your X-ray rooms there's a big black switch on the wall um and then there's fuses and a circuit breaker here to protect your equipment from excessive current located all on the primary side so your initial entrance to the circuit there is a line voltage meter which is sometimes called line voltage compensator and it does what's in the name it compensates all right it's going to measure the incoming line voltage and if it detects a surge or a drop it's going to maintain those 220 volts for the auto Transformer and that's the first Transformer that we hit in the circuit your auto Transformer is the first Transformer we hit it has one coil it operates on self-induction because it's lonely it doesn't have any friends it's a coil by itself again it works off of alternating current we are selecting our KV here not producing it watch that work so we're selecting our KV and it's going to determine the um the kilovolt meter here is going to determine the voltage being sent up to the Step up Transformer so I want you to think Auto is self it's also selecting my KV just underneath your auto Transformer is something called the ma selector or the riostat so we're going to go there next so we just selected our KV at the auto Transformer we're going to select our Ma at it's either going to be called the ma selector or a Rio stack and I think Ma selector is too easy so we're going to go with Rio step okay this also makes me think of a thermostat right if you think M.A and you think thermionic emission that filament heats up we're determining our ma setting it might help you think turn up the heat Rio stack kind of sounds like thermostat it's also called a variable resistor okay someone taught me sort of think of like a dimmer on a light switch like how much intensity do you want okay so we did our KV selection our ma selection and now we're going to go to the other two Transformers for the next part okay the first one that we hit up here on the top is the Step up Transformer and I want you to think it's it's right after the kbp meter it's gonna turn my volts into kilovolts the Step up Transformer Works off of mutual induction because there's two wires okay so the step up and step down have friends there's two of them they have a primary and a secondary side the step up means there's more windings of the coil on the second side than on the first side it's increasing so we're gonna bump our volts to kilovolts up here and we're going to go down to the bottom one the Step Down Transformer again two wires Mutual induction it's going to decrease my voltage but it increases my amperage sometimes this Step Down Transformer is also called the filament Transformer if you think filament thermionic Mission it's right next to my ma selector they kind of go together if you look at the windings here there's more windings on the primary side than the secondary sides we're stepping down okay then before we can hit our x-ray tube we have to change our current from alternating current which all three of the Transformers work off of to direct current our x-ray tube uses direct current so we need something that's going to change that and that's your rectifier in some pictures it looks like a diamond and I think those are easier to identify and they have the four triangles that are going to move it into One Direction so AC to DC sometimes these things are called semi solid-state diodes and you should have four of them the rectification is either a halfway rectification or a full wave so the half wave has the big Open Spaces here and we don't like that full wave but I'm still getting a ripple here as your equipment has improved over time we started with single phase equipment and then we went to three phase with a six pulse so we had more pulses involved then we went three phase 12 pulse again more pulses less drop your newest and I think all the equipment you're working on is high frequency equipment there's something here it's called voltage Ripple and that's how much it has to drop back down before coming back up so how much drop in between so single phase has a hundred percent Ripple because it has to go all the way back down to zero and then back up again and it's bad so 100 is bad the next equipment that we got three phase six pulse fixed it a little bit because it added more pulses so there was less drop so now the Ripple is only 14 percent three phase 12. again we doubled those pulses to 12. it's only dropping four percent and now your high frequency it's dropping one percent or less and so less Ripple the better so I want you to remember single phase is a hundred high frequency is one we what we want the one percent because that's ideal okay all right that's really really all I do for circuit to Wild about the circuit okay but I want you to find a picture and find more than one because they might look a little different so look how these Transformers appear in this picture they're in the same location but they just look a little bit different as far as their shape and how the windings look so this is still an auto Transformer it has one coil but it looks like it has two sides so it might look a little bit different to you okay so this one has a try has a diamond shape rectifier and this one down here is not in a diamond so I would look at a couple things they're in the same location so could you draw it out if you can't draw like me find some pictures print them out can you label the parts if I asked you where it was could you point it out can you tell me if they fall in the primary side or the secondary side or the filament so you can see in this picture it identifies it so in the blue here or the light blue I should say is primary or low voltage secondary or high voltage side and then the filament some of them just specify primary secondary and they don't specify the filament either but if you're asked either way could you figure it out and then what is its job what are you selecting there what is it producing was it changing if you can tell me all of those things you can answer anything on the circuit don't go crazy and don't let the circuit stress you out not that bad we know what it does where it lives and kind of what order it goes in and if we can find it on a picture you're all set I hope that was helpful for the circuit